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1、Unit 3 Interpersonal RelationshipsFriendship语言点编稿：王春霞 审稿：陈玉莲 学习目标重点词汇amount, close, forgive, loss, mention, betray, acute, swell, tear, quarrel重点短语burst out, knock over, from time to time, so that, be on good/ bad terms with sb., be blessed with, in return, turn round 重点句型the first timeregret后接v-ing
2、和to do的不同意义知识讲解重点词汇amount【原句回放】At the same time，small amounts of money started disappearing from students lockers同时，一些同学放在锁柜里的零钱开始丢失。【点拨】amount n. 数量；vi. 总计，等于The price is according to the amount价格依据数量而定。常用结构：an amount ofa large(good，great) amount of 大量的in largesmall amounts 大少量地，大小批地amount to 总共，合计
3、；等于A large amount of money is needed to treat a case of cancer治疗一例癌症需要大量的钱。The purchases amounted to 50 dollars买东西总共花了50美元。温馨提示：一般不用highbig修饰amount【拓展】易混辨析：amountnumberquantityamount用于指不可数名词的“量”，number用于指可数名词的“数”，quantity指可数和不可数名词的数量。the amount of moneytea 钱茶的数量the number of peoplebooks 人书的数量the qua
4、ntity of foodbaskets 食物篮子的数量an amount of money 大量的钱a number of books 大量的书a quantity of oilapples 大量的油苹果close【原句回放】Most people have only one close friend，someone they know really well大多数人只有一个亲密的朋友，一个他们真正了解的朋友。【点拨】close adj. 亲近的，亲密的；vt. 关闭；盖上；合上；关(商店等)；封闭(道路等)；adj. 近的，接近的(+to)；(尤指比赛)势均力敌的；adv. 接近，靠近地(
5、+to)；紧密地，紧紧地She is a close friend of theirs她是他们的挚友。She closed the door softly她轻轻地关上了门。His house is close to the factory他家靠近该工厂。They live close to the museum他们住在靠近博物馆的地方。常用结构：get close to靠近She got close to him and whispered to him她走近他向他低声私语。【拓展】易混辨析：close与closely作副词时的用法区别1. 用于本义，表示“接近地”、“靠近地”、“紧紧地”，两
6、者都可用。close通常放在动词之后，但在过去分词之前要用closely。He was standing close to the door他靠门站着。2. 用于引申义，表示“仔细地”、“紧密地”，通常用closely。可放在动词之后或之前，过去分词之前。The two events are closely connected这两件事有着紧密的联系。forgive【原句回放】The pain was acute，and I couldnt forgive Danny for leaving me那是个剧烈的伤痛，我不能原谅丹尼离我而去。【点拨】forgive v. 原谅，宽恕常用结构：forg
7、ive sb.oneself for sth.doing sth. 原谅某人自己做过某事forgive ones debt 免除某人的债务Ill never forgive her for what she did我绝不会原谅她所做的。Please forgive me my fault. 请原谅我的过错。【拓展】易混辨析：forgivepardonexcuseforgive表示“原谅”，且不怀丝毫怨恨。pardon侧重于免除因犯罪而应承担的责任或应受到的惩罚。excuse指的是容许错误或过失而不惩罚。Children begin with loving their parents；as th
8、ey grow older they judge them；sometimes they forgive them孩子们开始时爱着他们的父母，长大些后评价他们，有时会谅解他们。 注意：1. 三词后接动词时通常都用动名词(而不用不定式)。2. 表示“原谅某人做某事”要用“动词sb.for doing sth”。They forgave him for being rude. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。Pardon me for interrupting you. 对不起打扰你了。Excuse me for opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我不小心拆了你的信。los
9、s【原句回放】It was the worst loss I have ever experienced那是我所经历过的最大的损失。【点拨】loss n. 损失Loss of independence was a high price to pay for peace以丧失独立来换取和平是极高的代价。It was a great loss to us all这对我们所有人来说都是一个巨大的损失。常用结构:at a loss 不知所措，困惑Im at a loss what to do next我不知道下一步怎么办。She was at a loss for words to express h
10、er anger她气得都不知该说些什么了。【拓展】lose (lost, lost) v. 输掉；丢失；失去A C Milan lost the Italian Cup Final.AC米兰队输掉了意大利杯决赛。I lost my keys.我把钥匙丢了。I lost my job when the company moved to another state.公司搬到了另一个州，我便失业了。He had lost his desire to live.他已失去了活下去的念头。They lost their ability to hear.他们失去了听觉。mention【原句回放】Then t
11、he website was mentioned on a radio programme and suddenly the site became very popular后来这个网站被一个广播节目提起就突然变得流行起来。【点拨】mention v. 提到，说到，写到Nobody mentioned anything to me about it没有人跟我提过这件事。He failed to mention that he was the one who started the fight他没提到是他先动手打人的。常用结构:mention sth.sb. to sb. 向某人提到某事某人Do
12、nt mention it. (对别人道谢时的回答)不客气。not to mention 更不用说，且不说Old folk and children alike are all against the proposal, not to mention the youth老人、小孩都不赞成这个建议，更不用说年轻人了。betray【原句回放】I felt he had betrayed me. 我觉得他已经背叛了我。【点拨】betray vt. 出卖，背叛；泄露常见搭配：betray oneself 露出本来面目betray sth. to sb. 向某人泄露某事Her face betrayed
13、 her nervousness. 她的脸上流露出紧张。The officer betrayed the secret to his friends. 这位官员把秘密透露给他的朋友们。She could not help betraying her sympathy for us.她禁不住对我们露出同情之意。【拓展】betrayal n. 泄露，出卖；betrayer n. 背叛者，告密者a betrayal of my principles 出卖我的原则acute【原句回放】The pain was acute 疼痛非常强烈【点拨】acute adj. 敏锐的；严重的；深刻的 常用短语：ac
14、ute infection 急性感染 acute observer 敏锐的观察家acute shortage 严重短缺 He suffers from acute depression. 他患有严重的抑郁症。We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation. 我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。swell【原句回放】It was here that I discovered that I was allergic to the tiny flies which bit me and made my face swell. 正
15、是在这儿我发现了我对小苍蝇过敏，它们咬我之后，我的脸就会肿胀。【点拨】swell v. （使）膨胀，增长 (swelled, swollen)；n. 涌浪；海浪的涌动swell (sth.) into/ to sth. （使某物）膨胀，肿胀，增强，增多swell up= swell 肿胀swell (sth.) with pride/ anger etc. 洋洋得意/怒气冲冲等His ankle was already starting to swell. 他的脚踝已经开始肿了。The heavy rain swelled the river. 大雨使河水上涨。A small business
16、 swelled into a big company. 小商店发展成大公司。When you develop a throat infection or catch a cold, the glands in the neck swell up.当咽喉感染或感冒时，扁桃腺就会肿胀。Her face swelled up with toothache. / Her face was swollen up with toothache.她的脸因牙痛而肿了起来。Her heart swelled with pride as she watched her son receiving his awa
17、rd. 看着儿子领奖时，她心中充满了自豪。【拓展】swollen adj. 肿胀的，膨胀的The swollen balloon burst itself. 涨起的气球破了。tear【原句回放】My mother simply scolded me for tearing my underwear. 我妈妈只不过是因为我撕破内衣而责备了我。【点拨】tear n. (常用复数)眼泪；v. 撕破，扯破，划破，戳破；(猛烈地)撕扯，拔掉，掀掉常用搭配：burst into tears 放声大哭tear sth. out/ off/ away 把某物撕开/撕掉/扯掉tear sth. to/into
18、pieces/shredstear sth. up 把撕碎tear ones heart out 使心碎，使极其难受tear.apart （粗暴地）撕成碎片；使心里不痛快tear down 拆毁（建筑）Be careful not to tear your sleeve on that nail.小心别让你的袖子被钉子划了。Someones torn the last page out.有人把最后一页撕掉了。The contract lay on the ground，torn to pieces.合同被撕成碎片，扔在地上。Its time some of these old apartmen
19、t blocks were torn down. 其中一些旧的住宅楼该拆了。quarrel【原句回放】They have quarrelled seriously three times 他们激烈争吵了三次【点拨】quarrel vi. 争吵，吵架；n. 争吵，不和，口角常用搭配：quarrel with sb. 与某人争吵quarrel about/ over 就争吵quarrel with sth. 不同意，抱怨I always seem to be quarrelling with my parents. 我似乎总和父母争吵。Everything is settled. There is
20、 no need to quarrel about this. 问题都解决了，没有必要就此事争吵了。They were quarrelling furiously about whose turn it was to cook the dinner.他们正在就轮到谁做饭而激烈地争吵着。Nobody could quarrel with the reports conclusions. 大家都同意报告的结论。重点短语burst out 【原句回放】When he reached the final line，everyone burst out laughing他说到最后一句的时候，大家都大笑起
21、来。【点拨】burst out 突然起来（后通常接动名词）“I dont believe it”, he burst out.“我不相信”，他大声说道。She burst out crying (laughing/ singing).她突然哭(笑，唱)起来。She was so overjoyed that she nearly burst out laughing. 她心里一乐，几乎笑出声来。【拓展】同义表达：burst into laughter 突然笑起来fall about laughing 放声大笑John glared at her for a moment, and then h
22、e burst into laughter. 约翰先是对她怒目而视，随后也哈哈笑起来。Nicks a born clown. Just the sight of him is enough to make you fall about laughing.尼克天生一副丑相，看他一眼你就会忍不住大笑。补充：burst into 突然闯入；突然起来Dont burst into my bedroom without knocking请不要不敲门就贸然闯入我的卧室。She burst into tears (laughter, song).她突然哭(笑，唱)起来。A cry of horror bur
23、st into/ forth from the crowd.人群中突然发出恐惧的叫喊声。burst into后通常接具有动作意义的名词。knock over【原句回放】But just under a year ago, Roys father was knocked over by a car. 但就不到一年前，罗伊的父亲遭遇车祸。【点拨】knock over 撞翻，打翻，弄倒(某物)I knocked over the glass and spilled the water.我打翻了杯子，水洒了。【拓展】knock down 打(撞)倒，驳倒；knock into 与相撞；偶然碰到(某人)
24、Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane有时我觉得这房子会被过往的飞机撞倒。I knocked into an old friend of mine in the park yesterday我昨天在公园里碰见了一位老朋友。from time to time【原句回放】These days，Roy and I see each other from time to time，but were no longer close最近，我和罗伊还时常见面，但已经不再那么亲密了。【点拨】from time t
25、o time 偶尔，有时，间或She has to work at weekends from time to time她周末偶尔还得工作。They come to see us from time to time. 他们有时过来看看我们。The car manufacturers changed the car models from time to time.汽车制造商不时地改变车的设计。补充：from.to.结构from door to door 挨家挨户地from year to year 一年一年地from place to place 到处from head to foot 从头到
26、脚from beginning to end 从头至尾【拓展】其他表示“有时，偶尔”的表达法：(every) now and then；at times；occasionally；once in a while温馨提示：from time to time强调经常性而其他表达侧重于间或性。so that【原句回放】I was so surprised that I just stood there，holding the notes in my hands我太吃惊了以至于不知所措，只是拿着钱站在那儿。【点拨】so.that. 如此以至于，引导结果状语从句。He studied so hard t
27、hat he passed the exam easily他学习如此刻苦，以至于很容易就通过了考试。He had so little education that he was unfit for this job他所受教育很少，不适合做这项工作。同义表达：such. that. 如此以至于He is so young a boy/ such a young boy that he cant join the army他是一个如此小的男孩以至于不能参军。He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him他
28、进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again这些小说如此有趣以至于我想再读一遍。【拓展】在 so that 的结构中，若so与其修饰成分置于句首，则句子部分倒装。So loudly did the pupils read that people could hear them in the street.小学生们读书的声音如此之大，人们在街上都能听到。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他
29、害怕得很，动也不敢动。为了保持句子的结构平衡，特别是主语较长时，可以把表语或状语前置，主谓全部倒装。Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist.（表语提前）这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，一位简朴而又伟大的科学家。be on good / bad terms with sb.【原句回放】We were on good terms with everyone in the village, and we even gave a salute to the local policeman as he passed on his bicycl
30、e. 我们跟村里的每个人都相处得很好，连当地的警察骑着自行车经过时，我们都会向他敬礼。【点拨】be on good / bad terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好（terms表相互关系）She is on good / bad terms with her classmates.她和同学关系好/不好。【拓展】in terms of 从方面说，根据，依照in the long/ short term 就长期/短期而言be blessed with【原句回放】I was blessed with a happy childhood, one that most people woul
31、d want to have. 我非常幸运地拥有一个幸福的童年，一段大部分人都渴望拥有的时光。【点拨】be blessed with 享有的福气，有幸拥有We live in a nation blessed with peace.我们生活在一个有幸享有和平的国家。【拓展】bless vt. 求神赐福于；求上帝降福；祝福God bless you all! 愿上帝保佑你！in return【原句回放】This poem describes the painful feelings of a man in love with someone who does not love him in re
32、turn. 这首诗描述了一位青年爱上了一个不爱他的女子的痛苦感受。【点拨】in return 反过来，作为交换，作为回报I asked her opinion, but she just asked me a question in return. 我征求她的意见，她却只是反问了我一句。易混辨析：in return/ in turnin return意为“作为报答，作为回报”，in turn意为“依次，轮流，反之”。The girl called out their names in turn.那些女孩依次报出自己的名字。Im very grateful for your help and h
33、ope that someday I may be able to do something for you in return.我很感激你的帮助，希望有一天我能为你做点什么报答你。【拓展】in return for 作为对的报答He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.他送了她一些玫瑰以答谢她的好意。turn round【原句回放】I turned round and walked out without saying a word 我转身没说一句话就走了。【点拨】turn round 转过身来All of a sudden he t
34、urned round and saw me他突然转过身来看见了我。温馨提示：“转身”还可表达为turn aroundaboutTurn around and let me look at your back转过身去让我看看你的后背。【拓展】turn构成的短语：turn back 折回，折返turn over 反转，翻转turn down 关小，拒绝turn to sb. (for help) 向某人(求助)重点句型the first time【原句回放】I remember the first time I met Roy我还记得第一次见到罗伊的情景。【点拨】句型分析：I met Roy是定
35、语从句，修饰the first time，其引导词that省略了，在time后的定语从句中引导词常常省略。That was the last time (that) I saw her那是我最后一次见她。温馨提示1：the first time，the last time，every time可以作连词，引导时间状语从句。Every time I see the picture，I always think of the days we spent together每次看见这张照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的日子。【拓展】易混辨析：the first timefor the first time
36、 (ever)the first time是名词短语，在句中可以作表语，构成句型：Its the first time that.；也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。for the first time是介词短语，在句中作状语。He came to the countryside for the first time他第一次来到农村。温馨提示2：ItThisThat iswas the first time that.句型表示“这那是第一次做某事”，that从句中须用现在过去完成时。It is the first time that I have seen such a good film这是我
37、第一次看这么好的电影。That was the first time that I had gone to the Great Wall那是我第一次去长城。regret后接v-ing和to do的不同意义【原句回放】I regret to tell you that you will not be in the same class as your friends. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你将不能与你的朋友们在同一个班级里。【点拨】regret v. 后悔，遗憾regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事regret doing / having done/ to have done sth.
38、 后悔做过某事We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.我们很遗憾地告诉你们，不能邀请你们所有人都参加会议。I regretted breaking the rules of our class. = I regretted having broken/ to have broken the rules of our class. 我后悔违反了班规。【拓展1】regretful adj. 后悔的；regrettable adj. 使人懊悔的，不幸的【拓展2】v-ing和to do作宾语
39、时的用法：用-ing形式作宾语的动词：这类动词的宾语只能用-ing形式，而不用不定式Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了！I suggest doing it in a different way. 建议用另一种方法做这件事。这类动词常考的有：admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist 抵制mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind 介意fancy 想不到，设想 f
40、eel like 意欲 finish 完成risk 冒险 include 包括 forgive 原谅give up 放弃 suggest 建议 miss 逃过imagine 设想，想象 cannot help 情不自禁 be worth 值得 be busy 忙于附：记忆口诀1建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，值得开始想动名。记忆口诀2喜欢花费 忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议 保持介意 值得考虑既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语1）有些动词接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不大，如：begin, sta
41、rt, continue, hate, like, love, prefer等。They prefer spending/ to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。Lets continue playing/ to play the PC game. 咱们继续玩电脑游戏吧。注意：应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式如：I am starting learning Russian. 应改成：I am starting to learn Russian.2）有些动词接动词-ing形式或不定式区别很大 l forget/ reme
42、mber to do sth. 忘记/记得要做某事 doing / having done/ to have done sth. 忘记/记得做过某事I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那件事了。I remembered giving the book to Li Lei, but he said I didnt. 我记得我把书给李雷了，但是他说我没有给。l mean to do . 打算做，想要做 doing . 意味着，意思是I didnt mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。What he said means going ther
43、e by air. 他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。l try to do设法做，尽力做doing试着做Ill try to catch up with my class. 我将尽力赶上同学们。I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。l cant help (to) do. 不能帮忙做某事 doing. 禁不住做某事The medicine cant help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。The girl couldnt help crying whe
44、n she saw her mother again. 当小女孩再次看到母亲时，她情不自禁地哭了起来。l go on/ stop to do sth 继续/停下来去做另一件事doing 继续/ 停止正在做的事Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后，请接着做其他的练习。He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房间里一点声音也没有了。作介词的宾语：英语中除了介词but/ except外，介词后一般接动
45、词-ing形式作宾语。He studied ways of keeping seeds.他研究了种子的保存方法。She looks forward every spring to walking in the flower-lined garden. 每年春天她盼望着在铺满鲜花的公园里散步。熟记这些短语，其中的to都是介词：add up to 结果是 admit to 承认 be equal to 等于devote. to 把献给 get/ be used to 习惯于 look forward to 盼望 lead to 导致 object to/ be opposed to 反对 pay attention to 注意see to 注意，处理 stick to 坚持作形容词busy worth的宾语：The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这首曲子很值得多听几遍