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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件I suspect that every aid worker in Africa comes to a time inher career when she wants to take all the money for herproject?maybe its a school or a training program?pack it in a suitcase,我怀疑 每位在非洲的救援人员 职業生涯中都会有段时间 想把所有计画的经费,也许是支付学校或训练的费用,全都放进皮箱里,00:12get on a plane flying over the poores
2、t villages in the country,and start throwing that money out the window.搭上飞机,飞到全国最穷的村子里,然后开始把钱丢出窗外。00:25Because to a veteran aid worker,the idea of putting cold,hard cash into the hands of the poorest people on Earthdoesnt sound crazy,it sounds really satisfying.因为对经验丰富的救援人员来说,把白花花的现金送到 地球上最穷的人手上 听起来
3、不怎么疯狂,反而非常大快人心。00:33I had that moment right about the 10-year mark,and luckily,thats also when I learned that this idea actually exists,and itmight be just what the aid system needs.我大概在工作满十年的时候有这种感觉,幸运的是,我正好在那个时候发现 这种想法真的存在现实生活中,而那也许符合救援机构的需求。00:46Economists call it an unconditional cash transfer,a
4、nd itsexactly that:Its cash given with no strings attached.经济学家称这种方式为现金移转 意思是;没有任何条件就直接提供现金。00:59Governments in developing countries have been doing thisfor decades,and its only now,with more evidence and newtechnology that its possible to make this a model fordelivering aid.发展中国家的政府 做这件事已经几十年了,直到现在
5、才有更多证据 和新兴科技显示 这种捐助方式可行。01:06suitcase:n.轻手提箱;衣箱 out the window:突然失去了,或者是浪费了某样东西。satisfying:adj.令人满意的;令人满足的 unconditional:adj.无条件的;绝对的;无限制的Its a pretty simple idea,right?这是个很简单的概念,对吧？01:20Well,why did I spend a decade doing other stuff for thepoor?那为什么我还花了十年做其他的事 来幫助穷人？01:23Honestly,I believed that I
6、 could do more good with moneyfor the poor than the poor could do for themselves.老实说,我以前相信 我比穷人更擅于管理钱,比他们自己处理得更好。01:29I held two assumptions:One,that poor people are poor inpart because theyre uneducated and dont make goodchoices;two is that we then need people like me to figure outwhat they need an
7、d get it to them.我假设两件事;第一,穷人之所以穷,有一部分是因为他们没有受教育,而且不懂得做出好选择;第二,我们需要像我这样的人,设想他们需要什么,并提供他们所需。01:37It turns out,the evidence says otherwise.结果事实证明完全相反。01:51In recent years,researchers have been studying whathappens when we give poor people cash.最近几年,调查员一直研究 我们给穷人现金之后的发展。01:55Dozens of studies show acro
8、ss the board that people usecash transfers to improve their own lives.许多研究都显示 大家把现金用在 改善自己的生活。02:02Pregnant women in Uruguay buy better food and give birthto healthier babies.乌拉圭的孕妇会买好一点的食物,生下的婴儿就会比较健康。02:09Sri Lankan men invest in their businesses.斯里兰卡男性则投资在自己的生意上。02:14Researchers who studied our w
9、ork in Kenya found thatpeople invested in a range of assets,from livestock toequipment to home improvements,and they saw increases inincome from business and farming one year after the cashwas sent.调查员研究我们在肯亚做的服务,发现大家投资在各种财产上,从家畜、设备到改善家园,而且他们还看见收入的成长,从经商到务农都获利,成效就出现在他们送出钱的一年后。02:17uneducated:adj.无知的
10、;未受教育的/v.未受教育(uneducate的过去分词)make good:成功;赔偿;补偿 transfers:n.电子计传输(tansfer的复数);动心理迁移/v.计转移;变换;调任(transfer的第三人称单数)give birth to:产生,造成;生孩子assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;有益的品质;经财产;有利条件(一项)财物;资产(asset的名词复数);(商店,破产者等的)财产;遗产;有价值的人或物None of these studies found that people spend more ondrinking or smoking or that people
11、work less.没有任何研究显示 大家花更多钱去抽烟、喝酒,也没有人因此减少工作。02:36In fact,they work more.事实上,他们做得更多。02:43Now,these are all material needs.前面谈到的都是物质需求。02:47In Vietnam,elderly recipients used their cash transfers to payfor coffins.在越南,年长的受助者 把现金拿来买棺材。02:50As someone who wonders if Maslow got it wrong,I find this就像有人怀疑马
12、斯洛的理论是否错了,我发现这个优先满足精神需求的选择 着实令人感到谦逊。TED演讲者：Joy Sun|孙久莹演讲标题：Should you donate differently?|我们该换个方式捐款吗？内容概要：Technology allows us to give cash directly to the poorest people on the planet.Should we do it?In this thought-provoking talk,veteran aid worker Joy Sun explores two waysto help the poor.科技让我们能直
13、接捐款给世界上最穷的人。但我们该这么做吗？在这则发人省思的演说中，资历丰富的救援人员孙久莹深入探讨两种幫助穷人的方式。As someone who wonders if Maslow got it wrong,I find thischoice to prioritize spiritual needs deeply humbling.优先满足精神需求的选择 着实令人感到谦逊。02:58I dont know if I would have chosen to give food orequipment or coffins,which begs the question:How goodar
14、e we at allocating resources on behalf of the poor?我不知道我会选择提供食物、设备还是棺材,这就回到最关键的问题;我们有多擅于分配资源 来为穷人争取利益？03:09Are we worth the cost?我们值那些钱吗？03:22Again,we can look at empirical evidence on what happenswhen we give people stuff of our choosing.同样的,我们可以檢视过去的经验,看看给穷人我们选择的东西之后,发生了什么事。03:25One very telling s
15、tudy looked at a program in India thatgives livestock to the so-called ultra-poor,and they foundthat 30 percent of recipients had turned around and sold thelivestock they had been given for cash.有份很有说服力的研究檢视印度做的计画显示 给所谓的赤贫者牲畜之后,他们发现有 30%的受助者 情况大幅好转,并卖出得到的牲畜 来换取现金。03:32recipients:n.收件人(recipient的复数)c
16、offins:棺材/断送 prioritize:vt.把区分优先次序/vi.把事情按优先顺序排好humbling:adj.令人羞辱的/v.羞辱(humble的ing形式);使谦恭;使卑贱 begs:vt.乞讨;恳求;回避正题/vi.乞讨;请求allocating:n.分配/vt.配置(allocate的ing形式)on behalf of:代表;为了 empirical:adj.经验主义的，完全根据经验的；实证的 so-called:adj.所谓的；号称的The real irony is,for every 100 dollars worth of assets thisprogram ga
17、ve someone,they spent another 99 dollars to doit.很讽刺的是,价值 100 美元的资产 透过计画提供给受助者,他们还要多花 99 美元才能有收获。03:50What if,instead,we use technology to put cash,whetherfrom aid agencies or from any one of us directly into a poorpersons hands.有没有可能,我们换个方式运用科技捐款,不论是由慈善团体,还是任何捐助人 直接捐款到穷人手上。04:01Today,three in four
18、Kenyans use mobile money,which isbasically a bank account that can run on any cell phone.现在有四分之三的肯亚人使用电子钱包,基本上就是能在任何行动电话上操作的银行帐户。04:13A sender can pay a 1.6 percent fee and with the click of abutton send money directly to a recipients account with nointermediaries.捐款人支付 1.6%的手续费,点一下按钮,就能直接捐款到受助者的帐户,
19、不需要透过任何人转手。04:20Like the technologies that are disrupting industries in ourown lives,payments technology in poor countries coulddisrupt aid.就像在我们生活中破坏产業的科技一样,贫穷国家的付款科技 也会瓦解救援。04:31Its spreading so quickly that its possible to imaginereaching billions of the worlds poor this way.科技传递得如此快速,让人可以想像用这种方式
20、 幫助世界上的几十亿穷人。04:42Thats what weve started to do at GiveDirectly.那就是我们在马上捐(GiveDirectly)开始做的事。04:49irony:n.讽刺；反语；具有讽刺意味的事/adj.铁的；似铁的 agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数)run on:继续,继续下去;连续不断;流逝;涉及 sender:n.邮寄件人;发送人;发报机 recipient:n.容器,接受者;容纳者/adj.容易接受的,感受性强的intermediaries:n.中介机构;中间商;仲裁者,调解者(intermediary的复数)disr
21、upting:使混乱/扰乱(disrupt的现在分词)disrupt:vt.破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱/adj.分裂的,中断的;分散的Were the first organization dedicated to providing cashtransfers to the poor.我们是第一个决定直接将现金移转给穷人的组织。04:52Weve sent cash to 35,000 people across rural Kenya andUganda in one-time payments of 1,000 dollars per family.我们送了现金给三万五千名
22、 住在肯亚和乌干达乡村的人,一次提供一千美元 给每个家庭。04:57So far,weve looked for the poorest people in the poorestvillages,and in this part of the world,theyre the ones livingin homes made of mud and thatch,not cement and iron.至今,我们仍寻找最穷苦的人,那些人住在世界这个地区最穷的村庄里,他们住的房子 用泥巴和茅草搭成,而不是钢筋水泥。05:08So lets say thats your family.假设那是你家
23、,05:19We show up at your door with an Android phone.我们带着安卓手机出现在你家门口。05:21Well get your name,take your photo and a photo of yourhut and grab the GPS coordinates.我们问了你的名字,幫你还有小屋照张相,然后用卫星定位。05:24That night,we send all the data to the cloud,and each piecegets checked by an independent team using,for one
24、example,satellite images.当天晚上,我们会把所有资料传上云端,每一个案件都由独立团体审查,运用卫星影像等方式。05:30Then,well come back,well sell you a basic cell phone if youdont have one already,and a few weeks later,we sendmoney to it.之后我们会再回来,我们会卖你一支简易手机,如果你本来没有手机。几周后,我们会付钱到那上面。05:40one-time:adj.以前的;古时的/adv.一度(等于onetime);从前 thatch:n.茅草,杂草
25、;浓密的头发;茅草屋顶/vt.用茅草覆盖屋顶Android:n.机器人;安卓操作系统 grab:vt.攫取;霸占;将深深吸引/vi.攫取;夺取/n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物 coordinates:n.数坐标;相配之衣物/v.使协调;使调和(coordinate的第三人称单数形式)Something that five years ago would have seemedimpossible we can now do efficiently and free of corruption.五年前,这件事看似天方夜谭,现在,我们可以有效率地执行,而且免受贪汙之苦。05:51The more cas
26、h we give to the poor,and the more evidencewe have that it works,the more we have to reconsidereverything else we give.我们给穷人越多钱,就有越多的证据显示这个作法成功,我们也就越需要重新思考 该提供的是什么。05:59Today,the logic behind aid is too often,well,we do at leastsome good.现在救援背后的念头经常是 嗯,至少我们做了点好事。06:10When were complacent with that a
27、s our bar,when we tellourselves that giving aid is better than no aid at all,we tendto invest inefficiently,in our own ideas that strike us asinnovative,on writing reports,on plane tickets and SUVs.当我们沾沾自喜 认为那是我们的成就,当我们告诉自己有援助 总比什么援助都没有还好的时候,我们反而会做效益不大的投资,抱着我们自认为创新的想法,像是投资在写报导,或是机票和休旅车上。06:17What if
28、 the logic was,will we do better than cash givendirectly?要是采用当时的逻辑,我们能做得比直接给钱还好吗？06:38Organizations would have to prove that theyre doing moregood for the poor than the poor can do for themselves.组织必须证明 他们幫穷人做得更好,更胜于穷人自己动手做。06:46Of course,giving cash wont create public goods likeeradicating disease
29、or building strong institutions,but itcould set a higher bar for how we help individual familiesimprove their lives.当然,给钱无法创造公共利益,像是消灭疾病或盖稳固的建筑,但给钱可以提高目标,让我们幫助每个家庭 改善他们的生活。06:52efficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式)free of:adj.无的;摆脱的;在外面 complacent:adj.自满的;得意的;满足的 inefficiently:adv.无效率地;缺乏能力地 inno
30、vative:adj.革新的，创新的 eradicating:根除I believe in aid.我相信援助。07:09I believe most aid is better than just throwing money out of aplane.我相信大部分的援助都好过于只是 从飞机上丢钱。07:10www.XiYuS锡育软件I am also absolutely certain that a lot of aid today isnt betterthan giving directly to the poor.我也确信 现在许多援助 都不比直接给穷人钱还好。07:15I hope that one day,it will be.我希望有一天,我们能做得更好。07:24Thank you.谢谢。07:27(Applause)（掌声）07:29*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*