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1、人教版初二上册英语学问点总结归纳八年级（初二）上册英语语法、短语和学问点总结归纳Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation.本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时；本单元的语法： 1.复习一般过去时 ;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法；2.不定代词和不定副词的用法：(1) 左边的 some、any、every、no 与右边的 body、one、thing 构成不定代词, some、any、every、no 与右边的疑问副词 where 构成不定副词;(2) 一般情形下以 some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于确定句, 以 any 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否
2、定句、疑问句;以 no 开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义 no one为两个单词 ;(3) 不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面；He has something important to do. 他有重要的事情要做； 确定句用 something,形容词 important 放后Did you buy anything special. 一般疑问句用 anything,形容词special 放后Did you go anywhere interesting last month. 上个月你去令人感爱好的地方了吗 .一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere,形容词 interest
3、ing 放后第 25 页,共 22 页(4) 不定代词和不定副词做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式；Everone is here today今. 天每个人都在这里；本单元的短语和学问点：1. go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山2. stay at home呆在家 go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp 去参观夏令营 3. study for tests 为考试而学习 备考 go out 出去4. quite a few 相当多,不少后跟可数名词复数 take photos
4、 照相most of the time大部分时间 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物6. taste good. 尝起来很好taste尝起来 、look看起来 、sound听起来 为感官动词,后跟形容词7. have a goodgreatfun time过得兴奋,玩得开心 =enjoy oneself 8.go shopping去购物 9. nothing bu动t+词原形：除了 之外什么都没有He had nothing to do at home but read yesterda昨y.天他在家除了读书无事可做；10. seem to do sth好:
5、像 I seem to know him我.似乎熟悉他；seem+to be+形容词：看起来 The work seemsto beeas这y. 工作看起来很简单；11. keep a diary记日记12. in+大地方：达到某地 get to +地方：达到某地 arrive at+小地方：达到某地 get 的过去式为 got如是 arrive 和 get 后跟 home、there、here 三个地点副词,后面的介词 inatto 必需去掉；Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家；13
6、. decide to do sth决:定做某事 14. try doing sth.尝试做某事 try todo sth.尽力去做某事15. feel like 给 的感觉 ; 感受到 16. in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走enjoy doing sth:宠爱做某事difference名词,差异,差别 -different 形容词,不同的 18.start doing sth：开头做某事 = start to do sth19.19.over an hour一个多小时 over 超过,余外 = more than20. too many 太多,后接可数名词复
7、数；too much 太多,后跟不行数名词,修饰动词作状语；much too 太,后跟形容词或副词 , 辨论三者的口诀： too much,much too, 用法区分看后头 :much 后接不行数 ,too 后修饰形或副； too many 要记住,后面名词必复数；21. because of 由于,后接名词、 代词或动名词 即动词+ing,不能接句子；because由于,后跟句子；He was late for school because of getting up late他. 由于起晚而上学迟到； get 为动词= He was late for school because he
8、got up late.22. enough足够的 与名词连用,一般放在名词前 He has enough money .23. enough足够的 与形容词或副词连用, enough 放在后面；He is old enough to go to school.24. doing sth.遗忘已经做过某事 已经做完 Forget to do sth忘.记去做某事 仍未做 forget 的过去式为 forgot25. so+形容词 +that+句子：如此 以至于too+形容词+to do sth：太 以至于不能 形容词+enough to do sth：足够 能够做某事 留意三个句型有时可以互换
9、 He is so young that he can t go to school.= He is too young to go toschool.= He isn t old enough to go to school. Unit 2 How often do you exercise.本单元的话题：谈论生活习惯,复习一般现在时；本单元的语法： 1.复习一般现在时 ;2.学习表示频率副词的用法；主要频率副词的等级排序：always总是 usually 通常 often常常 sometimes有时 hardly ever很少 never从不这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、be 动
10、词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前；即：“行”前“助系 ”后； Peter is always late forschool. Peter上学总是迟到；I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业；提问 always, sometimes, twice a day等频率副词,用 How often I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视 How often do you watchTV. 你多长时间看一次电视 .本单元的短语和学问点：1. on weekends 在周末 go to the movies 去看电影 help
11、 with housework 帮忙做家务 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不2. once a week 每周一次 twice a week 每周两次 every day 每天use the Internet用互联网be free 有空 Are you free on weekends.你周末有空吗 .4. stay up late熬夜 at least至少 go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动5. after school 放学后 6.want sth：需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔；wan
12、t to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视；want sb to do sth:让某人做某事My mother wants me get up early.妈妈让我早起；7. be good for 对 有好处 be bad for 对 有害处8. play computer games打电子嬉戏 go camping 去野营 9.ask sbabout sth：问某人某事My parents often ask me about my study我. 的父母常常问我的学习情形；10. in ones spare t
13、ime 在某人业余时间 He studies English in his spare time.11.P13,2b ”数字+percent of+名词 ”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情形；如名词为复数,后面的动词用复数形式;如名词为单数或不行数名词,后面的动词用单数形式；In our class ,twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty. 12.notaall:t 一点儿也不 not 构成否定句 I dont like the movieat all.13.go online 上网=surf the Internet 1
14、4.the answer to+名词： 的答案16. the best way to do sth: 做某事的 最好方式The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的最好方法是说英语 .17. such as比如 后跟名词或名词短语 for example 例如后跟句子He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so o他n. 宠爱水果,例如苹果、香蕉等；He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he oftenlistens
15、to tapes.19.more than =over超过,余外 go to the dentist去看牙医Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister.本单元的话题：谈论事物对比,学习形容词比较级；本单元的语法：学习形容词比较级； 语法：见课本第 113 页至115 页本单元的短语和学问点：1.play+the +乐器 play the drums 打鼓 比较 play +球类 play basketball 打篮球both and两者都 后面的动词用复数形式 Both Tom and Jim are students.3.be good at+名词 代词V
16、ing: 善于,在某方面做得好7. be like:像 The books are like friends书. 像伴侣；8. make friends with sb：和某人交伴侣 enjoy doing sth:宠爱做某事9. be different from 与不同 My brother is different from me. 我弟弟与我不一样；10. help sb to do sth帮:助某人做某事常与 help sb with sth 在某方面帮忙某人 互换 He often helps me to learn English.他常常帮忙我学习英语； = He often h
17、elps me with my English.他常常在英语方面帮忙我；help to do sth:帮忙做某事 He often helps tocook at home他. 常常在家帮忙做饭；13.be good with sb:与某人相处很好 14.information n.消息,信息不行数名词Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater.本单元的话题：谈论事物对比,学习形容词和副词的最高级；本单元的语法：学习形容词和副词的最高级；本单元的短语和学问点：1. welcome to+地点：欢迎来到某地 Welcome to our school欢. 迎来我校；2
18、. What do you think of sth.=How dou you like sth.你认为 .怎么样 .3. watch sb do sth看: 见某人做了某事 = see sb do sth 4. 比较级别 +and+比较级：越来越 如比较级为 more+形容词原级,就为：more and more形容词原级 The buildings are taller and taller. Our school is getting more and more beautiful.5. around the world 全世界=all over the world, such as 例
19、如Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show.本单元的话题： 谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好, 学会表达自己的感受；本单元的语法：复习一般现在时；本单元的短语和学问点：1. What do you think of sth.=How dou you like sth. 你认为怎么样.What do you think of the movie.你认为这部电影怎么样 . It is boring.很无聊；2. mind doing sth:介意做某事 3. news 不行数名词, 消息,信息 a piece of good news一条好消息 4.learn
20、sth from sb:向某人学习 某物5. plan to do sth:方案做某事 plan 的过去式 planned,现在分词 planning 6.hope to do sth:期望做某事8. favorite 形容词,最宠爱的 = like bestMy favorite shows are talk shows.我最宠爱的节目是谈话节目； =I like talk shows best.9. expect to do sth:期望做某事 10.think of 认为,想起 He often thinks of his teachers. 11.in the 1930s: 在二十世纪
21、三十岁月 1930 年至1939 年10.12.one of +可数名词复数： 之一该短语放在句首做主语时, 后面的动词用单数形式 One of the students has an English dictionar这y.些同学中一个人有英语字典；14. luck名词,幸运 ,运气 lucky 形容词,幸运的 -unlucky 形容词,不幸的15. be ready to do sth愿意做某事 16.try ones best to do sth:尽力做某事Unit6 Im going to study computer science.本单元的话题：谈论自己将来的方案或准备；本单元的语
22、法：学习一般将来时be going to do sth；本单元的短语和学问点：1.词性转换： science 名词,科学 scientist名词,科学家 violin 名词,小提琴 -violinst 名词,小提琴家 piano名词,钢琴-pianist名词,钢琴家 2.grow up 成长,长大 3.be good at+名词 代词动词+ing: 善于 He is good at math,but he isnt good at speaking English.他善于数学,但是不善于说英语；4.keep on doing sth: 连续做某事 5.be sure about确: 信,对 有
23、把握His mother isnt sure about his study.他的妈妈对他的学习没有把握；6. move to + 地点：搬 家到某地 7. take singingacting lessons上唱歌课 上表演课 =have singingacting lessons 8. send sb sth = send sth to sb 寄 送给某人某物His grandfather often sends him money；= His grandfather often sends money to him.9. learn to do sth学会做某事10. play the
24、piano 弹钢琴 make the soccer team组建足球队 get good grades取得好的成果 eat healthier food 吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise进行大量锤炼11. foreign language外国语言 12. study hard努力学习 most of the time 大多数时间14. get back from+地点：从 回来 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.at the beginning of 在开头的时候 , write down 写下/登记,17. differe
25、nt kinds of 不同种类的 have to do with 关于,与 有关系,take up开头从事20. too+形容词 +to do sth：太 以至于不能 so+形容词 +that+句子：如此 以至于形容词+enough to do sth：足够 能够做某事 留意三个句型有时可以相互转换 He is so young that he can他如t g此o年to轻sc以ho至o于l. 不能去上学；= He is too young to go to school他.太年轻了以至于不能去上学；= He isn t old enough to go to school.22. make
26、 sb+形容词：让某人怎么样The good news made us happy.留意： news 为不行数名词 23. how to do better at school 为“疑问词 +不定式 ”即“疑问词 +to do sth ”He didnt know when to start.他不知道什么时候开头；24.go to university 去上高校Unit 7 Will people have robots.本单元的话题： 谈论对将来的语言, 学习一般将来时 will do sth ；本单元的语法：学习一般将来时will do sth ；一般将来时由 “助动词 will / sh
27、all +动词原型 ”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow、next week, in 2 days2 天之后 等连用； Shall 用于第一人称, will 可以用于各种人称； will not= wont一般疑问句：把确定句中的will提到句首即可；以上两句的一般疑问句为：Will you visit the old man next week. Yes,we will.No, we wont .否定句： 把确定句中的 will变为 wont 即可；以上两句的否定句为：We wont visit the old man next week
28、. She wont finish the work in 2 weeks.本单元的短语和学问点：1.There be结构： There beis/are/was/were+某物/某人+某地/某时 “ There b结e 构”的一般现在时：There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时There are 600 students in our schoo在l. 我们学校有 600 个同学；一般过去时： There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某时 There was a school ten years ago.一般将来时： There will be+某物/某人+某地/某时.= T
29、here is going to be+某物 / 某人 + 某地 / 某时 . There willbe a sport meeting nextweek.=There is going to be a sport meeting next weeek下. 周将有场运动会； 2.on computers在电脑上 , on paper在纸上3.a few +可数名词复数：有一些、有几个a little + 不行数名词： 有一些few +可数名词复数：几乎没有 表示否定 little+ 不行数名词：几乎没有表示否定 many+可数名词复数：很多,很多few 的比较级是 fewer ,little的
30、比较级是 lessmuch+不行数名词：很多,很多manymuch 的比较级都是 more There will be less polution in the future.在将来将会有更少的污染；polution 为不行数名词 We should plant more trees我. 们应当种的树； tree 为可数名词 There will be fewer cars in the future. 在将来将会有更少的汽车；car 为可数名词 4.ingreatdanger 在极度危急中 on the earth 在地球上 save the earth 挽救地球6.in+ 一段时间：在 之
31、后多用于一般将来时 He will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来； How soon will he come back.多久他将回来 .句型 There isare sb doing sth有. eating fish.某人正在做某事； There is a cat10. hundreds of+名词：成百上千的 ,很多表示模糊数字 数字+ hundred +名词：几百 表示详细数字 He has hundreds of book.他有很多书； He bought two hundred books.他买了二百本书；12.at some point: 在某些方面
32、free time 闲暇时间 in ones free time 在某人闲暇时间Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake.本单元的话题：描述做事情的次序和过程；First 第一,Next 下面,Then 然后,Finally 最终本单元的语法：复习一般现在时；本单元的短语和学问点： 1P57,1a turn on打开 turn up 调大turn off 关上 turn down 调小2. How many+可数名词复数：多少 How much+不行数名词：多少 He has eight books他. 有八本书； How many books do
33、eshe have.他有多少本书 .3. 量词的用法：不行数名词常用 “数字 +量词+不行数名词 ”来表示；如：a piece of bread 一片面包 比较： two pieces of bread 两片面包bread 为不行数名词 a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁 one spoon of butter 一勺黄油5.one more thing = another one thing 基数词 + more + 名词 =another + 基数词 + 名词：又多少某物 He ate an apple,he wanted to eat two more apples.7.I
34、ts time for sb to do sth是某人该做某事的时间了； Its time for us to have lunch.Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了； Its time for the class.是该上课的时候了；Unit 9 Can you come to my party.本单元的话题：学会发出、接受或拒绝邀请；本单元的语法：复习情态动词；本单元的短语和学问点：1. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午,在详细哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用 on,2. have to 必需后跟动词原形 He has to get up early他
35、. 必需早起；一般疑问句 Does he get up early. Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.否定句 He doesnt have to get up early他. 没有必要早起；4. sth=want sth 想要某物 Jim would like a new pen .Would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事 Hed like to watch TV.Would you like to do sth . 你情愿做 .用来提出建议或征求对方看法-would you like to go shopping with me .你想
36、和我一起去买东西吗.-Yes,Id love to ,but Im doing my homework.我想去 ,但是我现在正在做家庭作业；=Sorry, Im doing my homework.特别愧疚, 我正在做家庭作业； 5. prepare for sth 为做预备 go to the doctor 去看病 have the flu患流感 help my parents给父母帮忙 have an exam考试6. until 的用法:如动词为连续性动词就用确定句式He studied until 21:00pm.他始终学习到晚上九点；如动词为非连续性动词,就用 not .until直
37、到；.； ；才；He didnt go to bed until his father came back.他始终到他爸爸回来才上床睡觉；10.study for a math test为数学考试做预备 go to the party参与聚会11.Whats today.今日几号 .Its Monday,the 14th.今日星期一,十四号；补充： what day is it today.今日星期几 . its Monday 今日星期一；Whats the date today.今日几月几日 .Its October 20th .今日 10 月20 日；12.go to the doctor
38、去看病 have a piano lesson上钢琴课13.look after 照看,照管 = take care ofShe is old to look after his brother她足够大了能够照看她的弟弟；take good care of =look after好好照管,好w好el照l 料We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children well.感叹句的类型： What a an可+a数dj名+ 词单数+主语 +谓语.What +adj+可数名词复数 不行数名词 +主语+
39、谓语.What a fine day it is . 多么好的天啊 . day 为可数名词单数 What an interesting book it is . 多么好玩的一本书啊 .book 为可数名词单数 What beautiful flowers they are . 多么美丽的花啊 . flowers 为可数名词复数 What bad weather it is.多么糟糕的天气啊 .weather为不行数名词 How +adj +主语+谓语中的 系动词. How +adv +主语+谓语中的实义动词 .How happy I am.我多麽兴奋啊 . happy 为 adj,am 为系动
40、词 How hard they are working . 他们工作多么努力啊 .hard 为adv,work 为实义动词 点拨：陈述句改为感叹句,可以采纳 “一判、二定、三移 ”；一判：是判定出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性adj adv n;二定：是依据判定出来的结果来确定引导词 中心词为名词用What;中心词为形容词或副词用 How;三移：就是把主语和谓语移到后面；留意：在感叹句中,不得显现 so,very, very much 等表示程度的单词；例如： Our school is beautiful .一判： beautiful 为形容词 ;二定： beautiful 为形容词,用 H
41、ow 来引导;三移：把 Our school is 移到 How beautiful 后面,即为感叹句 How beautiful our school is. He is a clever boy.一判： boy 为名词;二定： boy 为名词,用 What 来引导;三移：把He is 移到 What a clever boy 后面,即为感叹句 What a clever boy he is. He studies English well.一判： well 为副词;二定： well 为副词,用 How 来引导;三移： 把 He studies移到 How well 后面,即为感叹句 How
42、 well he studies.练习：将以下句子变为感叹句；The room is very bright. We live a happy life today.It is a nice present. This is difficult problem. She played the piano wonderfully. 16.the best way to do sth:做某事的 最好方法 17.thanks for+名词 V.ing:为什么而感谢 18.take a trip参与郊游, at the end of this month 在本月底19. go back to+地点：回
43、到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.两天后他将回北京；20. have a surprise party for sb为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会21.without+ 名词 代词 V.ing：没有 He cant finish the workwithout our help.help 为名词He went to school without having breakfast.他没有吃早饭就去上学；have 为动词 24. look forward to +名词 代词V.ing：期望,希望25. hear from sb收.到某人的来信 = rece
44、ive a letter from sb.27. the opening of：开幕/开业28. 在详细哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比较：in the morning 在早晨 on Sunday morning 在星期天的早晨29.invite sb to +地点 :邀请某人去某地 invite - invitation invite sbto do sth 邀请某人做某事31.reply to sth / sb：回答某事 /回答某人 go shopping 购物, do homework 做家庭作业Unit 10 If you go to the party, youll have a
45、great time.本单元的话题：谈论事情可能的结果；本单元的语法： 在条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来 即主将从现；If you go to the party, we will have a great time从句一般现在时 主句一般将来时 说明：在条件状语从句, 时间状语从句中, 如主句用一般将来时, 从句就用一般现在时表示将来简称主将从现If it is fine tomorrow,Ill visit shanghai区分:宾语从句如主句为一般现在时,从句可以依据需要用任何时态I think I” ll finish the work in 2 d我a认ys为. 我在两天内将完成这项工作；主句一般现在时 宾语从句填空：I think she comeh