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1、Unit 6 Animals in Danger语言点编稿：王春霞 审稿： 陈玉莲学习目标重点词汇condition, protect, wonder, concerned, reserve, focus, pack, struggle, confiscate, illegal重点短语at a time, put down, a danger, on the spot, get tough with, set up重点句型the way句型only ifIts a pity thatseem知识讲解重点词汇condition【原句回放】The small group of officials
2、who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres. 在保护区工作的一小组政府官员得到了来自全国各地的、愿意忍受海拔5,000米的恶劣生活环境的志愿者们的支援。【点拨】condition C n. 条件，目前的状况；(复数)环境，情形；U n. 健康状况；良好状况常用结构：in/out of condition 健康状况好不好make i
3、t a condition that 以为条件on/upon condition that 如果；在条件下on this/that condition 在这个/那个条件下Athletes must be in top condition at all time.运动员必须时刻保持良好的状态。What are conditions like in your country now?你们国家现在的形势怎么样？【拓展】易混辨析：condition, situation, statecondition侧重于“环境”，“条件”，“健康状况”。situation侧重于外部环境，强调各种情况之间的关系及这些
4、情况与人之间的关系。state强调人或事物所处的状态或状况，常用单数。protect 【原句回放】an area of land where animals are protected 一个动物受到保护的地方【点拨】protect vt. (常与from, against连用)保护He raised his arm to protect his face.他举起手臂护住脸部。【拓展】易混辨析：defend, protect, guard defend的意思是“保卫，捍卫”，指抵抗或防御外来的威胁或攻击；它还可以表示在诉讼或理论上进行辩护，常用于defend sb./ sth. (from/ag
5、ainst sb./ sth.)句型。He defended his point successfully.他成功地为自己的论点辩护。protect是“保护，防御”的意思，指采取某种掩护措施保障安全，以免遭危险损害，常用于protect sb./ sth. (against/ from sth.)句型。You need put on more clothes to protect you against the cold.你需要多穿几件衣服御寒。guard用作及物动词时，是“守卫，警戒，看守”的意思，目的是维护安全，防备危险发生；用作不及物动词时，作“防范，警惕”解，常用于guard agai
6、nst sth.句型。The soldiers guarded the gate of the barracks.士兵们守卫着兵营的大门。wonder【原句回放】One of the wonders of the insect world 昆虫世界的奇迹之一【点拨】wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹，奇观；vt. & vi. 感到惊奇；惊叹，觉得好奇；想知道常用结构：seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇观do/work wonders 创造奇迹，取得惊人效果Its a wonder that 奇怪的是，是个奇迹Its no/ little/ small wonder 并
7、不奇怪；不足为奇No wonder that 难怪注意：1. wonder作“想知道”讲时，常与wh-从句连用或与whether从句或if从句连用。如果与that从句连用，从句常用否定形式，表示“对觉得不可思议，奇怪”。如果其后接不定式时，也表示“感到奇怪”。2. 作不及物动词时，后常接at，about或不定式。3. I wonder if (whether) (我想知道可否)结构，表示委婉的请求。We were wondering about next April for the wedding.我们寻思着明年四月举行婚礼。She wondered at her own stupidity.
8、她没想到自己会这样愚蠢。I was wondering whether youd like to come to a party.不知您能否来参加聚会。【拓展】wonderful adj. 精彩的，令人赞叹的；wonderfully adv. 非常地，异乎寻常地concerned【原句回放】Im concerned about the future of wildlife in Africa. 我担心非洲野生动物的未来。【点拨】concerned adj. 挂念的，担心的；有关的I am very concerned about her.我非常挂念她。【拓展】concern vt. 关于；对有
9、关系；影响；关系；担心，担忧；挂念；(常与about，over，for连用)关心；关照；n. 有利害关系；所关切的事；关心，关怀，关照；担心，担忧Attend to what concerns you.注意与你有关的事物。This concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.这对孩子们的健康成长影响极大。Were rather concerned about fathers health.我们相当担心父亲的健康。The managing directors only concern was how to improve the qual
10、ity of the products.总经理只关心如何提高产品的质量。She showed great concern about you.她很为你担心。reserve 【原句回放】Most of the red wolves live in reserves. 大多数红狼生活在保护区里。【点拨】reserve n. 保留地，保护区；储备，保留；v. 预定（座位、席位、房间等），预留，保留常用结构：a forest reserve 自然森林保护区have or keep grain in reserve 储存粮食I agreed without reserve.我毫无保留地同意了。speak
11、 with reserve 说话谨慎Ill reserve a table for five.我要预订一张5人的桌子。These seats are reserved for special guests. 这些座位是留给贵宾的。 Id prefer to reserve (my) judgment (= not make a decision) until I know all the facts. 在了解全部事实之前我不想发表意见。 The management reserves the right to refuse admission. 管理部门有权拒绝接收。 All rights r
12、eserved. 版权所有。 【拓展1】reservation n. 预定，预约【拓展2】reserve, conserve, preserve都是动词，reserve比较常见，是指为“留作后用”的保留、预订，可指保留座位、权利、意见等等。conserve侧重“为了减少浪费”而进行的保护，而且强调对有价值的东西非常珍惜，并合理的使用。preserve则不光是指“保留”，还强调保留下来“收藏”，使东西完好无损，侧重“为了不至于灭绝、损坏”而进行的保护。conserve 节省，节约；保护，保存，保藏Help to conserve energy by insulating your home. 对
13、房屋做隔热处理来帮助节约能源。 new laws to conserve wildlife in the area 保护该地区野生动物的新法令 preserve 保护，维护，保留；维持的原状，保存，保养；贮存，保鲜；使继续存活，保护，保全 He was anxious to preserve his reputation. 他急于维护自己的名声。 Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. 维护和平的努力失败了。 a perfectly preserved 14th-century house 一座保存完好的14世纪宅第Is he really 60?
14、 Hes remarkably well preserved. 他真有60岁了吗？他真会保养啊。This vase has been preserved intact. 这个花瓶保存得完好无损。 olives preserved in brine 盐水橄榄 Wax polish preserves wood and leather. 上光蜡可保护木材和皮革。 The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。focus【原句回放】The focus of atte
15、ntion has changed, too. 注意的焦点也改变了。【点拨】focus n. 焦点，集中点，中心；v. 集中，使集中于焦点常用结构：be a focus of attention/ concern 成为关注的焦点bring into focus 使焦点集中在focus (sth.) on/ upon 集中(注意力、精力)于You must try to focus your mind on/ upon work and study. 你应该努力把思想集中在工作和学习上。The incident brought the problem of violence in schools
16、 into focus. 这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点问题。【拓展】相关短语：concentrate ones attention/ efforts/ thoughts on. 把注意力/努力/思想集中到fix ones attention on. 集中注意力于put ones mind/ heart in (into) 专心于be absorbed in. 一心一意于apply oneself/ ones mind to. 专心于pay attention to 专心，注意pack【原句回放】It is a shy animal which hunts at night, alone or i
17、n small packs. 它是一种比较胆小的动物，在夜间捕食，有时单个行动，有时几只一起行动。【点拨】pack 一群，几只常用结构：in packs 成群a pack of 一群Canyoutellmewhywolveshuntinpacks?你能告诉我为什么狼成群猎食吗？Apack ofwolves are hunting together.一群狼正在猎食。【拓展】pack的其他意思：a pack of cloth 一捆布a back pack trip 背着背包的徒步旅行a pack of matches 一盒火柴a pack of cards 一副牌earn a pack of mo
18、ney 赚一大堆钱a pack of hoodlums 一群流氓struggle【原句回放】What can we do to help them in their struggle for survival? 我们能做些什么去帮助他们求生呢？【点拨】struggle n. 打斗，奋斗，挣扎，斗争；v. 斗争，奋斗，挣扎；艰难地行进常用结构：struggle against/with sb.与某人争斗/作斗争struggle for 为而斗争/奋斗struggle to do sth. 挣扎着/努力地做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来a struggling mus
19、ician 一个努力奋斗的音乐家She struggled to bring up her child alone. 她辛辛苦苦地一个人把孩子养大。The young singer is struggling for recognition now. 这个年轻的歌手正在努力奋斗以获得认可。They are struggling through the snow to get help. 他们正在雪中挣扎着前行去寻求帮助。confiscate【原句回放】Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicle
20、s confiscated. 在接下来的十年间大约3000名偷猎者被抓，300辆机动车被没收。【点拨】confiscate v. （通常作为惩罚）没收，把充公常用结构：confiscate sth. from sb. 把某物从某人手里没收There is concern that police use the law to confiscate assets from people who have committed minor offences.有人担心警方利用该法罚没犯下轻罪的人的财产。They confiscated weapons, ammunition and propaganda
21、 material.他们没收了武器、弹药和宣传材料。【拓展】confiscation n. 没收The new laws allow the confiscation of assets purchased with proceeds of the drugs trade.新的法律允许没收用毒品交易所获收益购置的资产。illegal【原句回放】The business is completely illegal. 这种交易完全不合法。【点拨】illegal adj. 不合法的，违法的illegal drugs 违法药物illegal activities 不法活动It is illegal t
22、o park your car here. 此处停车违法。【拓展】illegally adv. 非法地；legal adj. 合法的；司法的；legally adv. 合法地The one who broke into the computer system of the bank illegally by Internet and spread virus was taken to court.那个通过因特网非法侵入银行的电脑系统并传播病毒的人被告上了法庭。What I did was perfectly legal.我所做的绝对合法。He vowed to take legal actio
23、n.他誓言要采取法律行动。The school is legally responsible for your childs safety.学校对你的孩子负有法律上的安全责任。重点短语at a time【原句回放】Often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies，whose wool is not worth so much那些偷猎者常常在夜间出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些皮毛不怎么值钱的幼崽。【点拨】at a time 一次，每次
24、Female sheep produce one or two lambs at a time.母羊一次生一两只羊羔。Take two pills at a time.每次服两粒药。We had to go and see the headmaster one at a time.我们得一次一个去见校长。【拓展】含有time的短语： at one time 曾经，一度at no time 决不，在任何时候都不at all times 随时，总是at that time 那时，当时all the time 一直，总是 in no time立即，马上 for the time being 暂时，眼
25、下for the first time 第一次（作状语）the first time 第一次（引导状语从句）I did this for the first time. 我第一次做这个。I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。 At one time there were not so many cars on the streets.从前街上没有这么多车。put down【原句回放】He shouted to the poachers to put down their guns
26、. 他大声地喊叫着，要偷猎者放下他们的枪。 【点拨】put down 放下；镇压；压下；记下；(飞机)着陆put down the riot 镇压暴动Put down your books, please. 请把你的书放下。Please put down what I said.请将我说的记下来。I took out my pen to put down his address.我拿出笔记下他的地址。 The engine failed and the pilot had to put the plane down in the sea.发动机出了毛病，驾驶员只得使飞机在海上降落。【拓展】含有
27、put的相关短语： put on 穿上，戴上；增加，提高put away 把收起来put forward 提出；建议put out 使熄灭；发行，出版；使恼怒put aside 储存；备用put back 拖延，延误；把(钟表)拨慢put off 推迟，使延期put up 建造，搭建，张贴，提高（价格），留宿set up【原句回放】The organization set up an office in Beijing. 这个组织在北京设立了办事处。【点拨】set up 设立，成立They broke away from the national union and set up their
28、own local organization.他们摆脱了全国联盟并成立了自己的地方组织。I couldnt afford more than a broom cupboard tosetupoffice in. 我的钱也就够搞一间鸡窝大的办公室。Edison set up chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.爱迪生10岁就建立了他自己的化学实验室。注意：set up用于把某物架起来或立起来（既可具体也可抽象），有与establish相同的意思，只是比较口语化。put up（建造，搭建）用于搭盖临时性的房屋。在现代英语中，put up与build没
29、有多大区别，只是更为通俗一些。He was putting up a new fence at his home.他正在为自己家搭建新的篱笆墙。The two sides agreed to set up a commission to investigate claims.双方同意组建一个委员会来调查那些索赔要求。The school was established in 1989 by an Italian professor.这所学院由一名意大利教授于1989年创建。【拓展】由set构成的短语：set out 启程，动身set out to do sth. set about doing
30、 sth. 开始着手干某事set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引发set aside 留出，省出They set out on the last stage of their journey.他们动身踏上最后一段旅程。Setting aside the question of cost, what do you think of the idea in principle?把成本问题置于一旁，你认为这个想法总体如何？a danger【原句回放】Farmers believed the wolves were a danger to their farm animals. 农场主曾认为红狼对家畜
31、有危害。【点拨】a danger 一种有危险的物或人。英语中有部分不可数名词可以加上不定冠词a/an，加上冠词后该名词意思发生变化，意思为“起到某种作用的人或事”。例如：a help, a success，a failure, a satisfaction等。My son is quite a help to me now. (a help =a helpful person)我的儿子现在对我来说是个非常有帮助的人。The dictionary is a great help. (a help =a helpful thing)字典是个有用的东西。Many people believe the
32、 experiment has been a success. (a success =a successful thing)很多人认为实验非常成功。【拓展1】词根相同的词汇：dangerous adj. 危险的，指主语本身会给周围的人或物造成的危险。dangerously adv. 危险地 endanger v. 危害，危及（某人/ 某事物），使遭受危险Always remember put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens reach. 要常记得将诸如小刀之类的危险物放在小孩够不着的地方。My father is a caut
33、ious motoristhe never does any dangerous driving.我父亲是个谨慎的摩托车手，他从来不危险驾驶。The man was driving dangerously. 那名男子在危险驾驶。The oil spill endangered thousands of birds.石油的溢泄危及成千上万的鸟儿。Drunk-drinking can not only cause traffic accidents, but also endanger the lives of pedestrians. 酒后驾车不仅会造成交通事故，而且会危害到行人的生命。【拓展2
34、】含有danger的短语：in danger 在危险中（指句子主语的处境危险）in danger of 有的危险 in no danger 没有危险in great danger 十分危险out of danger 脱险The workers in danger have been rescued. 处于危险中的工人已被解救。She is in danger of losing her job. 她有失去工作的危险。He was seriously ill a few days ago, but he is now out of danger.他几天前病得很厉害，但现在已脱离危险期了。Ship
35、s out in this storm are in great danger.轮船在这种风暴中出航要冒极大的危险。on the spot【原句回放】The animals are skinned on the spot 动物们被当场剥皮【点拨】on the spot 立即，当场；在现场，到现场Any workers found breaking these rules will be fired on the spot任何违反这些规定的工人一经发现将立即解雇。The police were on the spot within a few minutes of hearing about t
36、he crime.在得知有犯罪的几分钟之内，警察就到了现场。I was happy that he paid me on the spot.我很高兴他立即付钱给我。【拓展1】有关spot的用法：spot n. 地点，场所，现场；点，斑点，污点；v. 找出，认出，辨认，发现hit the spot 恰到好处，正合要求a weak spot 弱点a scenic spot 风景胜地a historic spot 古迹spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事spot a mistake 发现错误be spotted with sth. 满是斑点spotted adj. 有斑点的spo
37、tless adj. 没有污点的，一尘不染的I finally spotted my friend in the crowd. 最后我在人群里发现了我的朋友。【拓展2】易混辨析：spot, site, position, location, place这五个单词都有“场所”的意思，但侧重点不一样。spot原意为“小点，斑点”，引申为地点，场地，如：a spot for a picnic 野餐地；an interesting spot风景点。site专指现场，还可指建筑物的地址，地基，如：the site of an accident事故现场；the construction site建筑工地。
38、position可表示方位，位置，此时与location同义；还可表示被放置的状态，姿势；职位，如：in an upright position 以坐直的姿势；in the managers position 在经理的职位上。location用作可数名词，为“方位、地点”，有很强的方向感；用作不可数名词，为“的位置”，如：a proper location for a new train station 适合建筑新车站的地点。place的用法最广，表示地方、场所，可泛指也可指具体的事物。get tough with【原句回放】police are getting tough with the
39、dealers. 警察开始对那些经销商采取强硬措施。【点拨】get tough with sb. 对某人采取强硬措施The government has threatened to get tough with people who try to avoid paying taxes.政府威胁要采用强硬手段对付那些想逃税的人。We had to get tough with him.我们不得不对他采取强硬手段The council plans to get tough with growing numbers of street gangs. 委员会计划对日益增多的帮派采取强硬手段。【拓展】其
40、他相关短语：as tough as nails/ old boots 坚强的，能吃苦的be tough on sb./ sth. 严格对待某人重点句型the way句型【原句回放】and the way we use energy. 和我们使用能源的方式。【点拨】the way 的方法常用搭配：表示“做某事的方法”：the way to do sth.the way of doing sth.the way (in which / that /省略) + clause the way (which / that /省略) + clause 注意：the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可
41、用in which或that或省略；the way在定语从句中作宾语时，可用which或that或省略。Do you know the way (that/ in which) he worked out the problem?你知道他解决这个问题的方法吗？I dont like the way (that/ in which) you talk to your mother.我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。Lets talk about the way (that/ in which) large areas of the world are damaged by industrial wa
42、ste. 我们来谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而被破坏的。Judging from the way (that/ in which) he was shouting, we thought he was badly hurt.从他吼成那样来判断，我们认为他受到了很大打击。I cant understand the way (that/ which) you use.我不太理解你所使用的方法。However, he said that keeping the deer in a park is not the best way to protect it. 不过，他说，把鹿养在公园里并不是保
43、护它的最好办法。Some people like the older ways of doing things. 有些人喜欢处理事务的老办法。only if【原句回放】The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy. 世界自然保护基金组织相信只有人们学会保护自然，不浪费能源，我们的世界才有未来。【点拨】only if “只有”，引起陈述语气的真实条件句。only if引导的状语从句如果放在句首，主句则引起部分倒装。You will
44、succeed only if you study harder. 只要更加用功学习，你就会成功的。Only if you try your best, you will not regret in the future.只有尽了最大的努力，你将来才不会后悔。 Only if I get a job will I have enough money to buy the house.我只有找到了工作，才能有钱买那套房子。Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed/will a student be allowed to
45、 leave the room. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。【拓展】常考的省略句型：What if? 要是怎么办？How come? 怎么会呢？if only 但愿；要是就好了；真希望Whatifhenevercameback?他要是再也不回来怎么办？Howcomeyouarehere?你怎么会到这儿来的？注意：if only是从属连词，但它引起的从句却能单独成句，且能表达完整的意思，“要是就好了”，表达一种不能实现或难以实现的愿望，相当于wish，但语气更强。从句的谓语要使用虚拟语气，表达现在不可能实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去式；表达过去不能实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式；表达
46、将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用would/could+动词原形。If only I were beautiful as you are.我要是和你一样漂亮就好了。If only I had taken his advice! 要是我听了他的建议就好了！If only I could swim! 我要是会游泳该多好！If only she had had more courage! 当时她要是再勇敢一点就好了！If only he would reply to my letter.要是他能给我回信就好了！Its a pity that【原句回放】Its a pity I didnt have my own gun! 真遗憾我没有自己的枪。【点拨】Its a pity/ strange /necessary that 是遗憾的/奇怪的/必要的，从句中可用陈述语气也可用虚假语气。Its a pity the weather isnt better for our outing today.我们今天出去游玩天气不很好，真