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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上代词一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称（一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）的变化。其中，人称代词除了这三种变化外，还有格（主格、宾格）的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。这三种代词的形式变化表如下：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主
2、代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves三、人称代词的用法1) 定义人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。如：Tom is
3、 a boy, and he（代指第三人称单数Tom） is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she（代指第三人称单数Mary） likes singing.The boys are students, and they（代指第三人称复数数The boys） are in the room.The dog is small. It（代之第三人称单数The dog） is Toms.2）人称代词的句法功能A)人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语和表语，宾格用作宾语。如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher. (主语)She
4、 and I are good friends(主语). Neither she nor I am student.I saw the boys this morning.Are you sure it was they(表语)?B) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。如：I saw him at the party(动词see的宾语).I havent seen them recently. (动词see的宾语)I bought a book for them.(作介词for的宾语)=I bought them a book.(作介词buy的间接宾语)注意：a.在口语中，人称
5、代词的主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替换。如：It cant be he/him.Is this Mr. Green?Yes, this is he/him.b. 在口语中，当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时，用主格 (较正式) 和宾格 (较口语化) 均可以。He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。You know more than she/her.She is as tall as me (me=I am).c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它充当的是主语也是如此。“I like English.” “Me too=I like
6、English too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”Who did it?Them.(=They did it)四、物主代词的用法1）定义：物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语，相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，相当于一个名词词组，可以单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容词性物主代词its作name的定语） My sister lost her bicycle. （形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语）Is that coff
7、ee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)3） 形容词性物主代词的用法A) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。 My new bike我的新自行车 her young son 她年幼的儿子B) 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。 My pen 我的钢笔 His books 他的书C) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。这是我的钢笔.误This pen is my.（错误的原因：my在此句中单独使用）正This is my pen.D) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词来
8、修饰名词（注：冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a, an两类）。那是我的自行车.误That is my a bike. / That is a bike. 错误原因：不定冠词a和形容词性物主代词my同时出现正That is my bike.4)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。他们的电脑在这儿。误Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.) 错误原因：指示代词those和形容词性物主代词there同时出现正Their computers
9、are here. 注意：A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。如：The umbrella is mine.（mine=my umbrella）He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers.(hers=her pen) B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My b
10、ag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -s属格结构.如： Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks. His cap 意为 The cap is his. D) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friends；但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)这种说法绝对错误。E) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代
11、词会导致含义的变化。如：Dont lose heart. 别灰心（lose heart：灰心）She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。（lose ones heart to sb: 爱上某人）五、反身代词的用法1）定义：如人称代词一致，反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。2）反身代词的句法功能反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。He himself was a doctor. (同位语)=He was a doctor himself.She is too young to lo
12、ok after herself. （宾语）I dont blame you, I blame myself(宾语).He cut himself when he was cooking. (宾语)That poor boy was myself.（表语） 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。注意：反身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如：Ill be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。He doesnt feel himself today.他今天感觉身体不舒服Im not quite myself these d
13、ays. 我近来身体不大舒服。 六、相互代词的用法英语的相互代词只有each other和one another，它们在句中通常只用作宾语，不能用作主语或状语等。Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。We have known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。注意：相互代词可以有所有格形式(each others, one anothers)。They often stay in one anothers house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住。另外，有人认为 each other用于两者，one anoth
14、er用于三者，但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。七指示代词的用法1）指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 单数 复数限定词：This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.代 词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2）指示代词的句法功能指示代词主要有四个，即this, that, these 和 those。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。This is my book.(主语) I want that.(宾语)
15、My book is that.(表语) I like that dress.(定语)注意：1. 为避免重复，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school. (That=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor.（that=mayors seat） 我的座位在市长座位旁边。2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this。如：She is
16、a beautiful girl.Who said that?I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点：她美吗?3. 在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?4.除用作代词外，this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为“这么”、“那么”，相当于 so。如：Ive done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗?5.指示代词this, that
17、 和these在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。如：（对）That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人）（对）He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）（错）He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）（对）I bought this.我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语）He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞
18、赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人） （错） He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人） （对）He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。八、疑问代词的用法1.疑问代词即指who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：What did she say? 她怎么说?（what作say的宾语）Which are our seats? 哪些是我们的座位?（which作表语）What are you worr
19、ying about? 你为什么事烦恼?（what作about的宾语）注意1. who和whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语，不用作定语；what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语，也可用作定语。2.what与 which的用法区别：当选择的范围较明确时，用 which；当选择的范围不明确时，用 what。如：Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种？What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的？ 九连接代词的用法连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which
20、, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等（但who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语），主要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如：Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。（which引导宾语从句）The question is who can help us. 问题是谁能帮助我们。（who引导表语从句）What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来有道理。（what引导主语从句）1.关系代词型 what 的用法。比较下
21、列两句：I dont know what you like. 我不知道你喜欢什么。You can get what you like. 你想要什么就可得到什么。第一句中的 what 表示“什么”；第二句中的 what 则具有关系代词的性质，相当于“先行词+关系代词”，表示“所的一切事或东西”，如上面第二句的 what就相当于 everything that。如第二句这样用的 what 有时还可后接一个名词。如：We gave him what (little) help（此处help为名词） we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。2. whatever, whoever与which
22、ever的用法：它们可用于引导主语从句和宾语从句，也可用于引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。（whoever引导主语从句）Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。（whatever引导主语从句）Whoever you are, you cant enter. 不管你是谁，都不能进去。（whoever引导让步状语从句）Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢，我都会高兴。（whichever引导让步状语从句）十、不定代词的用法1）定义：不定代词是不
23、指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2） 种类英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类，也是中考英语中最
24、常考的一类，复习时应注意以下几点：1. some和 any的比较 不定代词some，any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中；而any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.例： Tom has some picturebooks汤姆有几本图画书。 I have waited some time我已等了一会儿了。注意：在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any。Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?Why dont you bring some flowers? 为什么不带些花来呢?2. 指两者
25、和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。Were they all college students? 他们都是大学生吗?注：each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如：There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。3. (a) fe
26、w 与 (a) little。few和a few 后接复数名词，而little和a little后接不可数名词。其中不带不定冠词的 few 和 little表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义；而带有不定冠词的a few 和 a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。如：He knew few of them. 他们中间他认识的人很少。He sold only a few of the papers. 他只卖出了几份报纸。He knew little about it. 他对此知道得很少。There is still a little left. 还剩
27、一点点。4. all, every, each的用法。从强调重点上看：all强调整体地考虑总体，every 强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近)，each则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体；从用法上看：all和each既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of短语；而every 后必须接名词，既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语(错)从含义上看，each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every指三者或三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 eachAll was destroyed in the big fire 大火中一切都毁了。All are present=Everyone is present
28、.大家都出席了。There is room for all of us我们所有的人全坐得下。注：1）在表示“每个”、“全体”意思时，every的意思与all很接近。但一般情况下every和单数名词搭配，all和复数名词搭配，例： Every child enjoys Christmas 每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。 All children enjoy Christmas所有的孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。2）Each也是“每一个”的意思，但与every不同，each用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，着重于个别概念，例： Two men came into the room Each carried an um
29、brella 两个人走进房间，每人拿着一把伞。 Each/Every book on this desk is worth reading 这桌子上每一本书都值得读。5.other, the other, another, others的用法。指单数时，若泛指用another，若特指用the other；指复数时，若泛指用other(后接复数名词)或others(其后不接名词)，若特指用the other (后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词)。Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。Show me another. 另拿一个给我看。We should thi
30、nk of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?注：another后一般是单数可数名词，但若其后的名词有数词或 few 修饰，则也可接复数名词。Ive got another five minutes. 我还有5分钟。(因为有基数词five修饰，所以another后可接可数名词复数minutes)6.no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 与nobody 用法相似，均只用于指人不用于指物，且其后不能接of短语，用作主语时谓语单数；而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主
31、语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数名词， 谓语动词用单数，复数均可（用单数更加正式）No one Nobody has read it. 没有人读过它。None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。None of the films is are worth seeing. 没有一部电影值得看。7. 复合不定代词的用法。复合不定代词主要包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody
32、, everyone 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。其中something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。使用时应请注意以下几点：(1) 受定语修饰时，定语应置于其后。Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。（interesting修饰something）There was nobody tired. 没有一个人很累。(2) 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也
33、用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如：If anybody anyone comes, ask him them to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。(3) anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。代词练习题第一部分 人称代词的练习题一、按要求写出相应的人称代词。1.I(宾格) 2.she(宾格)3.we(宾格) 4.it(主格)5.them(主格)6.him(主格)7.she(复
34、数) 8.us(单数)9.I(复数) 10.him(复数)11.you(单数) 二、选择适当的人称代词填空。1.(He/I) is my father. 2.(She/They) are Toms grandparents.3.(We/I) am Jims new friend. 4. Look at that white dog.(They/It) is my brothers.5. Where are(you/he) from?6.-Do you like collecting stamps? -Yes,(you/we) do.三、用人称代词的主格或宾格填空。1.Please pass t
35、he ball to (他).2. (她)is watching a running race.3.Would you like to go with (我们)?4. Tomorrow is my fathers birthday. This present is for （他）.5. The ball is Su Hais. Please give to .6.-What are Toms sisters doing? - are watching TV.第二部分 物主代词的练习题一、 翻译下列词组。1.她的手表2.我们的学校3.我最喜欢的季节 4.他的明信片5.你的新自行车 6.他们的教师
36、二、填入适当的物主代词。1. (他的)coat is black, (她的)is red.2.whose wallet is this? -Its (我的)wallet.3.whose wallet is this? -Its (我的).4.Are these (你们的)skateboards? -Yes, they are (我们的).5. Im a new student. name is Helen.6. Nancy is my cousin. eyes are big.7. We are students. school is very nice.8.What do people us
37、ually do atSpring Festival? -They visit relatives and friends.三、将下列表格补充完整。 Iyoutheymehimherusmyitsmineyoursitstheirs第三部分 反身代词练习题1.A good writer is_who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way. A) that B) one C) this D) which 2. To be or not to be,_is the question. A) what B) that C) which D) i
38、t 3. The chemical composition of mans blood is similar to_of sea water. A) that B) there C) which D) here 4.I dont want to use Marys ball pen because I dont like_. A) that ball pen of hers B) that her ball pen C) her that ball pen D) that ball pen of her 5.Understanding the cultural habits of anothe
39、r nation, especially_containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task. A) one B) the one C) that D) such 6. Todays young men are greatly different from_. A) those of the past B) that of the past C) as the past D) those past 7.She cant seem to help_. And no one else ca
40、n help her either. A) him B) himself C) her D) herself 8.Children can usually dress_by the age of five. A) themselves B) them C) selves D) ones 9. _have known each other for ten years. A) I, you and he B) He, you and I. C) You, he and I D) You, he and me. 10.England is justly proud of( )great poets,
41、 especially _in the 18th century. A) her.they B) his.them C) its.that D) its.those 11. She had lost her notebook, would you like to lend her_? A) your B) yours C) yourself D) mine12. John behaved so strangely today. I thought he wasnt acting like_. A) him B) himself C) he would D) he does 13.He has
42、a bad cold and_is why he didnt come.A) it B) this C) that D) there 14.One should take care of_. A) his health B) her health C) their healt D) ones health15.The speaker announced that there was a big fire and directed_nearest the door to leave first. A) that B) them C) those D) these16.“Jack certainl
43、y has a low opinion of Susan.”It can not be any worse than_of him. A) hers B) she does C) her D) she17. Kate was beside_with excitement as her wedding-day approached. A) herself B) her C) hers D) she 18. _ way shall we go? By the stream or through the wood? A) What B) Which C) Whose D) This19. He took_look at my bike and asked me to buy( )new ( ). A) a.a.on