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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件(Music)These bees are in my backyard in Berkeley,California.（音乐）这些蜜蜂,生活在我位于加州伯克利市的家的后院里。00:13Until last year,Id never kept bees before,but NationalGeographic asked me to photograph a story about them,and I decided,to be able to take compelling images,直到去年之前,我从没养过蜜蜂,但是国家地理邀请我拍摄一组关于它们的照片,
2、然后我决定,为了拍出一些令人叹服的照片,00:30I should start keeping bees myself.我应该开始自己养蜂。00:39And as you may know,bees pollinate one third of our foodcrops,and lately theyve been having a really hard time.正如你们可能知道的,蜜蜂为我们三分之一的粮食作物授粉,而最近它们却经历了一个非常困难的时期。00:42So as a photographer,I wanted to explore what this problemreall
3、y looks like.因此作为一个摄影师,我想对这个问题的真相一探究竟。00:49So Im going to show you what I found over the last year.所以我将要向你们展示我去年的发现。00:54This furry little creature is a fresh young bee halfwayemerged from its brood cell,and bees right now are dealingwith several different problems,including pesticides,diseases,and
4、habitat loss,这个毛葺葺的小动物 是一只从蜂巢中露出半个身子的幼蜂,而蜜蜂们现在正面临几个问题,包括农药、疾病以及栖息地的丧失,00:58backyard:n.后院;后庭 Geographic:adj.地理的;地理学的 compelling:adj.引人注目的;强制的;激发兴趣的/v.强迫;以强力获得(compel的ing形式)pollinate:vt.对.授粉 crops:n.农作物(crop的复数);收成;冶切头/v.种植(crop的三单形式);收割;修剪;产庄稼 photographer:n.摄影师;照相师 furry:adj.毛皮的;盖着毛皮的;似毛皮的 brood:vt.
5、孵;沉思/n.一窝;一伙pesticides:n.农药农药;农药杀虫剂(pesticide的复数)habitat:n.生态栖息地,产地but the single greatest threat is a parasitic mite from Asia,Varroa destructor.但最大的威胁是一种来自亚洲的寄生螨,01:11And this pinhead-sized mite crawls onto young bees andsucks their blood.这种针头大小的螨虫会爬向幼蜂 然后吸它们的血。01:18This eventually destroys a hive
6、 because it weakens theimmune system of the bees,and it makes them morevulnerable to stress and disease.这实际上会毁掉一个蜂巢,因为它会减弱蜜蜂的免疫系统,使它们更容易受到压力和疾病的伤害。01:23Now,bees are the most sensitive when theyre developinginside their brood cells,and I wanted to know what thatprocess really looks like,so I teamed u
7、p with a bee lab atU.C.Davis and figured out how to raise bees in front of acamera.当蜜蜂在蜂巢中发育的时候 是它们最敏感的时期,而我想要了解这个过程是怎样的,所以我跟加州大学戴维斯校区的一个蜜蜂实验室合作 并且琢磨出如何在摄像机前养蜜蜂。01:33Im going to show you the first 21 days of a bees lifecondensed into 60 seconds.我将在接下来的60秒里,浓缩地向你们展示一只蜜蜂生命最初的21天。01:47This is a bee egg
8、 as it hatches into a larva,and those newlyhatched larvae swim around their cells feeding on this whitegoo that nurse bees secrete for them.这是一个正在孵化为幼虫的蜂卵,这些初孵幼虫在它们的蜂巢中游动,以这种保育蜂分泌的白色粘性物为食。01:55parasitic:adj.寄生的(等于parasitical)mite:n.极小量;小虫;小孩儿;微小的东西 Varroa:瓦螨属(Varroa),是蜜蜂的体外寄生螨之一。crawls:vi.爬行;匍匐行进/vt
9、.爬行;缓慢地行进/n.爬行;养鱼池;匍匐而行 hive:vi.群居;入蜂房;生活在蜂房中/n.蜂房,蜂巢;热闹的场所;熙攘喧闹的人群/vt.入蜂箱;贮备 weakens:vt.减少;使变弱;使变淡/vi.变弱;畏缩;变软弱 vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的，易受的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的 teamed up with:与合作,与协作 condensed:adj.浓缩的;扼要的/vt.浓缩(condense的过去分词)hatches:n.孵化;船航舱口(hatches的复数形式)/v.孵出(hatch的第三人称单数)larva:n.水产幼体,昆幼虫 hatched:adj.阴影线的/
10、v.孵化;策划(hatch的过去分词形式)goo:n.感伤;粘性物 secrete:vt.藏匿;私下侵吞;分泌Then,their head and their legs slowly differentiate as theytransform into pupae.然后,它们的头和腿在它们变成蛹的过程中慢慢地分化。02:11Heres that same pupation process,and you can actually seethe mites running around in the cells.这是跟上面相同的蛹化过程,你可以看到螨虫在这些蜂巢中爬行。02:21TED演讲者
11、：Anand Varma|安纳德.瓦尔马演讲标题：The first 21 days of a bees life|走进蜜蜂生命中的最初21天内容概要：We.ve heard that bees are disappearing.But what is making bee colonies sovulnerable?Photographer Anand Varma raised bees in his backyard in front of a camera to get an up close view.This project,for National Geographic,gives
12、 a lyrical glimpse into abeehive,and reveals one of the biggest threats to its health,a mite that preys on baby bees intheir first 21 days of life.With footage set to music from Rob Moose and the Magik.MagikOrchestra,Varma shows the problem.and what.s being done to solve it.我们听说过蜜蜂正在消失。但是是什么使得蜜蜂的栖息地
13、如此的脆弱？安纳德.瓦尔马养了一些蜜蜂在他家的后院里在摄像机镜头前以便近距离地观察它们。这个为国家地理而做的项目，给了蜂巢诗意的一瞥并且揭示了一个对蜜蜂健康最大的威胁：那就是一种捕食出生21天以内幼蜂的螨虫。通过他拍摄的不可思议的影像，并配以Magik.Magik管弦乐队的音乐，瓦尔马向我们展示了这个问题，以及人们为解决这个问题所采取的行动。Then the tissue in their body reorganizes and the pigmentslowly develops in their eyes.然后它们身体组织开始重组,而色素也慢慢地在它们的眼睛中发展。02:27The la
14、st step of the process is their skin shrivels up and theysprout hair.这个过程的最后一步是它们的皮肤皱缩 并且长出葺毛。02:38(Music)So-(Applause)As you can see halfway throughthat video,the mites were running around on the baby bees,and the way that beekeepers typically manage these mites isthey treat their hives with chemic
15、als.（音乐）因此（掌声）正如你在视频中所看到的,这些螨虫在小蜜蜂中爬行,而养蜂人治理这些螨虫的典型做法 就是在蜂房里使用化学药品。02:47In the long run,thats bad news,so researchers are workingon finding alternatives to control these mites.长远来看,这是一个坏消息,因此研究人员正在寻找治理这些螨虫的替代方案。03:19differentiate:vi.区分,区别/vt.区分,区别 pupation:n.蛹化 mites:n.螨虫类(mite的复数)reorganizes:vt.整理;
16、改组;重新制定/vi.整顿;改编 pigment:n.物生化色素;颜料/vt.给着色/vi.呈现颜色 shrivels:vi.枯萎;皱缩/vt.使枯萎;使皱缩;使束手无策 sprout:vi.发芽;长芽/vt.使发芽;使萌芽/n.芽;萌芽;苗芽 As you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的 beekeepers:n.养蜂人 typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地 hives:n.蜂巢,蜂房(hive的复数);皮肤荨麻疹;假膜性喉头炎/v.使(蜜蜂)入蜂箱(hive的第三人称单数)In the long run:长远;终究 alternatives:n.替代选择(alter
17、native的复数);可供选择的事物This is one of those alternatives.以下是这些替代方案中的一个。03:28Its an experimental breeding program at the USDA Bee Labin Baton Rouge,and this queen and her attendant bees arepart of that program.这是位于巴吞鲁日的美国农业部蜜蜂实验室的一个试验性育种计划,这只蜂后和她的工蜂是这个计划的一部分。03:30Now,the researchers figured out that some
18、of the bees havea natural ability to fight mites,so they set out to breed a lineof mite-resistant bees.研究人员了解到 有些蜜蜂天生拥有抗螨的能力,所以它们被选出来培育抗螨的蜜蜂。03:39This is what it takes to breed bees in a lab.这就是在实验室培育蜜蜂的情景。03:52The virgin queen is sedated and then artificially inseminatedusing this precision instrum
19、ent.先给这只蜂后施以镇静剂,然后使用这个精密的仪器对它进行人工授精。03:55Now,this procedure allows the researchers to control exactlywhich bees are being crossed,but theres a tradeoff inhaving this much control.这个过程使得研究人员可以 准确地控制使用哪些蜜蜂来进行杂交,但是这种控制也有一个弊端。04:03They succeeded in breeding mite-resistant bees,but in thatprocess,those b
20、ees started to lose traits like their gentlenessand their ability to store honey,so to overcome thatproblem,these researchers are now collaborating withcommercial beekeepers.他们成功地培育出了抗螨虫的蜜蜂,但在这个过程中,这些蜜蜂也开始失去一些特性,比如它们温顺的性格以及储存蜂蜜的能力,因此为了克服这个弊端,这些研究人员正与商业养蜂人进行合作。04:13breeding:n.繁殖;饲养;教养;再生/v.生产;培育;使繁殖(
21、breed的ing形式)Baton:n.指挥棒;接力棒;警棍;司令棒 Rouge:n.胭脂;口红;铁丹,红铁粉/vt.擦口红;在上搽胭脂/vi.搽胭脂;涂口红/adj.(罕)红的(只用于:R-Croix(英国)纹章局四属官之一attendant:adj.伴随的;侍候的/n.服务员,侍者;随员,陪从 set out:出发;开始;陈述;陈列 breed:vi.繁殖;饲养;产生/vt.繁殖;饲养;养育,教育;引起/n.生物品种;种类,类型 sedated:adj.安静的;沉着的/vt.给服镇静剂 artificially:adv.人工地;人为地;不自然地 inseminated:vt.使受胎;栽植;
22、人工授精 tradeoff:n.权衡;折衷;(公平)交易(等于trade-off)traits:n.特性,特质,性格(trait的复数)collaborating:n.合作;协作/v.合作(collaborate的ing形式);协调This is Bret Adee opening one of his 72,000 beehives.这是布雷特埃德正在打开他拥有的72000个蜂箱中的一个。04:30He and his brother run the largest beekeeping operation inthe world,and the USDA is integrating th
23、eir mite-resistantbees into his operation with the hope that over time,他和他的兄弟经营着世界上规模最大的养蜂活动,而美国农业部正将自己的抗螨蜜蜂整合到他的蜜蜂中去,并希望经过一段时间,04:35theyll be able to select the bees that are not only mite-resistant but also retain all of these qualities that make themuseful to us.他们能选育出一些不仅抗螨,而且还保有那些对我们有用的特质的蜜蜂。04
24、:47And to say it like that makes it sound like weremanipulating and exploiting bees,and the truth is,wevebeen doing that for thousands of years.这样说来 好像我们是在操纵和利用蜜蜂,而事实是,我们已经这样做了几千年了。04:56We took this wild creature and put it inside of a box,practically domesticating it,and originally that was so that
25、we could harvest their honey,but over time we started losingour native pollinators,our wild pollinators,我们将这种野生生物放进箱子里,对它进行驯养,我们这样做,原本就是为了收获它们的蜂蜜,但是随着时间的推移,我们开始失去我们的本地传粉者我们的野生传粉者,05:04and there are many places now where those wild pollinatorscan no longer meet the pollination demands of ouragricultu
26、re,so these managed bees have become an integralpart of our food system.并且现在,在很多地方这些野生传粉者 对于我们的农业来说是供不应求,所以这些被管理起来的蜜蜂,已经成为我们的食品系统的组成部分。05:20beehives:n.蜂房(beehive的复数形式)beekeeping:n.养蜂;养蜂业 integrating:v.整合;积分;集成化(integrate的ing形式)/n.集成化;综合化 qualities:统计品质 manipulating:v.操纵;假造;手动(manipulate的ing形式 exploi
27、ting:n.利用;开拓/v.利用;开发(exploit的ing形式)domesticating:驯化(domesticate的现在分词)pollinators:n.植农学传粉者(pollinator的复数)pollination:n.农学授粉(作用)integral:adj.积分的;完整的,整体的;必须的/n.积分;部分;完整So when people talk about saving bees,my interpretation of所以当人们谈论拯救蜜蜂时,我对此的解释是 我们需求拯救我们跟蜜蜂的关系,而为了设计新的解决So when people talk about saving
28、 bees,my interpretation ofthat is we need to save our relationship to bees,and in orderto design new solutions,we have to understand the basicbiology of bees and understand the effects of stressors thatwe sometimes cannot see.需求拯救我们跟蜜蜂的关系,而为了设计新的解决方案,我们得去了解蜜蜂最基础的生物特质,去了解那些我们无法看见的压力对它们产生的影响。05:32In other words,we have to understand bees up close.换句话说,我们得更贴近地去了解蜜蜂。05:57Thank you.谢谢。06:01(Applause)（掌声）06:03stressors:n.压力源(stressor的复数);压力因素*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*