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1、八年级上册英语语法、短语和学问点总结Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation.本单元的话题: 谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时;本单元的语法: 1. 复习一般过去时;2. 学习不定代词和不定副词的用法;语法: 1. 本单元显现的 动词不规章过去式有:isam-was是 are - were是 go-went去 buy bought买 take -took拿走,dodoes didfeed fed 喂 see saw 观察 eat ate吃 havehashad 有,吃feel felt感觉 ride rode骑 get got到达, 得到 can could能,会
2、 forgetforgot遗忘drink drank 喝 find found 找到2. 不定代词和不定副词的用法: somebodyanyoneeverythingnowhere(疑问副词) 不定代词和不定副词(1) 左边的 some、any 、every 、no 与右边的 body 、one、thing构成不定代词 ,some、any 、every 、no 与右边的疑问副词where 构成 不定副词 ;(2) 一般情形下以 some 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于确定句,以any 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no 开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one 为两个单
3、词) ;(3) 不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面;He has something importantto do. 他有重要的事情要做; (确定句用 something ,形容词 important放后)Did you buyanythingspecial.(一般疑问句用 anything,形容词 special放后)Did you goanywhere interesting last month.上个月你去令人感爱好的地方了吗? 一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere ,形容词 interesting放后 ( 4)不定代词和不定副词做主语 时,后面的动词用 单数形式 ;Eve
4、rone is here today.今日每个人都在这里;本单元的短语和学问点:1.P1 ,图片 go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains上山/ 进山2.P1 , 1astayat home呆在家 go to the beach 去海滩 visitmuseums 参观博物馆 goto summer camp去参观夏令营3.P2 , 2bstudy for tests为考试而学习备考go out出去4.P2 , 2dquite a few相当多 , 不少(后跟可数名词复数)He has quite a few friends.他有不少伴侣; take photo
5、s照相 most of the time大部分时间5. (P3, 语法表格 3 行buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣;6. (P3, 语法表格 4 行 taste good.尝起来很好taste (尝起来) 、look (看起来) 、sound (听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词The food tastes delicious.这食品尝起来特别可口; The T-shirt looks beautiful.这件体恤
6、衫看起来很美丽;The songs sound beautiful.这些歌曲听起来很美丽;7. ( P3, 语法表格 5 行 have a goodgreatfun time过得兴奋,玩得开心(=enjoy oneself) They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他们昨天玩得很高兴;8.P3,3a go shopping去购物9.P3,3b,4行 nothing,but+ 动词原形:除了 , 之外什么都没有He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday
7、.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做;10.P3,3b,5行 seem to do sth:似乎, I seem to know him.我似乎熟悉他; seem+( to be ) +形容词:看起来,The work seems ( to be )easy. 这工作看起来很简洁;11. ( P3,3c ) keep a diary记日记12.P5,2b,1行 in+大地方:达到某地( get to +地方 :达到某地)arriveat+小地方:达到某地get的过去式为 gotHe arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天达到北京;如是 arrive和 ge 后跟 home、
8、there 、 here 三个地点副词 ,后面的介词inatto必需去掉;Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrivedhome yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家;13.P5,2b,2行 decide to do sth:打算做某事He decided to go home.他打算回家;14.P5,2b,3行try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事The boy tried riding bicycle.这个小孩试着骑自行车He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮忙这个老年人
9、;15.P5,2b,4行 feel like给, 的感觉;感受到16.P5,2b,1段末行 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走enjoy doing sth:宠爱做某事He enjoys playing basketball.他宠爱打篮球;17.P5,2b,2段 1 行 difference名词,差异,差别- different形容词,不同的 18.P5,2b,2段 2 行 start doing sth:开头做某事( = start to do sth)He started doing his homework.他开头做家庭作业;19.P5,2b,2段 3 行ove
10、r an hour一个多小时( over 超过,余外 = more than)20.P5,2b,2段 4 行 too many太多,后接可数名词复数;Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天妈妈买了很多鸡蛋;too much太多,后跟不行数名词,修饰动词作状语;We have too much work to do. 我们有很多工作要做; Dont talk too much. 不要说太多;much too 太,后跟形容词或副词 The hat is much too big for me. 这帽子对我来说太大;Youre walking much to
11、o fast . 你走地太快了;辨论三者的口诀:too much, much too,用法区分看后头:much 后接不行数 ,too后修饰形或副;too many要记住,后面名词必复数;21.P5,2b,2段 6 行 because of由于, 后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing ),不能接句子;because 由于,后跟句子;He cantgo to schoolbecause ofthe rain.他由于下雨没去上学; ( rain为名词)He was late for schoolbecause ofgetting up late.他由于起晚而上学迟到; ( get 为动词)= He
12、 was late for schoolbecause he got up late.I don t buy the shirtbecause it was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衣由于它太贵;22.P5,2b,2段 8 行 enough 足够的 与名词连用,一般放在名词前He has enoughmoney . 他有足够的钱; money 为名词 enough 足够的 与形容词或副词连用,enough 放在后面;He isold enough to go to school. old为形容词 23. ( P6,2d, 倒数 4 行) doing sth.遗忘已经做过某事(
13、已经做完)forgetto do sth.遗忘去做某事(仍未做)forget的过去式为 forgot Dontfoget to close the door.不要遗忘关上门; (门仍未关)He forgot closing the door.他遗忘已经关上门了; (门已经关上,但是他忘了)24. ( P6,2e,5行) another+ 数字 +可数名词单数或复数 :额外多少某物He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一个苹果,仍想再要两个;25. ( P8,self check,2,6行) so+形容词 +that+ 句子 :如此,
14、以至于,too+ 形容词 +to do sth: 太, 以至于 不能 ,形容词 +enough to do sth: 足够, 能够做某事(留意三个句型有时可以互换)He is so young that he can t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学;= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻以至于不能去上学;= He isnt old enough to go to school.26. ( P8,self check,2,7行) tell sb not to do sth: 告知某人(不要)做某事My mother often te
15、lls us not to play in the street.我的妈妈常常告知我不要在街上玩;Unit 2 How often do you exercise.本单元的话题: 谈论生活习惯,复习一般现在时;本单元的语法: 1. 复习一般现在时;2. 学习表示频率副词的用法;主要频率副词的等级排序:always 总是 usually 通常 often常常 sometimes有时 hardly ever很少 never从不 这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、 be 动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前;即:“行”前“助 系 ”后 ; Peter is always late for scho
16、ol. Peter上学总是迟到;I usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作业;提问 always, sometimes, twice a day等频率副词,用 How oftenI watch TV every day.我每天都看电视How often do you watch TV.你多长时间看一次电视?本单元的短语和学问点:1.P9,图片、 1a on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看电影 help with housework帮忙做家务how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不2.P10,2
17、a至 2d2a:once a week每周一次 twice a week每周两次 every day每天2c:use the Internet用互联网2d: be free有空 Are you free on weekends.你周末有空吗?swing dance摇摆舞 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈和钢琴课 play tennis打网球How about ,., 怎么样? /, 好不好?(后跟名词代词 V ing) 用来提出看法或征求对方建议I likeapple s,how about you .我宠爱苹果,你呢?(apple, 名词,苹果) how abo
18、ut =what aboutHow aboutgoing shopping this afternoon?今日下午去购物怎么样?(go 为动词)3.P11, 语法表格 go shopping 购物4.P11,3a stay up late熬夜 at least 至少 go to bed early 早点睡觉 play sports 进行体育活动5.P11 , 3bafter school 放学后6.P12 , 1b want sth :需要某物 He wants a new pen. 他想要一支新钢笔;want to do sth : 想做某事 He wants to watch TV aft
19、er school.放学后他想去看电视;want sb to do sth : 让某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.妈妈让我早起;7.P12 , 1b be good for 对, 有好处 be bad for对, 有害处Swimming is good for our health.游泳对我们的健康有好处;Watching TV is bad for our eyes.看电视对我们的眼睛有害处;8. P13, 2a play computer games打电子嬉戏go camping去野营9.P13 , 2b, 1 行 ask sb about st
20、h:问某人某事My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母常常问我的学习情形;10. P13,2b,1 段 1 行 in one s spare time在某人业余时间He studies English in his spare time.他在业余时间学习英语;11.P13 ,2b ”数字 +percentof+ 名词 ”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情形;如名词为复数,后面的动词用复数形式;如名词为单数或不行数名词,后面的动词用单数形式;In our class ,twenty ofstudentsareboys.在我们班,百分之二十的同学 为男
21、生;Thirty ofwaterisdirty.百分之三十的 水是脏的;12.P13 , 2b, 2 段 3 行 not ,at all: 一点儿也不( not 构成否定句)Idont like the movie at all.我一点也不宠爱这部电影;13.P13 , 2b, 3 段go online上网14.P13 , 2b, 3 段 the answer to+名词 :, 的答案the answer to the question这个问题的答案15.P13 , 2b, 4 段 the most popular最受欢迎的although 虽然 不能与 but 连用,但可以与 yet ,st
22、ill连用;Although it is dark ,they are still working.虽然天黑了,但他们仍在工作;Although he is old ,he is quite strong.他虽然年龄大了,但身体很健壮;16.P13 , 2b, 5 段 1 行 the best way to do sth:做某事的 最好 方式The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的最好方法是说英语.17.P13 , 2b, 5 段 2 行such as比如 (后跟名词或名词短语)for example例如(后跟句子)He l
23、ikes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他宠爱水果,例如苹果、香蕉等;He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.他有很多好的方法学习英语,例如,他常常听磁带;18.P13 , 2b, 5 段 4 行 old habits die hard积习难改;19.P15 , 3a more than=over超过,余外go to the dentist去看牙医Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister.本单元
24、的话题: 谈论事物对比,学习形容词比较级;本单元的语法: 学习形容词比较级; (语法:见课本第113 页至 115 页) 本单元显现的形容词和副词的比较级 有:long longer长的 ,tall-taller高的 fast faster更快 ,funny funnier更好玩 friendlyfriendlier(更友好) ,early earlier(更早) ,lazy lazier更懒散 , high higher更高 , hardharder更努力 ,quiet quieter(更寂静,更内向) ,smart smarter (更聪慧) loud louder (更洪亮),goodw
25、ell-better 更好 manymuchmore 更多 ,popular more popular更受欢迎 loudly more loudly(更洪亮) outgoing-more outgoing更外向 / 更开朗 ,hard-working more hard-working(更努力) clearly more clearly(更清晰) serious more serious(更庄重)形容词和副词的比较级讲解:1. 比较级表示两个人或物的比较;所用的句型为“比较级 +than ”(比, 更, ) ,如 than 前后所使用的的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词,后面的动词或助动
26、词可以省略;留意比较的对象必需性质相同; I am taller than my brother.我比我的弟弟高;He is more outgoing than me.他比我外向;2. 比较级前, 可以用 much(更, , 多得多, ) ,a lot (更, , 多得多, ) ,even (更, , 多得多, ) , a little略微 来表示程度; I ama littlethinner than my sister.我比我的妹妹略微瘦; She ismuchmore beautifulthan her sister.她比她的妹妹更美丽;本单元的短语和学问点:1.P17,图片 play
27、+the +乐器 play the drums打鼓比较 play +球类play basketball打篮球both ,and,两者都 后面的动词用复数形式Both Tom and Jim are students.汤姆和吉姆都是学生;2.P18,2dthe singing competition歌咏竞赛 the most important最重要的3. ( P20,1a ) be good at+名词 代词 V ing: 善于,在某方面做得好He is good atmath . 他善于数学( math 为名词) I am good atplaying basketball.我善于打篮球;p
28、lay为动词 4. ( P20,1a ) make sb do sth: 让某人做某事 He makes me help him.他让我帮忙他;5. ( P20,1b ) the same as与, 相同His book is the same as my book.他的书与我的书一样;6. ( P20,1b ) be talented in sth: 在某方面有天赋 He is talented in music.他在音乐方面有天赋;7. ( P21,2b,1段 2 行) be like: 像,The books are like friends.书像伴侣;8. ( P21,2b,1段) m
29、ake friends with sb:(和某人)交伴侣 He often makes friends with children.他常常和孩子们交伴侣. enjoy doing sth: 宠爱做某事 Tom enjoys reading.汤姆宠爱读书;9. ( P21,2b,2段) be different from与, 不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟与我不一样;10. ( P21,2b,2段) help sb to do sth: 帮忙某人做某事常与 help sb with sth在某方面帮忙某人 互换 He often helps me(
30、to ) learn English.他常常帮忙我学习英语; = He often helps me with my English.他常常在英语方面帮忙我;help to do sth:帮忙做某事He often helps( to ) cook at home.他常常在家帮忙做饭;11. ( P21,2b,3段) care about关怀My parents often care about my study.我的父母亲常常关怀我的学习.12. ( P22,2d ) 比较级表示最高级常用: 比较级 +than +the other+可数名词复数=比较级 +than +any other+可
31、数名词单数 (用于一范畴内一个与余下进行比较)例如:He is the tallest student in our class .(最高级)在我们班他是最高的同学;= He is taller than any other student in our class.= He is taller than the other students in our class.在我们班,他比其他的同学高;(在我们班,他与他之外的其他的同学进行比较)shanghai is the biggest city in china.上海是中国最大的城市;13. ( P24,4 )be good with sb:
32、与某人相处很好The teacher is good with students.这位老师与同学相处很好;14. ( P24,4 )information( n. 消息,信息)不行数名词Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater.本单元的话题: 谈论事物对比,学习形容词和副词的最高级;本单元的语法: 学习形容词和副词的最高级;1. 形容词和副词的最高级常用于表示三者或三者以上进行比较,后面可用of 或 in 短语表示比较的范畴; He is the tallestin his class. 在他那个班,他是最高的;Tom studies the bestof the
33、 three students. 在这三个同学中汤姆学习最好2. 形容词和副词的最高级前常常有the 副词的最高级前的the 可以省略 ,例如:He isthe talleststudent in our class.在我们班他是最高的同学; ( tall为形容词, the不能省)汤姆在他那个学校跑得最快; ( fast为副词修饰动词run,the可以省略)Tom runs thefastestin his school.3. 比较级也可以表示最高级的含义,见Unit3,12讲解;本单元显现的形容词和副词的最高级 有:good 好 best,badbadly坏的 worst,frest新奇的
34、frestest, big大 biggestfast快的 -fastest new新的 newest cheap廉价的 cheapest funny好玩的 - funniest close近的 closest short矮的 shortest quiet(寂静的,内向的)quietest expensive昂贵的 most expensive,popular受欢迎的 most popular,quikcly快地 most quikclybeautiful美丽的 most beautiful,comefortable舒适的 most comefortablecheaply (廉价地) most
35、cheaplycarefully认真地,细心地 most carefully boring无聊的 most boringexciting令人兴奋的 most exciting interesting(令人感爱好的) most interestingserious庄重的,认真的 most serious creative有制造力的 most creative,talented有天赋的 most talented本单元的短语和学问点:1. ( P26, 2d,2 行) welcome to+地点:欢迎来到某地Welcome to our school.欢迎来我校;2. ( P27 语法表) Wha
36、t do you think of sth.=How dou you like sth.你认为 .怎么样?What do you think of the book.你认为这本书怎么样?It is boring.很无聊;3. ( P29, 2b,1 段 2 行) watch sb do sth: 观察某人做了某事( = see sb do sth)I watched him play basketball yesterday.昨天我观察他打篮球了;4. ( P29, 2b,1 段 3 行) 比较级别 +and+ 比较级:越来越,(如比较级为 more+形容词原级,就为:more and mor
37、e形容词原级)more and more beautifulThe buildings aretaller and taller. 楼房越来越高;Our school is getting. 我们的学校正在变得越来越美丽;5. ( P29,2b,1段末行) around the world全世界 =all over the world,such as例如Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show.本单元的话题: 谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好,学会表达自己的感受;本单元的语法: 复习一般现在时;本单元的短语和学问点:1.P33,图片 What do you
38、think of sth.=How dou you like sth.你认为 ,怎么样? What do you think of the movie.你认为这部电影怎么样?It is boring.很无聊;2.P33,图片 (补充) mind doing sth: 介意做某事Would you mind opening the door. 你介意打开门吗? Of course not. 当然不介意;3.P33,1a news 不行数名词 ,消息,信息 a piece of good news 一条好消息4.P34,2b,2 行 learn sth from sb : 向某人学习(某物)We
39、is learning English from the teacher.我们正在向这位老师学习英语;5.P34,2c,1行 plan to do sth:方案做某事( plan的过去式 pla nned, 现在分词 pla nning )He is planning to visit Beijing.他正在方案拜访北京;6.P34,2c,4行 hope to do sth: 期望做某事He hopes to meet the famous singer.他期望与这位闻名歌手的见面;7.P34,2d,2行 have a discussion about sth: 争论(某物)They had
40、a discussion about the movie yesterday昨天他们争论了这部电影;8.P34,2d,倒数 5 行 favorite 形容词,最宠爱的= like,bestMy favorite shows are talk shows.我最宠爱的节目是谈话节目;=I like talk shows best. 9.P34,2d,倒数 2 行 expect to do sth: 期望做某事The girl alaways expects to meet her favorite actor.这个女孩总是期望与他最宠爱的演员见面;10.P37,2b,1段 2 行 think of
41、认为,想起 He often thinks of his teachers.他常常想起他的老师;11.P37,2b,1段倒数 2 行 in the 1930s: 在二十世纪三十岁月(1930 年至 1939 年)in the 2022s:在二十一世纪10 岁月( 2022 年至 2022 年)12.P37,2b,2段 2 行 one of +可数名词复数: , 之一(该短语放在句首做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式) One of the studentshas an English dictionary.这些同学中一个人有英语字典;13.P37,2b,2段 3 行 try to do sth:尽
42、力做某事 He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮忙这老人;try doing sth:试着做某事 The boy tried riding a bicycle.这个孩子试着骑自行车;14. P37,2b,2段 3 行 luck 名词,幸运 , 运气 lucky形容词 , 幸运的 -unlucky 形容词 , 不幸的 15.P37,2b,2段 5 行 be ready to do sth愿意做某事He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人;16.P37,2b,2段 5 行 try ones best( to do sth) :
43、尽力(做某事)He often tries his best to help me.他总是尽力帮忙我;17.P39 , 3a,3 行 take one s place:代替,替换take的过去式为tookOur English teacher wasnt at school,Mr. Wang took her place to teach us English.我们英语老师不在学校,王老师代替她教我们英语;Unit6Im going to study computer science.本单元的话题: 谈论自己将来的方案或准备;本单元的语法: 学习一般将来时be going to do sth;be goingto+ 动词原形 表示将来的准备、方案或支配;常与表示将来的tomorrow,next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用;I am going to visit my grandparents this Sunday.这个星期天我准备去探望我的爷爷奶奶;Are you going to play basketball with me tomorrow.你准备明天和我一起