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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语法详解和练习一名词I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词【随堂练习】I游刃有余Peoples Republic of China, food, football, Jack, parent, reading, book, hotel, tennis, Beijing Zoo, aunt, grass, Canada, e-mail, time, sheep, girl, boy, Japanese, French, France.II.目光如炬1. They got much _ from tho
2、se new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. Stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk4. A
3、n old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers7. She has been in
4、Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. Room8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncl
5、e B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experienceII. 名词的数：一. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x,
6、ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以
7、y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-ba
8、mboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,【随堂练习】I.游刃有余ship, hero, potatoes, tomato, kilo, zero, radio, mouth, month, proof, roof, knife, leaf, chief, half, party, city, wife, Sunday, Friday, ray, auto, Henry, land, field, earth, ground, concert, teacherII目光如炬1.
9、 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost. A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. Tell me the _, I want to know it accurately.A.truths B.truth C.truthes D.truthees3.-Can you give me some _?-Yes, I advise you to go to the _.A.advices, zo
10、os B.advice, zoo C.advices, zoo D.advice, zoos4.There are many _ in my hometown, and they are the _ of our village.A.bamboo, hope B.bambooes, hopes C.bamboos, hope D.bamboo, hopes5.In the_ , there is a good _. A. shop, chef B.shops, chefs C.shop, cheves D.shop, chef 二. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如
11、下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin, 3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team,
12、public, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将
13、主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants【随堂练习】1.游刃有余man, woman, mouse, tooth, foot, goose, ox, child, cod, deer, fish, trousers, clothes, sheep, jin, yuan, people, police, team, public
14、, party, customs, times, spirits, sand, paper, green, Chinese, Japanese. American, son-in-law, looker-on, passer-by, story-tellers, grown-up, housewife, stopwatch, woman singer, man servant2.目光如炬1. There are many _ and _ in the restaurant.A.women singer, man servants B.women singers, men servantsC.w
15、omen singers, men servants D.women singers, men servant2. They have been _ and they have the rights to go to the _.A.grown-up, net bar B.grown-ups, nets bars C.grown-ups, net bars D.grown-up, nets bar3. The _ are those who married your daughter, while _ are on the contrary.A.son-in-laws, daughter-in
16、-laws B.sons-in-law, daughters-in-lawC.sons-ins-laws, daughters-ins-laws D.daughters-in-law, sons-in-law4. We must pay _ before we imported our goods, that is to say, paying taxes is an international _.A.customs, customs B.custom, customs C.customs, custom D.custom, custom5. There is _ , two _, and
17、three _.A.one Frenchman, Chinese, Swiss B.one Frenchmen, Chineses, Swisses C.one Frenchman, Chinese, Japaneses D.one Frenchman, Chineses, Swiss6.In the accident spot, we can see many _ and _.A.looker-on, passer-by B.lookers-on, passers-by C.lookers-ons, passers-bys D.looker-ons, passer-bys7. There i
18、s much _ in the _ beaches or in the _.A.sand, sand, sands B.sand, sands, sands C.sand, sands, sand D.sands, sands, sands8.-Dont waste _.-No, I wont. I will save it by printing _ with double side.A.a piece of paper, papers B.papers, a piece of paper C.paper, a piece of paper D.papers, papers9. The go
19、vernment _ trying to deal with the air pollution and all the government _ sent out to do researches.A.is, has been B.are, have been C.is, have been D.are, has been10.-Alan, please give my _ to Jack for he helps me in preparing for the final exam.A.thank B.thanks C.thankes D.thankingIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中
20、表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各
21、自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示时间todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然现象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches
22、3表示国家城市等地方的名词the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群体the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定词组a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用
23、于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 【随堂练习】1.来去自如the food of the restaurant, the legs of the table, the findings of the book 我的书， 王丽的小猫，今天的新闻，孩子他爸，日本和美国的问题，史密斯家的房子，天上的小鸟儿，西游记中的孙悟空，七天的路程，小
24、说的剧情，裁缝店，我叔叔家，老师的办公室2.目光如炬1. _ are interesting, so Id like borrow it from _.A.The books of my father, the librarys B.The books of my father, the libraryC.My fathers books, the library D.My fathers books, the librarys2. After the exam, well have_ holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two
25、weeks3. They are those _ bags. Please put them on the bus.A. visitor B. visitors C. visitors D. visitors4. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride.A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half5. This is _ they like very much while these are _ which they dont l
26、ike at all.A.Mike and Jacks room, Anns and Shellys rooms B.Mikes and Jacks rooms, Anns and Shellys roomsC.Mike and Jack room, Ann and Shelly roomD.Mike and Jacks room, Anns and shelly rooms课后练习I游刃有余1.Please give me a paper. 2. Please give me two letter papers. 3. My glasses is broken.4. I want to bu
27、y two shoes. 5. May I borrow two radioes? 6. This is a Marys dictionary.7. There are much people in the garden. 8. Im sorry. I have to go. Toms families are waiting for me. 9. Dont eat too much meats. 10. Food in that restaurant is very good.II.目光如炬1. We have no _ in the house. Lets go and buy some
28、apples and bananas.A. meat B.fruit C.eggs D.vegetables2. All the _ enjoyed themselves on March 8th, so did_.A. woman teacher, man teacher B.women teachers, men teachersC.woman teachers, man teachers D.women teacher, men teacher3. -Would you like something to eat? -_, please.A. Orange juice B. Water
29、C. Bread D. Milk4. -Whats on the desk?- There _ five books and one pen on it.A.is B.are C.was D.have5.-I want to go to LiNing to buy some shoes, but I dont know the _. A.ticket B.time C.map D.price6. -Does he work hard?-Yes, he has read _ since he got to the office.A.several papers B.several paper C
30、.a piece of paper D.a paper7.-Where is your brother?-At _.A.Mr. Greens B. Mr. Green C.the Mr. Greens D.the Mr. Green 8. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A.bicycles shop B.bicycle shop C.bicycles shop D.bicycles shop9.-Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy?-I generally
31、make it a to be up by 7 to read English.A. plan B.wish C.secret D.rule10. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt _ news.A. many B.a few C.much D.few11. John always says that he likes apple juice of all the _ .A. vegetables B.fruits C.drinks D.milk12. -You look worried. Whats your _ ?-I have
32、 trouble learning English.A. name B.question C.problem D.job13. _ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A number of; women B. The number of; women C.number of; woman D. The number of; woman14. -Well, you look so happy!-Because I got a good _.A. work B.news C
33、.job15. Sandy didnt tell her parents she was going home because she wanted to give them a _.A. gift B.call C.surprise D.not16. You can get some _ about the World Expo on the Internet.A. map B.picture C.ticket D.information17. We must come up with a(n) _, and make a decision at once.A. idea B.opinion
34、 C.advice D.news18. -Dad, Ive got an “A” in the math exam.-Great. And Im sure you will do better, because this is a good _.A. report B. result C. start D. skill19.The_ of most trees will fall in autumn.A leaf B. leafs C leaves20.There are many _ playing on the playground. A. child B. children C. man
35、 teachers D. sheeps二冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you
36、 when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.【随堂练习】I.来去自如一架飞机，一辆小车，一个男
37、孩，一支笔，一本书，一个小时，一个通知，一对夫妇我又完成了一封信。每天服一次药。刚才有一个叫做史密斯的先生打电话给你。很久以前，山上有一对夫妇。我们几乎在同一年纪。II.目光如炬1. The train goes at 160 km _ hour.A. an B.a C. / D.the2. Tome and his sister are of _ height.A. an B.a C./ D.the3. Would you please give us _ explanation?A. an B.a C./ D.the4. This room is _ big one.A. an B.a C
38、./ D.the5. -There is _ special food in _ restaurant.-Really? Sounds great.A. a kind of, a B.all kinds of, a C.a kind of, the D.all kinds of, /6. -Do you want _ banana? -No, I would like to have _ apple and _ water.A. a, an, a B.a, an, a glass of C.a, an, the D.a, an, a glasses of.7. Paper money was
39、in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.A,a, the B.the, the C./, the D./,/8. Do you know _ speaker of _ Chinese language also has difficulty in learning _ Japanese.A. the, the, a B./, the, the C.a, the,/ D.a, /,/9. _ people go to travel all around _ world when t
40、hey are rich.A. /, the B.A, the C.The, a D./, /10. That boy is _.A.rather Lei Feng B.rather a Lei Feng C.a Rather Lei Feng D.the rather Lei FengII. 定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the doo
41、r? 4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invente
42、d in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.【随堂练习】I.来去自如马是一种有用的动物。在20世纪90年代。 在19世纪80年代。我请了一个小时工。 他用手拍了我的头/肩膀。小吴一家人，小王一家人，小郭一家人，小杨一家人。The compass was invented in China. I hired the car by the day.II.目光如炬1. T
43、he boy is _ of _ two children, that is to say, he is _ one.A. tall, the, the tallest B.taller, /, the tallest C.taller, the, tallest D.taller, the, the tallest2. He patted me _. A.in the head B.in the shoulder C.in the back D.in the face3. _ United States, _ most powerful country in _ world, has bee
44、n forcing others into accepting its idea of development.A.The, a, the B.The, the, a C.A, the, the D.The, the, the4. “中国共产党”is translated into _.A.the China Communist Party B.the Communist of Party of ChinaC.the Communist Party of China D.the communist party of China5. _ food in their house is cooked on _ modern cooker by a cook.A.The, a B