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1、UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD素养导航导航 History of Chinese CharactersChinese characters constitute the oldest used system of writing in the world.There are about tens of thousands of Chinese characters with their own history and meaning.People are using it for years in different countries in China a
2、nd Japan.Chinese characters are among the most used writing systems worldwide.A lot of young people would like to study the Chinese language and they can also learn something about the history of Chinese characters.Most of the students move to China to learn the language and the way of living.This i
3、s the ultimate way to learn about the history of Chinese characters.Since 1950,the simplified Chinese characters were promoted as the common written language which replaced many traditional characters.Many years after that,the simplified characters remain the standard writing system of China,while C
4、hinese elsewhere,especially in Taiwan and Hong Kong,continue to use the traditional characters.Every generation of Chinese people learn everything about the history of Chinese characters.They have to use it for the rest of their lives every day at work,school,etc.The advantage of traditional charact
5、ers is that they offer a stronger and richer connection with the history of the Chinese language.The simplified developed writing system has reduced the variety and changed the nature of many characters,making it more difficult for people to learn it.词海拾贝character n.字符;个性;品质;人物ultimate adj.根本的;极限的;最
6、后的;终极的simplified adj.精简了的;简化了的promote vt.促进;提升;升迁;发起;促销,推销standard adj.标准的;普通的;规范的variety n.多样性典句欣赏The simplified developed writing system has reduced the variety and changed the nature of many characters,making it more difficult for people to learn it.译文:简体字的发展减少了汉字的种类,改变了许多汉字的性质,增加了人们学习汉字的难度。分析:该句
7、的谓语动词是由and连接的has reduced和changed;句子的主语是The simplified developed writing system。simplified developed writing作system的定语。making it more difficult for people to learn it在句中是现在分词短语作结果状语。探究思辨What do you think about the changes about the Chinese characters since 1950?答案:The Chinese characters before 1950 a
8、re better at standing for the original meanings of the things,but they are difficult to write;after that,the Chinese characters become simple in themselves and easy to write for people.This make it easy for it to be widely taught and learned.Section AListening and Speaking.知识体系图解 语音英语口音:美式英语和英式英语重点词
9、汇1.billion n. 2.native adj. n. 3.n.态度;看法 4. vi. 提到;参考;查阅vt. 查询5. n.系统;体系;制度十亿出生地的;本地的;土著的本地人attituderefersystem重点短语1.refer to 2.attitude to/towards 3.would like to do 4.pay attention to 5.official language 6.do business with 7.in the future 8.neither.nor. 9.native language 10.if possible 指的是;描述;提到;查
10、阅 对的态度 想做 注意 官方语言 和做生意 在将来 既不也不 本族语如果可能的话重点句式Learning English is very useful,but it is wise to learn at least one other foreign language,if possible.释义匹配1.billion A.a person who lives in a particular place,especially somebody who has lived there for a long time2.native B.to mention or speak about so
11、meone or something3.attitude C.a group of things,pieces of equipment,etc.that are connected or work together4.refer D.the number 1,000,000,0005.system E.the opinion and feeling that you usually have about something答案:1.D2.A3.E4.B5.C.听说导学听教材P60的听力短文,回答第1至3小题。1.Which is the second widely used native l
12、anguage in the world?A.Chinese.B.English. C.Spanish.2.Why do many students choose to learn one of the languages spoken at the UN?A.It means better job chances in the future.B.It can bring them more money.C.It makes them communicate more easily.答案:A 答案:C 3.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Ho
13、w many languages there are in the world.B.Why many people like to learn English.C.Why people learn a foreign language.答案:C 重点词汇1They are spoken by around 2.8 billion people as their native or second languages.约有28亿人把它们作为母语或第二语言使用。【词汇精讲】native adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的n.本地人句中的native是形容词,意为“出生地的”,在此作定语修饰langua
14、ges。Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom.对孩子而言,和说母语的人待在一起比仅仅坐在教室里更胜一筹。The eagle is the most sacred animal to the Native Americans.对美洲土著人来说,鹰是最神圣的动物。At first the natives and Europeans were getting along well.起初,本地人和欧洲人相处融洽。【词汇拓展】nation n.民族;国家;政权nati
15、onal adj.国家的;民族的international adj.国际的native language 母语be native to原产于I speak English well because English is my native language.我英语说得好是因为那是我的母语。Many of the plants are native to Brazil.这些植物中有很多原产于巴西。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)The kind of horses is not native Americait was introduced by the Spanish.(2)The Britis
16、h forced the (native) to leave their land by burning their villages.(3)Its an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to (nation) students.(2019江苏卷)(4)The major goal of understanding history is to preserve (nation) traditions.(2019天津卷)to nativesinternationalnational2What is the attitude
17、 of the speaker towards foreign language learning?说话者对外语学习持有什么样的态度?【词汇精讲】attitude n.态度;看法句中的attitude意为“态度”,是可数名词。As soon as he found out I was a doctor his attitude changed.他一发现我是医生,态度就变了。Your attitude would be improved when you fix your attention on good things.当你注重好的事情的时候,你的看法会改善。【词汇拓展】 an attitud
18、e to/towards 对待的态度a positive attitude 积极的态度a negative attitude 消极的态度I am trying to have a positive attitude towards my job and life.我正试图以一种积极的态度看待我的工作和人生。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and (attitude).(2)Students should have a prop
19、er attitude college before thinking about which college to attend.(2019北京卷)attitudes towards/to3Pronouns(it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.代词(它,它们,她,等等)指的是前面提到的事物或人。【词汇精讲】refer vi. 提到;参考;查阅vt. 查询Although she didnt mention any names,everyone knew who she was referring
20、 to.虽然她没有提到任何名字,但每个人都知道她指的是谁。Does what he says refer to me?他的话里指的是我吗?【词汇拓展】 refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅refer to.as.把称作refer.to.把提交给refer to a book/dictionary查阅书/字典in/with reference to关于refer to a dictionary You can refer to online articles to complete your education.你可以参考在线文章,以完成学习。Please refer to the dic
21、tionary if you dont know the word.如果你不认识这个单词,请查字典。We agreed never to refer to the matter again.我们同意不再提及这件事情。【微写作】 In his speech,he referred to a recent trip to Canada,where there were large quantities of reference books which he was often confused to choose from.【迁移应用】 单句语法填空(1)Jim insisted that the
22、 book Mr Black referred was worth reading.(2)I have nothing to say in (refer) to that incident.(3)Your notes are excellent materials (refer) to when you are studying for a test.(4)People who work in offices are usually referred to “white collar workers”.to referenceto referas重点句式1Learning English is
23、 very useful,but it is wise to learn at least one other foreign language,if possible.学习英语是非常有用的,但如果可能的话,至少再学习另外一门外语是明智的。【句式剖析】本句是一个并列句。Learning English.是第一个分句的主语,在第二个分句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to learn.;if possible是省略形式,省略了主语it和连系动词,补全为:if it is possible。If (it is) possible,please come to the party
24、before 7.如果可能的话,请于七点前来参加聚会。If (it is) possible,you can hand in your homework tomorrow.如果可能的话,你可以明天交作业。【句式拓展】if any如果有的话或即使有的话if ever如果曾经有过或即使有过的话if necessary如果有必要的话The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系,如果存在着任何联系的话。【迁移应用】完成句子
25、(1)这本书里即使真有错误,也不多。There are few,mistakes in the book.(2)如果真的看到的话,孩子们也很少在他工作的地方看到他。His children rarely,see him at his place of work.(3)如果必要,你可用这些参考书。You can use these reference books,.if any if everif necessary2There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburgers;neither apple nor pine in pineapple.茄子里没
26、有鸡蛋,汉堡包里也没有火腿;菠萝里既没有苹果也没有松树。【句式剖析】这就是一个简单的there be句型;句子里含有一个neither.nor.并列部分。This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in the past.这种现象既不好也不坏,在现在和过去这都是大学生活的一个事实。【句式拓展】(1)neither.nor.“既不也不”,连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词:either.or.不是就是not only
27、.but also.不仅而且not.but.不是而是Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。【迁移应用】单句语法填空(1)Neither I nor Jane and Mary (be)tired of having one examination after another.We really dont want to go to school.(2)Not his words but the expression in his eyes (hurt) my feelings.(3)Neither
28、 the students the teacher knew anything about it.are hurtsnor.选词填空 attitude,native,billion,system,refer 1.Tom,a Californian,received his doctors degree at the University of California.答案:native2.The underlined word “rainbow” in the last paragraph to something imaginative and fun.答案:refers3.The has b
29、een designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library.答案:system4.From the experience I learnt a lot about how the of the leader can affect the members of a team.答案:attitude5.If you want to go into the car industry,youd better have a few dollars.答案:billion.用适当的介副词填空1.The custom which is native China has been very popular around the world.答案:to2.His attitude Chinese culture has changed a lot.答案:to/towards3.If you dont know the meaning of these words,you can refer the dictionary.答案:to4.His statement refers people in general,not to anyone in particular.答案:to