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1、单元达标测评(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANew York is an overwhelming city to visit with children. What follows is carefully collected advice from New Yorkers on how to cover the city right.Tenement MuseumThe Tenement Museum on the Lower East
2、 Side offers a fantastic glimpse into urban family life. Guided tours reveal the daily routines of generations of Irish, Jewish and Italian immigrants who made their mark and then quickly moved up and out. Pick up a copy of All-of-a-Kind Family or a vintage(古旧而优质的) toy in the museum shop, one of the
3、 citys best.Museum of Modern ArtThe Museum of Modern Art does an excellent job in making modern and contemporary art accessible to children as young as 4. On weekend mornings, guided tours are divided into age-appropriate groups in which children can observe a number of works;later they gain free ac
4、cess to the entire museum. The cafeteria is both grown-up and child-friendly, and theres an art laboratory with hands-on activities and even an audio guide for young people.Intrepid Sea, Air & Space MuseumThe most significant in the museum is the Space Shuttle Pavilion, which is scheduled to reopen
5、in July, showcasing(展示) the Enterprise, NASAs first space shuttle, which arrived last year. The U.S.S Intrepid, a World-War-II-era aircraft carrier, is worthwhile in itself. While the complex suffered damage during Hurricane Sandy, most of its facilities are once again shipshape(整洁). Families may wa
6、nt to consider Operation Slumber, which allows overnight visits with special activities for children aged 6 and older.Childrens Museum of the ArtsAll the artworks here are made by children, and visitors can make their own (Bonus:You dont have to clean up). An area for younger children includes sand,
7、 Play-Doh and guided music activities. Children go berserk for the Ball Pond, a closed-in area of oversize balls. Is it experiential(来自经验的) art? Children need not bother with such things.1.Which of the following museums offers free admission?A.Tenement Museum.B.Museum of Modern Art.C.Intrepid Sea, A
8、ir & Space Museum.D.Childrens Museum of the Arts.2.How is Childrens Museum of the Arts different from the other three museums?A.It provides activities for children of different ages.B.It exhibits a lot of artworks.C.Its artworks are all created by children.D.It used to be damaged during Hurrican San
9、dy.3.What do the four museums have in common?A.They are all children-friendly.B.They all show visitors contemporary artworks.C.They can offer visitors activities to take part in.D.They are all suitable for children over 4 years old.BA group of young adults are building wooden boats, serving as worke
10、rs in a boat building program sponsored by the Alexandria Seaport Foundation to be taught skills, self-confidence and discipline to change their lives for the better.The young workers learn their craft at the foundations seaport center, a floating wooden house on the banks of the Potomac River in Al
11、exandria, once a busy seaport town in America. The year-long program teaches small groups of young adults from 18 to 22 years old how to build small wooden sailboats. The program pays them a small wage.A number of the young adults have not finished high school, and the foundation works to help them
12、pass their GED, a high school equivalency. Those who do not have adequate math skills receive tutoring from a volunteer. One of the young workers, Chris, says he was a good student but had to drop out of high school to work due to his family situation. The program manager, once a role model of the g
13、roup, remarks, “They know Im living proof of what hard work and dedication gets you.” Now more than halfway through his apprenticeship(学徒期), Chris says he feels better about himself.When the wooden boats are finished, they will be sold. Chris says he will be sad to see them go but knows that, like l
14、ife, they are meant to sail forward. “There is so much creativity that gets into making them. Theyre beautiful on the water. Im delighted theyre going to be a good home.”4.What is the boat building program intended to do?A.Offer boats to companies that need them.B.Donate boats to the poor community
15、nearby.C.Help more people learn about the history of boats.D.Make a better life for those young adults in trouble.5.What can those young workers learn in this program?A.They learn how to manage a program.B.They learn how to build up confidence.C.They learn how to sell boats.D.They learn how to teach
16、 others math.6.What can we infer from the text?A.The boats are meant for tourism.B.Chris dropped out of school for poor marks.C.The young workers are all taught by volunteers.D.Participants of the program are not all teenagers.7.What is this article mainly about?A.Talent is what leads to success.B.T
17、he art of building boats is hard to learn.C.The future of the youth lies in themselves.D.Building boats improves the youngs lives.CFairy tales perform many functions. They entertain and encourage imagination, help build up the quality of integrity and teach problem-solving skills. They can also prov
18、ide moral lessons, highlighting the danger of failing to follow the social codes(道德准则) that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believe they have found a way to use the fairy tales as moral
19、 lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. They believe story comprehensio
20、n in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity, which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called Quixote. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robo
21、ts how to behave. Though sounding absurd, it really worked.The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line, it can interact with the storekeeper politely
22、 and purchase the medicine early, or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the med
23、icine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.After being tested out, Quixote is shown to work best on a robot that has a very limited function. Its a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believ
24、e that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive(努力) to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.8.What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?A.They entert
25、ain robots.B.They highlight danger.C.They make robots more intelligent.D.They enable robots to behave morally.9.What is Quixote in the text?A.A punishment system.B.A character in literature.C.A big name in technology.D.A system of educating robots.10.What do the designers expect the robot to do in t
26、he experiment?A.Take advantage of its privilege(优惠待遇).B.Finish the task most efficiently.C.Perform in good manners.D.Be rewarded by the storekeeper.11.Which of the following can best express the authors opinion?A.Robots will definitely have more functions.B.Robots with human emotions are perfect.C.T
27、raining robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.D.The development of robots is still in a baby step.DNao, the first robot able to show feelings, has been created by a European research team. When Nao is sad, he lowers his head and looks down. When hes happy, he raises his arms for a hug. Nothi
28、ng is out of the ordinary, except that Nao is a robot. Actually, Nao is more like a human than a machine.“Were modeling the first years of life,” says Lola Canamero, a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire. “The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather t
29、han facial or verbal(言语的) expressions.”“In the future,” says the scientist, “robots are likely to act as companions, providing support for old people including polishing nails or fetching objects for them, or shopping online. In such uses, the display of feelings will be important in making the inte
30、raction(交往) more natural and comfortable.Nao has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child. It can memorize faces and know the basic rules of good and ill. Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on. The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed
31、, but Nao decides itself when to display them.Nao is also programmed to have different personalities. A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room, while a more timid (胆怯的) robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.Canameros team
32、 will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications. Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors, nurses and parents. Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them
33、 less anxious. “We have an urge to explore different rolesthe robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do. We want to help the children to control their anxiety,” says the scientist.12.According to the text, Nao.A.displays different feelings in differ
34、ent situationsB.is able to imitate adult emotional displaysC.can remember peoples feelingsD.learns emotions from facial expressions13.What does the underlined word “distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Courage.B.Anxiety.C.Anger.D.Satisfaction.14.What can we learn from the text?A.Scientists worke
35、d on facial and spoken expressions to show Naos emotions.B.The time when Nao displays feelings has been pre-programmed.C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production.D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.15.What is the text mainly about?A.The relationship bet
36、ween humans and robots.B.The roles that robots play in different fields.C.The first robot able to show feelings.D.The long history of robots.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, c
37、hanges for the worse, changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. 16As it turns out, scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter(物质) and of the universe. 17 Techno
38、logy in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life. In turn, it makes people have a stronger urge to explore more about science. The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will bring even greater advantages to human being
39、s: in pure science(纯科学)a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning;in applied science(应用科学)more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.18The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of the technology to
40、the development and production of weapons of mass destruction(大规模杀伤性武器) has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet.19Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready
41、for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” 20 But does it have to be so? Must the ill alw
42、ays go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?A.We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.B.Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture.C.Fortunately, science has brought us with the greatest.D.It offers us less access to nature as well as social life.E
43、.The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activitiesscience, seems to prove what Shakespeare said.F.Many things caused the changes, but in my opinion, the most important is the progress in science.G.It has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its
44、continuous development.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a straight-A student, I believed I could21tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was Worl
45、d Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he22in class.When I took the first exam of my best subject English, I was23to find a 77, C plus, on my test paper. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained24. I decided to try harder, and I rea
46、d the books more carefully, but got another 77 again. I25with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldnt change his26.One more test before the final exam, one more chance to improve my grade. So I redoubled my effort and, for the first time27the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my
47、effort did no good and everything 28 as before.The last hurdle(障碍)was the final. No matter what 29 I got, it wouldnt cancel three C pluses. I might as well kiss the30 goodbye.I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 31 myse
48、lf to a movie. The next day I decided for once Id have 32 with a test. A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into Professor Jaynes office. He 33 to be expecting me, “ If I gave you the As you 34, you wouldnt continue to work hard.”I stared at him35 that his analysis and strategy(策略)were correct.I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A plus. The next year I received my scholarship. I always remembered Professor Jaynes lesson:You alone must set your own standard of excellence.21.A.takeB.discussC.