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1、八年级上册英语语法、短语和学问点总结Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation.本单元的话题 :谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时;本单元的语法 : 1.复习一般过去时; 2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法;语法:1. 本单元显现的 动词不规章过去式 有:isam-was是 ; are - were是 ; go-went去 ; buy bought 买; take -took拿走;dodoes did做; feed fed喂 ;see saw 观察 ;eat ate 吃 ; havehas had 有、吃; feel felt感觉; ride rode 骑; get g
2、ot 到达,得到; can could能、会; forget forgot遗忘; drink drank喝 ;find found找到2. 不定代词和不定副词的用法 :somebodyanyoneeverything( 1)左边的 some 、any 、every 、no 与右边的 body 、one 、thing构成不定代词,some 、any 、every 、no 与右边的疑问副词 where构成不定副词;( 2)一般情形下以 some 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于确定句, 以 any 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no 开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义( no one
3、为两个单词);( 3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面;He has somethingimportant to do.他有 重要 的事 情要 做 ;( 确定 句 用nowhere (疑问副词) 不定代词和不定副词something,形容词 important放后)Did you buyanythingspecial.(一般疑问句用 anything,形容词 special放后)Did you goanywhereinteresting last month.上个月你去令人感爱好的地方了吗? 一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere ,形容词 interesting放后( 4 )
4、不 定 代 词 和 不 定 副 词 做 主 语 时 , 后 面 的 动 词 用 单 数 形 式 ;Everone is here today.今日每个人都在这里;本单元的短语和学问点1.P1 ,图片go on vacation去度假 ; go to the mountains上山/ 进山2.P1 , 1astay at home呆在家; go to the beach去海滩; visit museums参观博物馆; go to summer camp去参观夏令营3.P2 , 2bstudy for tests为考试而学习 备考 ; go out出去4.P2 , 2dquite a few相当多
5、,不少(后跟可数名词复数) He has quite a few friends.他有不少伴侣 5.( P3,语法表格 3 行buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣;6. (P3,语法表格 4 行taste good.尝起来很好taste (尝起来)、look (看起来)、sound (听起来) 为感官动词,后跟形容词The food tastes delicious.这食品尝起来特别可口;The T-shirt lo
6、oks beautiful.这件体恤衫看起来很美丽;The songs sound beautiful.这些歌曲听起来很美丽;7.( P3,语法表格 5 行have a goodgreatfun time过得兴奋,玩得开心 (=enjoy oneself)They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他们昨天玩得很高兴;8.P3,3ago shopping去购物9.P3,3b,4 行nothingbut+动词原形:除了之外什么都没有He had nothing to do at home but read
7、yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做;10.P3,3b,5行seem to do sth:似乎I seem to know him.我似乎熟悉他;seem+ (to be )+ 形容词:看起来 .The work seems(to be ) easy. 这工作看起来很简单;11. (P3,3c )keep a diary记日记12. (P5 ,2b ,1 行)in+ 大地方:到达某地arriveat+ 小地方:到达某地( get to+地方:到达某地)He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天达到北京;如是 arrive 和 get 后跟 home 、th
8、ere 、here 三个地点副词,后面的介词 inatto必需去掉;Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家;13.P5,2b,2行decide to do sth:打算做某事He decided to go home.他打算回家;14.P5,2b,3行try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事The boy tried riding bicycle.这个小孩试着骑自行车;He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮忙这个老年人;1
9、5.P5,2b,4行feel like给的感觉;感受到16.P5,2b,1段末行in the past在过去 walk around四处走走enjoy doing sth:喜爱做某事He enjoys playing basketball.他喜爱打篮球;17.P5,2b,2段 1 行difference名词,差异,差别 - different形容词,不同的 18.P5,2b,2段 2 行start doing sth:开头做某事 ( = start to do sth)He started doing his homework.他开头做家庭作业;19.P5,2b,2段 3 行over an h
10、our一个多小时(over 超过,余外 = more than)20.P5,2b,2段 4 行too many太多,后接可数名词复数;Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天妈妈买了许多鸡蛋;too much太多,后跟不行数名词,修饰动词作状语;We have too much work to do.我们有许多工作要做;Don t talk too much.不要说太多;much too太后跟形容词或副词The hat is much too big for me.这帽子对我来说太大;You re walking much too fast.你走地太快了
11、;辨论三者的 口诀 : too much, much too,用法区分看后头 :much后接不行数,too 后修饰形或副; too many要记住,后面名词必复数;21.P5,2b,2段 6 行because of由于,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词 +ing ),不能接句子;because由于,后跟句子;He can t go to schoolbecause ofthe rain. 他由于下雨没去上学;( rain 为名词)He was late for schoolbecause ofget ting up late.他由于起晚而上学迟到;( get 为动词) = He was late
12、 for school because he got up late.I don t buy the shirtbecauseit was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衣由于它太贵;22.P5,2b,2段 8 行enough 足够的与名词连用,一般放在名词前He has enoughmoney.他有足够的钱; money为名词 enough足够的 与形容词或副词连用, enough放在后面;He is old enough to go to school. old为形容词 23. (P6,2d, 倒数 4 行)doing sth.遗忘已经做过某事(已经做完)forgetto do
13、 sth.遗忘去做某事(仍未做)Don t foget to close the door.不要遗忘关上门;(门仍未关)He forgot closing the door.他遗忘已经关上门了;( 门已经关上,但是他忘了)24. (P6,2e,5 行)another+数字+ 可数名词单数或复数:额外多少某物He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一个苹果,仍想再要两个;25. (P8,self check,2,6行)so+ 形容词+that+句子:如此以至于 ;too+ 形容词+to do sth:太以至于不能形容词+enough to do:sth 足够能够做某事 (留意三个句型有时可以互换)He is so young that he cant go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学;= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻以至于不能去上学;= He isn t old enough to go to school.26. (P8,self check,2,7行)tell sb not to do sth:告知某人(不要)做某事My mother often tells us not to play in the street.我的妈妈常常告知我不要在街上玩;