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1、Unit 4 Which English? 语言点编稿：王春霞 审稿：陈玉莲学习目标重点词汇instantly, matter, unique, debate, estimate, acquire, convince, clarify, withdraw, approval重点短语tellapart / tell apart, or rather, lie in, find ones way into / to , get down to, be meant for重点句型主动表被动知识讲解重点词汇instantly【原句回放】The quality of someones voice and
2、 their choice of words make a person instantly recognizable, even though you cant see him or her. 一个人的音质及措辞都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使看不见是谁。【点拨】instantly adv. 立即，马上；conj. 一就The police came to my help instantly.警方立刻就来帮助我了。I came instantly I saw the need.我一发觉有必要马上就来了。【拓展】instant adj. 立即的，即刻的；紧迫的，迫切的；n. 顷刻，一刹那The
3、 telegram asked for an instant reply.这封电报要求立即回复。The flood victims were in instant need of help.水灾难民急需救助。An instant later the explosion occurred.一会儿之后，爆炸就发生了。温馨提示:instantly和the instant都可以相当于连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”。类似的用法：immediately。matter【原句回放】Perhaps correctness doesnt matteras long as speakers can under
4、stand each otherits communication that counts. 也许正确与否不要紧只要说话的人互相明白就行重要的是交流本身。【点拨】matter n. 事情；毛病；物质，事态，形势(复数)；重要性；vi. 有关系，要紧It was a matter of life and death for them.这件事对他们来说是生死攸关。Theres something the matter with this car.= Theres something wrong with this car.这辆汽车有点毛病。Matter exists in three states
5、: solid, liquid and gas.物质以三种形态存在，即固态、液态和气态。Matters are different from country to country.事态因国家而异。All these things do not matter now.所有这一切现在都无关紧要了。温馨提示:matter作为动词时，用法等同于count，都表示“有关系，重要”。unique【原句回放】The English speakers found a people who had been living in Australia for more than 50,000 yearsthe Ab
6、origines, and an extraordinary variety of wildlife, unique to the continent. 这些讲英语的人发现了当地的一个民族土著人，他们已经在澳大利亚生活了50,000多年了；还发现了那个大陆独有的异常丰富的野生生物种类。【点拨】unique adj. 唯一的，独一无二的，独特的；n. 独一无二的人(或事物)The custom is unique to the region.这种风俗是这一地区特有的。Beethovens symphony is unique in music.贝多芬的交响曲在音乐上是无与伦比的。debate【原
7、句回放】Today there is a debate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best：Singlish, or a variety closer to British English, which is the aim of the Speak Good English Movement created in 1999. 现在在新加坡有一场关于哪种英语最好的争论：是新加坡式英语还是一种更接近于英国英语的种类，这也是1999年开展的“讲好英语运动”的目的。【点拨】debate n. 辩论，讨论，争论；辩论会；v.
8、辩论，讨论，争论常用搭配：be under debate 正在讨论中debate sth. with sb. 与某人争论某事debate doing sth. 讨论做某事A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.一场围绕着减税的激烈辩论正在进行中。They debated the question openly.他们公开辩论了这个问题。We debated on the question till late into the night.我们就这个问题辩论到深夜。estimate【原句回放】It is estimated that 1.3 bill
9、ion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050. 据估计到2050年，将会有13亿人把英语作为母语或第二语言。【点拨】estimate vt. 估计，估量；评价，判断；vi. 估计，估价；n. 估计，估价；评价，判断，看法常用搭配：It is estimated that 据估计It is estimated that over one million Americans now live below the poverty line.据估计，超过一百万美国人现在生活在贫困线之下。The po
10、lice estimated the number of demonstrators at about 5,000.警方估计示威者的人数为五千左右。The medicare cost is estimated to be one billion dollars.医疗保健费用估计为十亿美元。I asked a contractor to estimate for the repair of the house.我请了承包商估计修缮这幢房子的费用。The experts estimate is that the painting is worth $3,000.专家估计这幅画值三千美元。My es
11、timate of the situation is not so optimistic.我对形势的估计不那么乐观。acquire【原句回放】New dialects acquire their own complex features until become real languages in their own right. 新的方言会形成自身的复杂特性直到自身成为一门真正的语言。【点拨】acquire vt. 取得，获得，学到，养成Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.我们逐步获得了做这项工作的经验。She has
12、 mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary.她掌握了英语语法，学到了大量词汇。【拓展】易混辨析：acquirerequireinquire的区别acquire经过自己的努力获得，取得；require 要求；inquire 调查，询问，打听。She has acquired a new set of interests.她现在有了一些新的爱好。The rules require us all to be present.按规定我们都要出席。Why dont you inquire by telephone?你为什么不打电话询
13、问一下呢?convince 【原句回放】Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own. 专家们确信将来随着越来越多的人学习英语并把它称为自己的语言，这一现象将会发生。【点拨】convince vt. 使确信，使信服，说服常用搭配：be convinced of / that 确信，承认convince sb. of 使某人承认，使某人信服He convinced me of his innocence.他使
14、我相信他是无辜的。I was convinced that he knew the truth.我确信他知道事实。【拓展】convinced adj. 确信的；有坚定信仰的convincing adj. 有说服力的，令人信服的clarify【原句回放】But some idioms are very new and youll need to clarify what they mean. 但是有一些习语是很新潮的，你需要弄清它们的含义。【点拨】clarify vt. 澄清，阐明，净化；使清楚，使清醒；vi. 得到澄清净化；变得明晰He clarified his stand on the i
15、ssue.他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。It requires of us great efforts to clarify sewage in cities.净化城市的污水需要我们很大的努力。His muddled brain suddenly clarified.他糊涂的头脑突然清醒过来。温馨提示：classify vt. 将分类withdraw 【原句回放】Get your tanks off my lawn! means Back off! Withdraw your threats! and was first said by a British prime minister, rej
16、ecting the threat of a potential strike by a trade union leader.“Get your tanks off my lawn!”的意思是“退后!收回你的恐吓!”最初是英国的一个首相在抵制一位贸易联盟领袖发起潜在的罢工威胁时说的。【点拨】withdraw vt. & vi. 收回，撤销，撤退The government withdraws worn-out money from use.政府收回旧币使之不再流通。He has decided to withdraw from the competition.他已决定退出竞赛。 approv
17、al 【原句回放】Its often used humorously as approval to someone offering payment. 它常常被幽默地用来表示对别人主动付款的赞许。 【点拨】approval n. 赞成；赞许常用搭配:give ones approval to 批准have sb.s approval 得到某人的赞同with / without approval of 经/未经的批准meet with sb.s approval 得到某人的赞同win / earn sb.s approval 取得某人的同意on approval 包退By doing well
18、at school he hoped to win his parents approval.他在学校表现不错，希望以此得到父母的赞许。The budget proposal met with the Senates approval.预算提案得到了参议院的批准。重点短语tell apart / tell apart【原句回放】It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart. 要将英国英语和美国英语分辨开来也很容易。【点拨】tellapart / tell apart 分辨；区别Can you tell the
19、twin brothers apart?你能分得清这两个孪生兄弟吗？【拓展】tell A from B 把A和B区分开tell the difference between A and B 把A和B区分开tell against(sb.) 成为对(某人)不利的证据tell sb. straight 直率地老实地告诉某人or rather【原句回放】Gday! Dya speak Strine? Or rather, Hello! Do you speak Australian? Gday! Dya speak Strine? 或者更确切地说，Hello! Do you speak Austra
20、lian?【点拨】or rather 准确地说He worked till late into the night, or rather, early this morning.他一直工作到深夜，或者更确切地说，到今天凌晨。【拓展】含有rather的其他短语：rather than 而不是，与其不如would rather 宁愿，宁可，更，还是为好lie in【原句回放】But the main differences between Australian English and other varieties of English lie in the individual sounds a
21、nd intonation patterns. 但澳大利亚英语和其他几种英语的最主要区别在于单音和音调模式。【点拨】lie in 在于The future of our country lies in education我们国家的未来在于教育。【拓展】易混辨析：lie与表示“方位”的介词搭配lie in意为“在范围以内”。lie to在某范围之外，并不强调是否接壤。lie on强调二者交界或接壤，还可表示“在河畔”。find ones way into / to【原句回放】Often meanings and words from other languages find their way
22、into English to produce a new dialect such as “Franglais”, which combines aspects of French and English. 来自其他语言的意义和单词常会进入英语生成一种新的方言，像“法式英语就是一种融合了法语和英语现象的新方言。【点拨】find ones way into / to 设法赶到进入Everything has changed a lot, and people cant find their way to the old streets anymore.一切都变了，人们再也找不到原来的路了。【拓
23、展】含有way的其他短语：feel / propel ones way 谨慎小心地进行force / push / shoulder / squeeze ones way 挤冲(出去)follow / get ones way 随心所欲地做；独行其是pick ones way 小心走路，谨慎前进get down to【原句回放】Thus, to talk turkey means to get down to business. 因此，“to talk turkey”的意思是“开始做生意”。【点拨】get down to 开始认真考虑，着手处理He got down to his work a
24、fter the holidays.度假之后他开始专心工作。【拓展】含有介词to的其他短语：contribute to 有助于，为作贡献，投稿，捐款turn to 求助于(依靠，转而从事于)lead to 导致(引起，通向)stick to 坚持(忠于等)refer to 提到，谈及，说起，涉及，指的是object to 反对come to 合计；共计；突然出现在脑海中；谈到appeal to 使感兴趣，对有吸引力，打动人心belong to 属于，是的成员pay attention to 注意，重视look forward to 期望(盼望)look up to 尊敬(敬仰)live up
25、to 达到，符合(他人的期望)date back to 追溯到devote oneself to 致力于，献身于be used to 习惯于be meant for【原句回放】Established in 1990, the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language. 汉语水平考试最初是在1990年为那些把汉语作为第二语言或一门外语的学习者设立的。【点拨】be meant for 本来，为而设计He was meant forto be a
26、 doctor.本来是准备把他培养成为医生的。His smile was meant for me.他的微笑是冲着我来的。【拓展】含有mean的其他短语：mean to do 打算，想做mean doing 意味着by means of 凭借，借助于by no means 决不重点句型主动表被动【原句回放】English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand. 英语中有丰富的、极好的、也可能难以理解的表达。【点拨】在“名（代）+be+形容词+to
27、do”句型中，不定式与作主语的名词（代词）存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以该不定式必须用主动形式表示被动含义。The question is very difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。He is easy to get along with. 他很好相处。温馨提示：在该结构中，不定式动词必须是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，需加上适当的介词。The chair is comfortable to sit in. 这椅子坐起来很舒服。【拓展】其他表被动的情况：一、英语中，一般只有及物动词或不及物动词与介词、副词构成的短语才用在被动结构中，不及物动词不能用于被动结构中，但某些不及
28、物动词和短语动词的主动形式含有被动意义。When did the war break out? 战争是何时爆发的？Ice-cream always goes well in summer. 冰淇淋在夏天总是很好卖。二、有些及物动词，如act, add, burn, close, compare, cook, cut, digest, draw, feel, keep, last, lock, open, pay, pull, read, sell, shut, smoke, spread, strike, teach, tear, wash, wear, write 等，在某些情况下用作不及物
29、动词，其形式上是主动的，意义是被动的。The shop opens from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. 这家商店从上午九点到下午十点营业。The clothes wear well. 这种衣服很耐穿。 The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。三、一些表示状态特征的动词的主动形式表示被动意义，这种动词可分为如下几类。1表示感官的动词：appear, look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel等。The music sounds beautiful. 音乐优美动听。2表示保持某种状态的动词：keep, remain, stand, sit,
30、 lie, last等。The house has stood empty for months. 那房子空了几个月了。3表示变成某种状态的动词：become, get, turn等。Dont get your new trousers dirty. 不要把你的新裤子弄脏。4表示证明和结果状态的动词：prove, turn out等。As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。5表示适合状态的动词：fit, suit等。The shoes dont fit me. 这双鞋我穿不适合
31、。6表示拥有状态的动词：belong to, have等。This dictionary belongs to me. 这本词典是我的。四、一些表示“开始、结束、移位、运转”意义的动词。如begin, start, end, stop, drive, ride, remove, run, change等的主动形式可以表示被动意义。The meeting will begin at nine. 会议将在九点开始。 The tap stopped up. 水龙头被塞住了。五、有少数动词，如cook, do, owe, print等的主动结构也可以表示被动意义。The fish is cooking
32、. 在煮鱼。 This paper prints well. 这种剪纸印刷效果很好。六、在意为“需要”的几个动词如need, require, want后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。These babies require looking after carefully. 这些婴儿需要细心照料。The plants want watering. 这些植物需要浇水。温馨提示：这些动词后面的动名词不能换成被动式，但可以换成不定式，其意思不变。The car needs repairing. =The car needs to be repaired.七、在“主+谓+宾+to do”句型中，不
33、定式作句子宾语的定语时，该不定式与句子宾语也存在动宾关系，所以该不定式也必须用主动形式表示被动含义。In the past, they didnt have enough food to eat. 过去，他们没有足够的食物吃。温馨提示：在该句型中，不定式动词也必须是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，也需加上适当的介词。He had no house to live in.他没有房子住。八、形容词后必须用动名词主动形式表示被动含义。The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 九、不定式to blame, to let, to seek的主动形式也表示被动含义。He is to blame. 他应该受责备。 The house is to let. 房屋出租。A better way is yet to seek. 还得找一种更好的办法。