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1、九年级英语 Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected. 学问点本单元语法：过去完成时；过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点以前即“过去的过去 ”已经发生的动作；Mr. Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作；它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去 ”； 过去完成时的结构是：确定由“助动词 had用于各种人称和数 +过去分词 ”构成否定式： had not + 过去分词缩写形式： hadn t 过去完成时的时间状语： 表示过去某一时间可用by,
2、before等构成的短语；by the timeby the end ofWe had finished our homework before 10 o clock. 可能通过 when, before 等引导的从句表示；When I got there, the train had left. 过去某一时间通过上下文来表示；Kate hadn t studied hard, so she didn t pass the exam yesterday.1. unexpectedadj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的expectv.expect/wish sb. to do sth期. 盼某人做某事
3、 the unexpected “意外的事情 ”“出乎意料的事 ”；the adj. 表示一类人或事物； the homeless 无家可归者thedisabled残疾人 the wounded战争中受伤的人 the injured事故中受伤的人 2.by the time+时间状语从句（1） ）时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时 （表示将来）,主句用将来完成时；（2） ）时间状语从句是一般过去式时,主句用过去完成时；by the end of +时间点（1） ）+过去的时间点,主句用过去完成时；（2） ）+将来的时间点,主句用将来完成时； by+时间点（1） ）+现在的时间点,主句用现在完成时
4、；（2） ）+过去的时间点,主句用过去完成时；（3） ）+将来的时间点,主句用将来完成时；By the time you came back, I had finished this book.By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for Beijing. By the end of last year, I had stayed in Xinzheng for seven years. By now, I have finished all my homework.3.oversleep =sleep latev 睡过头sle
5、ep slept sloevpetrsleep overslept oversleptWhat happened . I .A. oversleepB. oversleepedC. overslept4. give sb. a lift =give sb. a ride / give a ride to sb.捎某人一程 ”,“The poor old woman was standing in the middle of the road and asked someone to.A. give him a ride B. give her a ride C. enjoy a ride D.
6、 accept a ride5. leave 与 forget 的用法 :(1) leave遗“留,落下,遗忘带 ”,侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方,后常跟地点状语；(2) forget忘“记”,侧重指遗忘某件事情,后常跟 to do 忘了要去做 或 doing忘了做过 ； remember to doremember doing.leave left l离eft开v(1) leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地(2) leave for +地点目的地 离开去某地(3) leave a message留言 ask for leave 请假 leave school中 学 毕业(4) le
7、ave one by oneself=leave sb. alon把e 某人单独留下6. when 的特别用法 “这时,突然 ”,用于四种结构 1be doing sth.whenI was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 2be on the point of doing sth.whenShe was on the point of going out when the telephone rang3be about to do sth.whenWe were about to start when it began to rai
8、n.4.sb. had hardly/scarcely/barely done sth. when We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.另：be about to 忙于；即将做某事 ；侧重于表示动作立刻就要发生, 常与 when 引导的从句连用,但不与详细的时间状语连用；7. be full of = be filled with 布满,装满fillwith.The basket is full of apples. = The basket is filled with apples.8. get/go/come/be back to
9、 school=return to scho意ol为“回到学校 ”1) get back to 后接表地点的名词,意为 “回到某地 ” ;2) get back to 后面接人 ,可引申为 “回复某人的信件, 电子邮件,电话” 等 ；3) get back 仍可表示 “回来,返回,拿回,取回 ”等含义；4) give back=return 归仍9. My alarm clock didn t go off.go off 发出响声 ,闹钟 闹响 The alarm went off just now.go over 复习 go away 离开 go by 时间过去 go for a walk
10、出去漫步 go on 连续 go + doing 去做某事go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼 /去买东西 /去溜冰 /去游泳10. rush out 冲出去 ,冲出 wait in line with 意为“与 排队等候 ”stand in line 站成一排 cut in line 插队stare at 注视in disbelief 不信任 turn/change into 变 land on 意为“着陆；降落于 ” be latefor迟 到keepdoingsth一 直 做 .wakeup醒 来wake-woke-woken11. even i
11、f / even though/ though/although 都可以引导让步状语从句 ；Even if =even though 即使“、纵然”引出的从句表达的是假设或把握很大的事情though “虽然”,引出的从句表达的是事实；I will try even if I may fail.Though it was very late, he went on working.注 though 和 but 不能同时显现在句中；12. above1) prep（表示位置）在 正上方；（与 below 相对） The moon is now above the trees.2) prep 表示在
12、位置、级别、才能、资格、重要性等方面“超过”He is above me in every way.3) adv. 在“上面 ; 在上文 ”；See the examples given above.2000 meters above the sea leve海l 拔 2000 米13. alive, living, live与 lively lively1）live “活着的 ”,通常指物,不指人 ,常用来作定语放名词的前面；仍指“实况转播的 ”；例如：a live fish一条活鱼；Do you like a live show or a recorded show .2）living 意
13、为“活着”强调说明 “尚在人间 ”,“健在”,可用来指人或物 , 作 定 语 或 表 语 ； 例 如 ： .My first teacher is still living .English is a living language .A living language should be learned through listening and speaking . He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present .留意： living 前加上 the , 表示类别,指 “活着的人们 ”；例如：The living m
14、ust finish the work of those dead .living 仍可用于短语,例如： make a living by doing谋生；3） alive 意为 “活着 ”,侧重说明生与死之间的界限 原来会死但没有死,既可指人,也可指物 ；可用来作表语, 后置定语 或宾补；例如： He is dead , but his dog is still alive .He wanted to keep the fish alive. This is a fish alive.4） lively 就意为 “活泼的 ”,“活跃”,“布满愤怒的 ”,可作定语、表语或宾补,既可指人,又可指
15、物；例如：Jenny is a lively girl . Everything is lively here 这.儿一 切都 生气 勃勃；He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting .live物定语现场的living人/物定语、表语Makealiving/the livingalive人/物后置定语 、表语、宾补生与死的界限lively人/物定语、表语、宾补愤怒勃勃的 ,无活着的意思1. Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldestwriter. He isstil
16、l.A. living; aliveB. living; livingC. alive; livingD. alive; lively2.Is his grandmother still. Yes, she is 102 years old.A. liveB. livingC. aliveD. Lively 14.take off 在此句中意为 “起飞”,off 在此为副词表示 “离开；走开 ”； take off也有“脱下”之意,此时 off 为介词,后可直接跟宾语；Take off your coat. Its hot outside脱. 下你的外套,外面酷热；15. The other
17、planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. till 意为“到,直到 ”,相当于 until.用于确定句时 , 主句的动词只用连续性的, 它所表示的动作始终延续到 till 或 until 表示的时间为止,意为 “直到 为止”；She watched TV till her mother came back 用于否定句时,主句的动词一般是非连续性的,也可以是连续性的,它所表示的动作直到 till 或 until 所表示的时间才发生,意为 “直到（才） ”；She didn t watch TV till her mother cam
18、e back.16. on April Fool s D愚a人y 节make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人17. embarrass v使 尴 尬 embarrassed adj.尴 尬 的 用 来 修 饰人 embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的（修饰物）18. invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地 Thanks for your invitation= Thanks for asking/inviting me. 19.show up 出席 on show =on display 展览 show off
19、 炫耀 show sb. around 带某人参观 show sb. sth=show sth to sb向某人展现某物20. play tricks on sb. 戏弄某人 play jokes on sb对. at 嘲笑 make fun of 取笑某人开玩笑laughIts impolite to laugh at, stare at or playon disabled peopleA. funB. jokesC. tricksD. parts21. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti
20、 as they could. as +adj./adv.+ as sb. can / could = as + adj./adv.+ as possible.尽可能的We must do everything as possible. = We must do everything as wellas we can.22. sell out 卖光 （用物作主语时,常用于被动语态be sold ou）tgive out 分发=hand out 分发 work out 解答出（人） run out of 用完 （物） run out 用完 go out 出去find out 查明look out
21、=be careful=take care 当心take out 拿出 put out 熄灭cut out 删除23. find out, look for 与 find1find out 强调经过调查、询问、讨论等曲折过程后才能找出；如：Please find out when the train leaves. 2look for 意为“查找 ”,强调查找的过程；3find 意为 “发觉,找到 ”,强调查找的结果；24. end up doing sth（. 以）终止；I must make good use of my spare time, or I will end up doing
22、 nothing.end up as最终成为He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm. end up sth. 表示“终止某事 ”The scientist ended up his speech at last.end up with sth. （以 ）终止Thestudents began withspeaking English, but ended up with speaking Chinese.at the end of在末尾in the end=at last=finally 最终25. marry v
23、嫁娶(1) A marry B.“与A B 结婚”Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.(2) A and B get married = A and B are marriedA 和 B 结婚get married 结婚 Kate and Tom get married last year.(3) marry A to B “把 A 嫁给 B” She married her daughter to a rich man.(4) be/get married to sb 与 结婚26.1当 hundred/ thousand/million/billion
24、 前面有详细的数字时,用单数形式2当 hundred/ thousand/million/billion 后与 of 连用时用复数形式,详细的不加 s 也不加 of,不详细的加 s 也加 of 27.How do you feel about .= What do you think of.= How do you like.“你怎样看待 .” 用于提问对方对某事物的观点28.hear 短语hear 可用作及物动词,表示 “听到 ”、“听见”,侧重于听的结果；如：Im very sorry to hear that.hear 后面仍可以跟 that 从句,I hear that youve b
25、een here for several years.(2) hear of/about 是指间接地 “听到”“听说”后接名词性质的词；如： I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他；hear of 与 hear about 的意义相近它们含有 “听人说起 ”,“从书报上看到关于 ”等意义I ve never heard of him我. 从来没有听说过他；Have you heard about him from anywhere.你从什么地方听到过他吗？(3) hear from sb.=get/receive a letter from
26、sb.指“收到 的来信” 其宾语应是人,而不是信；如：I often hear from my parents.我常常收到父母的来信；29.get/be dressed 穿衣服wear 穿,戴（强调状态）宾语可以是衣帽 ,也可以是饰物、奖章等；You d better wear blue orlabck pants with blown shoes.put on穿,戴（强调动作） 后接衣服、 鞋帽等 ；I want you to put on this coat and this hat.dress给 穿衣服宾语通常是人, 意思是 “给 穿衣服 ”；dress oneself 或 get dr
27、essed表示给自己穿衣服 ；It s time to wake up and get dressed.in 后接表示衣服或颜色的词, 着重于服装的款式或颜色； 它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语； He was in a new black coat. The girl in red is my sister.30. keep 用法 1.keep +形容词2.keep+sth/sb +形容词3.keep +doing 始终做某事4. keep/stop/prevent sb. . from doing .阻. 止做某事；5. keep a pet饲养一个宠物6. How long may I k
28、eep this book ？ keep 指借；由非连续性动词到连续性动词的转换：arrive be here beginstart be ondie be dead come back be backleave be away fromfallillsick,asleep be illsick,asleepgetup beup go out be outfinish be overput on wear或 be onopen be openjoin be i或nbe a member ofclose be closedgo to school be a studentborrow keepb
29、uy/get havecatcha cold havecaoldget to know know begin to study studycome to work work move to live infinish/end be over come to be insit down be seatedmarry be marrieddress be dressedHe has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了；His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了；The film has been on fo
30、r ten minutes.电影已开头非常钟了；We have studied English for three years我. 们（开头）学英语已三年了；How long can I keep this book.这本书我可以借多长时间？31. get up 起床32. take a shower / get in the shower洗澡33.be 5 minutes late for 迟到 5 分钟34.in the backpack 在书包 / 背包里35. get back to school回到学校36. start/begin teaching= start/begin to
31、do开头上课 337. brush one s te刷et牙h38. wash one s fa洗ce脸39. at least 反义： at most 最多）至少40. find a job 找到一个工作41. at the World Trade Center 在世贸中心42. arrive at + 小地点 / arrive in+ 大地点 = get to sp. = reach sp. 到达某地特别点 here/there/home/abroad43. What is going on= What is happenin.g 发生什么 同义句 44. feel lucky to do
32、 sth 做某事感到很幸运45. jump out of 跳出46. go straight to sp .直接到某地47. get a chance an opportunity to say goodbye得到一个机会说再见48. a costume party一个化妆舞会49. all night 整夜50. take place 发生happen51. sth. happens to sb某. 人发生某事sb. happen to do sth.某人碰巧做某事52. lose weight减肥 put on weight增肥53. move across穿越54. run away 逃
33、离 run away from sp. 从某地逃离escape逃跑55. the luckiest day最幸运的一天56. in the middle of the road在路中间57.lead to 通向；导致58. cancel a plan 取消一个方案59. miss doing sth.错过做某事60. a bowl of.一碗 .61. leave my backpack at home把背包忘在家里62. miss both events错过两个大事63. raise above the burning building从正在燃烧的楼上升起64. collect the ma
34、th homework收数学作业65. complete the work for my boss完成老板的工作66. make the apple pie制作苹果馅饼67. add the green beans加绿豆荚68. fear spread across the whole country惧怕席卷整个国家69. the unluckiest day of my life一生中最不幸的一天70. head west 向西行驶71. turn around 调头72. make an unexpected discovery作一个出乎意料的发觉73. it was two blocks
35、 east from my office它在离我办公室东面两个街区的地方74. take a holiday=have a holiday度假 75.what bad luck76. the day before前一天77. call sb = telephone/phone/ring sb 78.there would be+n79. land on the earth在地球着陆80.a piece/slice of + U一片 a piece of 比较泛,一块,一片,一件等等都可以用 a piece of表示 a slice of特地指一片（切片,用刀切下来的一片）83.stay up
36、late 熬夜；睡得很晚stay up 熬夜不睡My Most Unlucky DayToday is my most unlucky day. Yesterday Ihad a lot of homework to do, so I stayed up too late last night. And today my clock didn t go off, so I got up too late. After I got up, I found my bike was broken. Then I ran to the bus stop. Unfortunately, by the t
37、ime I reached there, the bus had left. When I got to school, the teacher had begun her class. When I sat at my seat, I realized I had left my backpack at home. At noon I wanted to have lunch, and I found I had no money. After school, I couldngt o into my room because I had left my keys at school.Wha
38、t an unlucky day it is.【重点句子】1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.当我起床时,我哥哥已经进了浴室了；2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already gone.当我出来时,公汽已经走了；3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.当我到达学校时,我才意识到我把背包忘在家里了；4. By the time I walked int
39、o class, the teacher had started teaching already.当我走进教室时,老师已经开头讲课了；5. By the time Iarrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up.当我到达晚会时, 其他的每个人都已经到了；6. When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans.当他把面条放进碗里时,他意识到他忘了添加绿豆荚了；7. Before she got
40、a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.在她得到一个向他辞别的机会之前,他已经进入楼房了；8. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.当我出来的时候,公共汽车已经走了；by the time 作连词引导时间状语从句, 当从句用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时； 当从句用一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时或将来完成时；如：By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself等.到了十岁的时候,汤姆自己建了一
41、个化学试验室；I ll be in bed by the time you get hom你e.到家时,我已经上床睡觉了；9. When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home. 当她到学校时,她意识到她把背包忘在家里了；表示 “把某物忘在某处 ”要用词组 leave sth in a place；如： Ive left my umbrella at home.我把伞忘在家里了；I left my book on the desk. 我把书忘在桌子上；forget 意为“遗忘某物 ”,指遗忘一件详细的东
42、西,但不能有详细的地点；如： I forgot my umbrella yesterday. 我昨天忘了带伞；Dont forget the cases. 别忘了带箱子；3. above adv. 在上面above 的用法（ 1）作介词在 上面The moon is now above the trees. 月亮正位于树梢上；在之上,超过They are children above six years old. 他们是六岁以上的孩子；高于；优于；赛过In the company, Dick ranks above Tom. 在公司里,迪克的位置比汤姆高；不屑于；不致于He considere
43、d himself above doing such things. 他自认为是不会去做那种事的；（ 2）作副词在上面；向上面There are snowy peaks above. 上面是白雪皑皑的群峰；（级别、数目等）更高；更大；更多Men and women of eighteen and above are eligible to vote.年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权；在上文See the examples given above. 见上述例子；（ 3）作名词上文；上述事实In addition to all of the above, she won a Prize in 1
44、980. 除上述外,她仍在 1980 年获奖；4. alive adj. 活着的；有愤怒的alive, living 与 live（ 1）alive 主要用作表语 （有时可用作后置定语, 但不用作前置定语）,可用于人或动物；如： He must be still alive. 他肯定仍活着；注：如 alive 本身有修饰语,就也可用作前置定语；如： He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个非常活跃的同学；（ 2）living 可用作表语或定语,可用于人或物；如：Are your grandparents still living？ 你的祖父母仍健在吗？alive 和 living 表示“活着的 ”,两者含义很接近, 只要句法适合, 有时可互换；如：谁是当代最宏大的诗人？Who is the greatest living poe？tWho is the greatest poet aliv？e如需严格区分,两者仍有差别： living 通常是客观描述某人 “尚在人间 ”或“健在”,而 alive 就主要指生与死的 “界限”；如：He was still alive when I reached the hospital当.我赶到医院时他仍活着；（ 3）live 通常只用作定语（前置） ,可用于动物