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1、不规章动词过去式和过去分词、 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规章、不规章动词过去式和过去分词归纳(一)、不规章动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是中学英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规章变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规章变化也不是毫无规律可循的;现将中学英语中一些常用的不规章动词变化介绍如下;一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是 t 或 d;如: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-
2、hurt, spread-spread-spread特别:动词 read 的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一样,read-read-read,但发音分别是ri:d-red-red;二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的;如:come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同;如:1. 把单词结尾的字母 d 改为 t;如:lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent2. 转变单词中间元音字母;如:sit-sa
3、t-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held3. 以 eep 结尾的动词,把 eep 改为 ept ;如: keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh 或 ough 结尾的动词;如:buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught5. 有
4、的以 ay 结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay 变成 aid ;如: say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid6. 另有一些其它形式的变化;如:have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变 i 为 a ,在过去分词中变 i 为 u;如:五、以字母 ow 或 aw 结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词
5、时, 通常只在词尾加n;如:blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n 或 en ,变成以 en 结尾的单词;如:rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten特别: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-
6、ridden, get-got-gotten(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规章动词过去式和过去分词有规章变化和不规章变化两种;1) 规章变化情形例词读音与说明动词原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed look callopenneed looked called openedneeded looked lukt called kC:ld opened 5EupEndneeded ni:did-ed 在清辅音音素后发音为 t,在浊辅音后发音为 d,在元音后发音也为 d -ed 在 t、 d后发音为 id但 fix 的过去式和过去分词 x 不双写,为 fixed.以-e 结尾的动词加 -
7、d move phonehopeagree moved phoned hopedagreed moved mu:vd phoned fEundhoped hEupt agreed E5ri:d以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,变y 为 i,再加 -ed studycarrytry studied studiedcarried studied 5stQdidcarried 5kArid tried traid以原音字母加 y 结尾的词,直接加 -ed playenjoystay played enjoyedstayed played pleid enjoyed in5dVCid stayed ste
8、id末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stopplanfit stopped plannedfitted stopped stCptplanned plAnd fitted 5fitid以-r 音节结尾的词,双写 r 字母,再加 -ed prefer refer preferredreferred preferred prIf:d referred ri5fE:2) 不规章变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规章,可分为五种情形;1. 动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形;例:原形过去式过去分词cut(切)hit(打) cast (扔) hurt (损害)
9、 put (放) let(让) shut (关) cost (花费) set(放)rid(清除)cuthit cast hurtput let shut cost setrid cut hit cast hurt putlet shut cost set rid2. 过去式与过去分词完全同形;例:原形过去式过去分词find (找到)pay (支付) leave (离开) lend (借出) meet (遇见) keep (保持) lose (丢失) teach (教) sit (坐) lead (引导)win (赢)除) found paidleft lent met kept lost ta
10、ught sat ledwon found paidleft lent met kept lost taught sat led won3. 动词原形与过去分词同形例:原形过去式过去分词come (来)run (跑)become (成为) came ranbecame come runbecome4. 动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同;例:原形过去式过去分词give (给)fly (飞)drink (喝) see (观察) go(去) know (知道) wear (穿)speak (说) gave flewdrank saw went knew worespoke given flow
11、ndrunkseen gone known worn spoken5. 过去式和过去分词有两种形式例:原形过去式过去分词burn (燃烧) burnedburnt burned burntlearn (学习)learned learnt learnedlearntsmell (闻) smelled smelt smelledsmeltspell(拼写)spelled spelt spelledspeltshine(照耀) shined shone shinedshoneleap (跳) leaped leapt leapedleapt提示a. beat 的过去式与原形同形:比: beat (打
12、击)beat (过去式) beaten (过去分词)b. lie 有规章变化和不规章变化两种,含义不同比:lie lied, lied (说谎)lay, lain (躺,位于)c. hang有规章变化和不规章变化两种,含义不同比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)hung, hung 挂,吊 d. welcome (欢迎) 一词是规章动词, 不行误用为不规章动词比: welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)welcome, welcome(误)e. 不要将不规章动词误用为规章动词比:hit (打) hit, hit (正)hitted, hitted (误)6
13、现在分词的变化规章规章动词原形现在分词及发音一般在动词原形词尾加-ing , -ing 发音为 iN go pushplaycarry going 5EuiN pushing 5puFiN playing pleiiN carrying 5kAriiN以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,先去掉 e, 再加 -ing takewriteleave taking 5teikiN writing 5raitiN leaving 5li:viN重读闭音节结尾的动词,假如词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词, 双写该辅音字母,再加 -ed stopstopfit beginforget
14、 cutting 5kQtiNstopping 5stCpiN fitting 5fitiNbeginning bi5iniNforgetting fE5etiN以 ie 结尾的动词,要把 ie 改为 y,再加 -ing lie dietie lying 5laiiN dying 5daiiN tying 5taiiN(三)、不规章动词过去式和过去分词归纳A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.cost-cost-costcut-cut-cutput-putputlet-let-letset-set-sethit-hithitshut-shut-shuthurt-hurt-hurtread-re
15、ad-read读音 /e/ lie-lied-lied说谎lay-laid-laid放置,下蛋lay- lain躺下,位于,平放eg. The hens don t _eggs during such cold weather. Sheher books on the table. B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught,读音是 :tbright-brought-broughtthink-thought-thoughtbuy-boughtboughtcatch-caught-caughtteach - taughttaught2. 动词原形中的 e
16、为 o,变成过去式和过去分词;get-got-gotsell-sold-soldtell-toldtold3. 动词原形中 i 为 a,sit-sat-satspit-spatspat4. 动词原形中 i 为 o,win-won-wonshine-shone/ shined-shone / shined5. 动词原形中 an 为 oo,stand-stood-stoodunderstand-understoodunderstood6. 动词原形中的 ay 为 ai, say-said-saidpay-paidpaid7. a )动词原形中的 d 为 t, send-sent-sentlend-
17、lentlentspend-spent-spentbuild-builtbuiltb 动词原形最终一个字母改为t , sme-l-l-smelt-smeltlose-lostlostc 动词原形后加一个字母t,learn-learnt-learntmean-meant-meant读音/e/ d 动词原形中的 ee 去掉一个字母 e, 然后在词尾加 t. 字母 e 发音 /e/feel-feltfeltsleep-sleptsleptsweep-sweptsweptkeep- keptkept其它 meet-metmethave-hadhadhold-heldheldmake-mademaded
18、ig-dugdughear-heardheardfind-foundfoundC. 原型与过去分词相同hang-hunghungcome-camecomerun-ranrunbecome-becamebecomeD. 原形,过去式,和过去分词完全不同1. 把动词原形中 i 改为 a 变成过去式,改成 u 变成过去分词begin - began -begundrink-drank-drunkring-rangrungswim-swam-swumsing-sangsung2. 把动词原形中 o 改为 e 变成过去式,在原形词尾加n 变成过去分词blow-blew-blowngrow-grew-gr
19、ownknow-knewknownthrow - threw - thrownfly -flew /flu:/ -flown 和以上相像 3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en 结尾,故把它们分为一类a 把动词原形中 i 改为 o 变成过去式,在词尾加n 变成过去分词drive-drove-drivenrise-rose-risenwrite-wrote-written 双写 t ride-rode-ridden 双写 d b 把动词原形中 ea 改为 o, 在词尾加 e 变成过去式,在过去式后加n 变成过去分词speak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolenbreakbro
20、kebrokenc 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o 变成过去式 , 在过去式后加 n 变成过去分词wake-woke-wokenfreezefrozefrozenchoose-chose-chosenforget-forgot-forgotten(双写 t,加 en)d 其它过去分词以 en 结尾的动词eat-ate-eatenbeat- beat - beatenfall-fellfallengive-gave-givensee-saw-seentake-tooktakenmistake- mistook- mistakenhide-hid-hidden(双写 d )E. 没有过去分
21、词的动词can - couldmay- mightshall- shouldwill - would其它am, is - wasbeenare-were- been do-diddonedraw-drewdrawnwear- woreworn :go-went- goneshow-showedshown不规章动词的过去式(初二)不规章动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点; 同学们应通过不规章动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:1. 把动词原形中的 o 改为 a,变成过去式;过去分词不变如: become became, come came2. 把动词原形中的 i 改为
22、 a,变成过去式;如:begin began ,drink drank ,give gave ,ring rang ,sing sang , sit sat , swim swam,sink sank ,3. 把重读开音节中的 i 改为 o,变成过去式;如:drive drove , ride rode , shine shone ,win won , write wrote 4动词原形中的 e 改为 o,变成过去式;如:get got , forget forgot5. 动词原形中的 eep 改为 ept ,变成过去式;如: keep kept , sleep slept ,sweep sw
23、ept6. 动词原形中的 an 改为 oo,变成过去式;如: stand stood , understand understood7. 改动词原形中的 aw ow 为 ew ,变成过去式;如:draw drew ,grow grew , know knew ,throw threw (动词 show 除外, show showed )8. 动词原形中的 eak 改为 oke ,变成过去式;如: break broke , speak spoke9. 动词原形中的 ell 改为 old ,变成过去式;如: sell sold , tell told10. 以 ought 和 aught 结尾,
24、且读音是:t的过去式;如:bring brought , buy bought , think thought , catch caught , teach taught 11以 ould 结尾且读音为 ud 的情态动词过去式;如:can could ,shall should , will would12在动词原形后加 d 或 t 变成过去式,并且发生音变;如: hear hi heard h :d , say sei said sed , mean mi:n meant ment , dream dreamt dremt 13动词的过去式与动词原形一样;如:cut cut, hit hit
25、, hurt hurt, let let, must must ,put put, read read red , setset14. 动词的过去式有两种形式; 如:dream dreamed/ dreamtlearn learnt/ learned shine shone/ shinedsmell smelt/ smelledwake woke/ waked15. 不符合上述规律的动词过去式;如:am , is was , are were , build built ,do did , eat ate , fall fell,feel felt, find found ,fly flew , go went , havehas had ,hide hid , hold held , lay laid ,leave left , lie lay ,lose lost ,make made ,may might , run ran , see saw , smell smelt , take took ,wake woke , wear wore经过这么一指点, 初二上册所学的这些学问就一目了然了,信任大家很快就能把它们登记来,并且肯定会有事半功倍的成效;