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1、名词1、定义：表示人、物以及抽象概念的名称的词。2、名词的分类3、名词的句法作用：名词在句中可充当：。注意：名词充当定语English lesson（）lunch room（）silver coins （）比较：silvery cars名词充当定语与名词的所有格作定语，意义不一样。 比较： a man driver a mans driver4、名词的数1）名词复数形式的规则变化一般情况，加-sbooks, pens以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词，加-esbuses; boxes, watches; dishes以辅音字母y结尾的词，去y, 加 -ieslady- ladies; baby-
2、babies 以f或fe 结尾的词: *变f或fe为v再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf, wolf, thief*直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf*另外： handkerchiefs 或 handkerchieves 以o结尾的词： 加s: photo, radio, piano, studio, zoo, bamboo, tobacco 加es: tomato, potato, hero, negro2）名词复数形式的不规则变化: 单复数同形：sheep, deer, fish, means, species, a
3、ircraft, spacecraft, works(工厂), series(系列), Chinese, Japanese, Swiss(瑞士人) 改变字母：womanwomen, manmenpolicemanpolicemen,saleswoman-saleswomen, foot-feet,toothteeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, phenomenon phenomena penny pence或 pennies 增加字母: child -children, ox -oxen 外来词的复数: phenomenon phenomena bacterium -
4、 bacteria criterion - criteria 3） 合成名词的复数形式：合成名词中的主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on mother(s)-in-law comrade(s)-in-arms无主体名词构成的复合名词,词尾加-s: grown-up(s) go-between(s) good-for-nothing(s) 含boy, girl, lady等的合成名词： 如：boy student boy students girl friend girl friends lady driver lady drivers复合名词中第一个名词是man或 woman的合成名词：
5、a man doctor - two men doctors, woman singer women singers4） 以复数形式出现的名词：glasses, clothes trousers arms times manners means goods名词只能用复数形式的短语： take notes, take turns, make repairs, make friends, shake hands with. (握手）have words with sb., in high spirits, give ones regards to sb. in rags, Congratulati
6、ons ! No, thanks!5）可数、不可数意义不同：paper(C)报纸，论文；(U)纸 glass (C)玻璃杯 （U）玻璃6）不可数名词与可数名词的转化 -抽象名词具体化部分抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时，常加冠词如：a great help, have a good/nice time, have a wonderful breakfasta knowledge of English, a waste of time与动词同形的名词构成的短语，常用冠词。如：have a look, have a rest/ break, go for a walk/swim/talk部分抽象名词，
7、尤其是表示情绪或心理活动等方面的词，当表示具体的事情时，不可数名词转化为可数名词。如：in surprise have pity on sb. a failure a wonder，What a surprise!Its a pity. a success a musta beauty pleasure an honor有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。* He burst into tears at the bad news. * The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.* The stone bridge brok
8、e down in heavy rains.7)集体名词集体名词只用作复数： police cattle people poultry 集体名词用作不可数名词: clothing, jewellery, furniture, machinery, luggage(baggage), wealth, poetry视具体情况而定单复数：family, class, population, staff, crew, couple, public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemyHis
9、family was poor. My family are sitting at the table.5、名词所有格1) s型（有生命的东西的所有格） 一般在名词后加 s, Jim s chair ，the childrens book在s结尾的复数名词后加 the students reading room Tom and Marys father Toms and Marys fathers表示店铺、某人的家、诊所、餐馆等，常省去所有格后的名词。at Greens, at my uncles, at the tailors 表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家，团体，机构等 todays n
10、ewspaper，ten minutes walk ,the stations waiting room 2) of 型（表示无生命的东西的名词所有格）the students of our school the window of the room注意：某些有生命的东西的名词所有格既可用s型，也可用of 型，但修饰语较长时，须用of 型the son of the old man=the old mans son the son of the old man who lived in the country3)双重属格：of + 名词s 或 of + 名词性物主代词 a friend of my fathers = one of my fathers friends a book of Toms =one of Toms books a photo of mine区别： a friend of my fathers ,a friend of my father 区别： a photo of my fathers, a photo of my father 4) 表示“某人自己的” 的属格: 用of ones own表示，不可用 “of反身代词”。 This is the house of my own.2学科网（北京）股份有限公司