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1、五年高考练阅读理解(2020课标全国,D)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at h
2、igh altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变)that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling
3、 people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters.“They
4、are simply a stranger to the land,”said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they co
5、uld stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,”Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the
6、evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,”said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.词汇积累1.evolution n.进化2.highland n.高地,高原3.altitude
7、 n.海拔4.digest v.消化5.adaptation n.适应6.evolve v.逐渐形成;进化7.houseboat n.水上住宅8.coastal adj.沿海的9.spearfish v.用鱼叉捕鱼10.shellfish n.水生有壳动物11.characteristic n.特征;特点1.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B.New knowledge of human evoluti
8、on.C.Recent findings of human origin.D.Significance of food selection.2.Where do the Bajau build their houses?A.In valleys.B.Near rivers.C.On the beach.D.Off the coast.3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A.They could walk on stilts all day.B.They had a superb way of fishing.C.They c
9、ould stay long underwater.D.They lived on both land and water.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB.Highlanders Survival SkillsC.Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD.The Worlds Best Divers答案全解全析.语篇解读本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系。文章通过列举巴瑶人由于靠海为生,逐渐变
10、得擅长潜水的事实来说明人类的进化。本文侧重于培养学生的文化意识。1.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者想通过第一段的例子告诉我们什么? 根据第一段第一句可知我们是进化的产物,而且不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。故选B(人类进化的新知识)。A:养牛者对环境的适应;C:人类起源的新近发现;D:食物选择的意义。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:巴瑶人把他们的房子建在哪里? 根据第二段中的They have traditionally lived on houseboats.in coastal waters.可知,巴瑶人把房子建在沿海水域。故选择D(邻近海岸)。A:在山谷里;B:在河边;C:在海滩上。3
11、.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶人感到惊讶? 由第三段中的We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders可知C选项(他们可以在水下待很长时间)正确。A:他们可以整天在支柱上走;B:他们有一种高超的捕鱼方法;D:他们既生活在陆地上,又生活在水里。4.A主旨大意题。本题题干意为:这篇文章合适的题目是什么? 本文主要讲述了巴瑶人因为靠海为生而导致基因变化,从而可以长时间潜水。故A选项(为适应海上生活而改造的身体)正确。B:高地人的生存技能;C:遗传研究的基本方法;D:世界上最好的潜水员。