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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件KB:Thank you so much.CA:Thank you,Khalida.(Applause)Let me tell you a story about a little girl named Naghma.布罗希;非常谢谢你。安德森;谢谢你,哈立达。（掌声）让我来讲一个故事 主人公是个叫纳格玛的小女孩917573Naghma lived in a refugee camp with her parents and hereight brothers and sisters.她和父母及8个兄弟姊妹 同住在难民营里00:18Every morning,her
2、father would wake up in the hopes hedbe picked for construction work,and on a good month hewould earn 50 dollars.每个早上,她父亲 总希望能在工地上找到点活 走运的时候他能一个月挣上50美金00:23The winter was very harsh,and unfortunately,Naghmasbrother died and her mother became very ill.在一个很冰雪严寒的冬天 纳格玛的一位兄弟不幸死去了 她母亲也患了重病00:31In despera
3、tion,her father went to a neighbor to borrow2,500 dollars.在绝望之下,他父亲向邻居 借了2500美金00:37After several months of waiting,the neighbor became veryimpatient,and he demanded that he be paid back.几个月的等待后 邻居的耐心消耗殆尽 他要求纳格码父亲还钱00:42Unfortunately,Naghmas father didnt have the money,andso the two men agreed to a
4、jirga.不幸的是,纳格玛的父亲拿不出钱 两人于是同意通过族长会议解决问题00:48So simply put,a jirga is a form of mediation thats used inAfghanistans informal justice system.简而言之,族长会议是一种 阿富汗民间的仲裁手段00:53Its usually presided over by religious leaders and villageelders,and jirgas are often used in rural countries likeAfghanistan,where th
5、eres deep-seated resentment againstthe formal system.主持者通常是宗教领袖 或是村里的长者 族长会议多见于阿富汗这类乡村国家 这些国家的人民对政府 抱有根深蒂固的仇恨00:59harsh:adj.严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的/mediation:n.调解;仲裁;调停 informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的 presided:v.主持(preside的过去式)religious:adj.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的/n.修道士；尼姑elders:n.长老;尊长(elder的复数)deep-seated:a
6、dj.深层的;根深蒂固的;深位的 resentment:n.愤恨,怨恨At the jirga,the men sat together and they decided that thebest way to satisfy the debt would be if Naghma married theneighbors 21-year-old son.在会议中,人们围坐在一起 商讨得出偿债的最佳方案 就是让纳格玛嫁给邻居21岁的儿子01:11She was six.当时她才6岁01:21Now,stories like Naghmas unfortunately are all tooco
7、mmon,and from the comforts of our home,we may lookat these stories as another crushing blow to womens rights.很不幸,像纳格玛这样的遭遇 现在仍然屡见不鲜 而置身事外的我们 也许能将这个故事 视作对女权运动的一次重击01:24And if you watched Afghanistan on the news,you may havethis view that its a failed state.如果你看过阿富汗的新闻 也许你会觉得这个国家已陷入混乱01:33However,Afgh
8、anistan does have a legal system,and whilejirgas are built on long-standing tribal customs,even injirgas,laws are supposed to be followed,and it goes withoutsaying that giving a child to satisfy a debt is not only grosslyimmoral,its illegal.然而,阿富汗其实是有法律体制的 虽然族长会议基于传承已久的部落风俗 按理上它应该遵守法律 很显然 用孩子来偿债 这不仅
9、粗鲁缺德,而且违法01:39In 2008,I went to Afghanistan for a justice funded program,and I went there originally on this nine-month program totrain Afghan lawyers.08年我受一个司法公正项目赞助 去了阿富汗 起初是为了一个为期9个月的项目 培训阿富汗的律师们01:59comforts:n.安慰;舒适;安慰者/vt.安慰;使(痛苦等)缓和 crushing:adj.压倒的;决定性的;不能站起来;支离破碎的/v.压破,征服,冲入(crush的过去式和过去分词形式
10、)long-standing:adj.长期存在的;存在已久的 grossly:adv.很;非常 immoral:adj.不道德的;邪恶的;淫荡的 funded:adj.提供资金的/v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息(fund的过去式)In that nine months,I went around the country and I talkedto hundreds of people that were locked up,and I talked tomany businesses that were also operating in Afghanistan.这9个月里,我造访了
11、全国各地 和上千位被关押的人谈过话 也和很多在阿富汗 营运的公司进行了交流02:09And within these conversations,I started hearing theconnections between the businesses and the people,and在这些对话中 我逐渐了解了这些企业 与民众之间的关系 也了解到那些应该保护人们的法律 如何没有好好地被利用 反之,粗暴而违法的处罚成为常态TED演讲者：Kimberley Motley|金伯利.莫特里演讲标题：How I defend the rule of law|我如何捍卫法治内容概要：Every h
12、uman deserves protection under their country.s laws even when that law isforgotten or ignored.Sharing three cases from her international legal practice,KimberleyMotley,an American litigator practicing in Afghanistan and elsewhere,shows how a country.sown laws can bring both justice and“justness”:usi
13、ng the law for its intended purpose,toprotect.每一位公民都应该获得她所居住的国家的法律的保护即使是在该国的法律被遗忘或者是被忽略的时候也该如此。金伯利.莫特里分享了她在阿富汗以及其他地区参与国际法律实践的三个案例，说明一个国家自身的法律如何可以带来公义以及公平，而具体的做法就是回顾法律本来的目的，也就是保护人民。connections between the businesses and the people,andhow laws that were meant to protect them were beingunderused,while
14、gross and illegal punitive measures wereoverused.有好好地被利用 反之,粗暴而违法的处罚成为常态02:18And so this put me on a quest for justness,and what justnessmeans to me is using laws for their intended purpose,whichis to protect.这让我决心伸张正义 正义对我而言 是让法律 起到原有的目的02:31The role of laws is to protect.法律的作用是提供保护02:43So as a res
15、ult,I decided to open up a private practice,and Ibecame the first foreigner to litigate in Afghan courts.因此,我决定开间私人事务所 并成为阿富汗法庭上第一位 外籍诉讼律师02:46Throughout this time,I also studied many laws,I talked tomany people,I read up on many cases,and I found that thelack of justness is not just a problem in Af
16、ghanistan,but its aglobal problem.在此期间,我还研究了很多法律条文 和很多人作了交谈 看了很多案例 我发现,正义的缺失不仅仅 只在阿富汗发生 这其实是个全球性问题02:54punitive:adj.惩罚性的;刑罚的 overused:adj.过度使用的/v.过度使用(overuse的过去分词)justness:n.公正;正确,精确open up:打开;开发;开始;展示,揭露 litigate:vt.在法庭相争;提出诉讼/vi.对簿法庭 read up:攻读,研读And while I originally shied away from representin
17、g humanrights cases because I was really concerned about how itwould affect me both professionally and personally,之前我选择避开那些 和人权相关的案件 因为那时我担心它在职业生涯和个人生活上 会带来怎样的不可预测的影响03:07I decided that the need for justness was so great that Icouldnt continue to ignore it.当我确定正义是如此地需要伸张时 我知道我不能再逃避03:15And so I star
18、ted representing people like Naghma pro bonoalso.所以我开始为像纳格玛这样的人们辩护 也做无偿性辩护03:20Now,since Ive been in Afghanistan and since Ive been anattorney for over 10 years,Ive represented from CEOs ofFortune 500 companies to ambassadors to little girls likeNaghma,and with much success.在阿富汗这样的国家 对于有过十多年律师经验的我,我
19、代表的上至500强企业 下至纳格玛这样的小女孩 胜诉率很高03:25And the reason for my success is very simple:I work thesystem from the inside out and use the laws in the ways thattheyre intended to be used.我成功的理由很简单 我以法律体制的本质为出发点 将法律用于行使 它们本来的职能上03:36I find that achieving justness in places like Afghanistan isdifficult,and there
20、s three reasons.我发现 在阿富汗这样的地方要获得正义 很难的原因有三03:45The first reason is that simply put,people are veryuneducated as to what their legal rights were,and I find thatthis is a global problem.首先,简单来说 人们对他们的法律权利一无所知 这其实也是个全球性问题03:53shied:v.回避;(指马)惊退;后退;厌恶(shy的过去分词形式)representing:v.代表;表示,表现(represent的ing形式)pr
21、ofessionally:adv.专业地;内行地 pro:adv.赞成地/n.赞成者;赞成的意见/prep.赞成 ambassadors:n.大使(ambassador的复数形式)inside out:彻底地;里面翻到外面 uneducated:adj.无知的;未受教育的/v.未受教育(uneducate的过去分词)The second issue is that even with laws on the books,itsoften superseded or ignored by tribal customs,like in thefirst jirga that sold Naghma
22、 off.其次 即使有成文法 它们也通常被部落风俗忽视甚至篡改 就像开头提到的把纳格玛 当货物出卖的族长会议04:01And the third problem with achieving justness is that evenwith good,existing laws on the books,there arent people orlawyers that are willing to fight for those laws.第三个问题关于获取正义的途径 即使书上有合理的法律 我们缺乏律师和其他人愿意牺牲 为维护法律而战04:12And thats what I do:I u
23、se existing laws,often unused laws,and I work those to the benefits of my clients.这正是我在做的;我运用那些 被当成花瓶的法律 来维护我当事人的利益04:22We all need to create a global culture of human rights andbe investors in a global human rights economy,and byworking in this mindset,we can significantly improve justiceglobally.我
24、们都需要为人权 创造一个全球性地文化氛围 并且为全球人权建设添砖加瓦 以这样的心态努力 我们能大大改进全球的司法现状04:30Now lets get back to Naghma.回到纳格玛的故事04:42Several people heard about this story,and so they contactedme because they wanted to pay the$2,500 debt.一些人听说了之后 他们联系了我 想代还那2500美元的债务04:44And its not just that simple;you cant just throw money att
25、his problem and think that its going to disappear.但事情并非这样简单 你不能妄想仅仅靠出钱 就能根治问题04:51superseded:adj.作废的;被取代的/v.取代;克制;废弃(supersede的过去分词)unused:adj.不用的;从未用过的 mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态 significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地 contacted:交往,接触(contact的过去式和过去分词)Thats not how it works in Afghanistan.这在阿富汗是行不通04:56So I tol
26、d them Id get involved,but in order to get involved,what needed to happen is a second jirga needed to becalled,a jirga of appeals.于是我告诉他们我要参与 但参与的前提,就需要 再召开一次族长会议 一个申诉的族长会议04:58And so in order for that to happen,we needed to get thevillage elders together,we needed to get the tribal leaderstogether,
27、the religious leaders.要让它顺利召开 我们需要将村里的长老 和部落领袖 还有宗教领袖聚到一起05:09Naghmas father needed to agree,the neighbor needed toagree,and also his son needed to agree.我们要征得纳格玛爸爸的同意 要征得邻居的同意还要征得他儿子的同意05:18And I thought,if Im going to get involved in this thing,thenthey also need to agree that I preside over it.我觉
28、得,要是我想参与其中 他们得承认我的权威性05:23So,after hours of talking and tracking them down,and about30 cups of tea,they finally agreed that we could sit down fora second jirga,and we did.所以,经过数小时谈话 挨家挨户找到他们 并且喝了近30杯茶之后 他们最终同意一起 召开第二次族长会议05:30And what was different about the second jirga is this time,we put the law
29、at the center of it,and it was very importantfor me that they all understood that Naghma had a right tobe protected.这次会议与上次的不同之处在于 这回司法成为核心 对我来说 他们都能理解纳格玛有权受保护 是很重要的05:43And at the end of this jirga,it was ordered by the judge thatthe first decision was erased,and that the$2,500 debt wassatisfied,an
30、d we all signed a written order where all the menacknowledged that what they did was illegal,and if they didit again,that they would go to prison.这次族长会议结束时 法官宣布 上次的决议作废2500美金的债务问题解决了 我们都签了一份书面文书 这样每个人都知道了 他们之前的做法是违法的 要是他们再这么做,会因此入狱05:53appeals:n.法上诉;恳求(appeal的复数)/v.有吸引力(appeal的单三形式);将上诉;恳求 preside:v
31、i.主持,担任会议主席/vt.管理 erased:adj.被清除的;断掉并留有不平均边的/v.抹去(erase的过去分词);消除 acknowledged:adj.公认的;被普遍认可的/v.承认;确认(acknowledge的过去式和过去分词);答谢(Applause)Thanks.（掌声）谢谢06:16And most importantly,the engagement was terminatedand Naghma was free.而最为重要的是 婚约被取消了 纳格玛自由了06:19Protecting Naghma and her right to be free protects
32、 us.保护纳格玛和她自由的权利 其实也是在保护我们自己06:24Now,with my job,theres above-average amount of risksthat are involved.现在我这份工作的危险性 远高于平均水平06:30Ive been temporarily detained.我受过临时拘禁06:36Ive been accused of running a brothel,accused of being aspy.我曾被诬告经营妓院 我曾被诬陷为间谍06:39www.XiYuS锡育软件Ive had a grenade thrown at my offi
33、ce.我办公室曾被手榴弹袭击06:44It didnt go off,though.不过它没有爆炸06:46But I find that with my job,that the rewards far outweighthe risks,and as many risks as I take,my clients take fargreater risks,because they have a lot more to lose if theircases go unheard,or worse,if theyre penalized for havingme as their lawye
34、r.但是我觉得我的工作 带来的成就感远大于风险 而且,我承担的风险和我的当事人相比 是微不足道的因为如果他们的案子无人问津 他们将失去的实在太多 甚至,他们还会因请了我作为律师而受罚06:48And most importantly:最主要的是 terminated:v.终止;结束;终结(terminate的过去分词)/adj.终止的;有限的 above-average:平均以上;在一般水准以上 detained:v.被扣留,法扣留(detain的过去分词)brothel:n.妓院 grenade:n.手榴弹;灭火弹/vt.扔手榴弹;用催泪弹攻击 rewards:n.劳经奖励;奖品(rewar
35、d的复数)/v.劳经奖赏;酬谢;报答(reward的单三形式)outweigh:vt.比重(在重量上);比重要;比有价值 unheard:adj.听不到的;未被倾听的;不予理睬的 penalized:vt.处罚;处刑;使不利With every case that I take,I realize that as much as Imstanding behind my clients,that theyre also standingbehind me,and thats what keeps me going.我每接一个案子 就更意识到在我支持我的当事人同时他们也支持着我 这是我坚持下去的
36、来源07:03Law as a point of leverage is crucial in protecting all of us.法律作为一个支点 对于保护大家有关键作用07:14Journalists are very vital in making sure that thatinformation is given to the public.记者在确保正确的信息 被传达给观众这一点上也起关键作用07:18Too often,we receive information from journalists but weforget how that information was
37、given.然而,我们经常从记者那里获得信息 却忘了这些信息是如何采集来的07:24This picture is a picture of the British press corps inAfghanistan.这张照片 是英国报社记者们在阿富汗的合影07:30It was taken a couple of years ago by my friend David Gill.是十几年前由我的朋友大卫吉尔拍摄的07:35According to the Committee to Protect Journalists,since2010,there have been thousands
38、 of journalists who havebeen threatened,injured,killed,detained.据记者保护协会所称 2010年以来,已有近千民记者被威胁,被伤害 被杀,被拘禁07:38Too often,when we get this information,we forget who itaffects or how that information is given to us.很多时候,我们在取得信息的时候 忘了它将会影响哪些人 或者这信息是怎样传达给我们的07:47What many journalists do,both foreign and do
39、mestic,is veryremarkable,especially in places like Afghanistan,and itsimportant that we never forget that,because what theyreprotecting is not only our right to receive that information很多国内外的记者的所作所为是很了不起的 特别是在阿富汗这样的地方 我们不该忘记这一点 因为他们所保护的 不只是我们获得信息的权利 更是民主社会的梁柱 新闻自由07:54protecting is not only our righ
40、t to receive that informationbut also the freedom of the press,which is vital to ademocratic society.leverage:n.手段,影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效率/v.利用;举债经营 Journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数)Matt Rosenberg is a journalist in Afghanistan.马特罗森堡是位在阿富汗的记者08:11He works for The New York Times,and unfortunately,a fewmonths a
41、go he wrote an article that displeased people in thegovernment.他为纽约时报工作 不幸的是,几个月前 他的一篇文章触怒了 当地政府要员08:15As a result,he was temporarily detained and he was illegallyexiled out of the country.结果他不仅受了临时拘禁 还被非法地驱逐出境了08:22I represent Matt,and after dealing with the government,Iwas able to get legal acknow
42、ledgment that in fact he wasillegally exiled,and that freedom of the press does exist inAfghanistan,and theres consequences if thats not followed.我为马特辩护 在和政府交涉之后 我收到了合法承认书 承认他被非法驱逐的事实 以及在阿富汗,新闻享有自由 而不实现的话会产生严重后果08:29And Im happy to say that as of a few days ago,the Afghangovernment formally invited
43、him back into the country andthey reversed their exile order of him.我很高兴地宣布 就在几天前 阿富汗政府 正式邀请他重回该国 他们撤消了他的驱逐令08:44(Applause)If you censor one journalist,then it intimidatesothers,and soon nations are silenced.（掌声）如果一位记者受到审查,其他人会感受到威胁 很快国家就缄默了08:55displeased:adj.不快的;生气的/v.使不快(displease的过去式和过去分词)illega
44、lly:adv.非法地 exiled:adj.流亡的;放逐的/v.放逐(exile的过去分词)acknowledgment:n.感谢;承认;承认书 consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数)reversed:adj.颠倒的;相反的;(判决等)撤销的/v.颠倒(reverse的过去式和过去分词);翻转 exile:n.流放,充军;放逐,被放逐者;流犯/vt.放逐,流放;使背井离乡 censor:vt.审查,检查;检查和删节/n.检查员;心理潜意识压抑力;信件检查员 intimidates:vt.恐吓,威胁;胁迫 silenced:adj.无声的;装了消音器的/
45、v.使沉默(silence的过去分词形式);使安静Its important that we protect our journalists and freedom ofthe press,because that makes governments moreaccountable to us and more transparent.所以保护记者们和新闻的自由 是非常重要 因为这会让政府对人民更加负责任 执政也更透明09:05Protecting journalists and our right to receive informationprotects us.保护记者和人民的知情权 就
46、是保护我们自己09:13Our world is changing.We live in a different world now,andwhat were once individual problems are really now globalproblems for all of us.世界一直在变,现在的和之前已大不相同 过去的个人问题 现已成为涉及每个人的全球性问题09:19Two weeks ago,Afghanistan had its first democratic transferof power and elected president Ashraf Ghani,w
47、hich is huge,and Im very optimistic about him,and Im hopeful that hellgive Afghanistan the changes that it needs,especially withinthe legal sector.两周前,阿富汗迎来了首次 民主权力交接 并选出总统阿什拉夫加尼,这意义重大 我对他持乐观态度我希望他能为阿富汗带来 该国所需的变化 特别是法律方面09:28We live in a different world.我们生活的世界不同了09:45We live in a world where my eig
48、ht-year-old daughter onlyknows a black president.现在我8岁的女儿 只知道有位黑人总统09:47Theres a great possibility that our next president will be awoman,and as she gets older,she may question,can a whiteguy be president?但我们的下任总统也许 会是位女总统 那她渐渐长大时,也许会思考 白人男子能当总统吗？09:52(Laughter)（笑声）10:00(Applause)Our world is changi
49、ng,and we need to changewith it,and what were once individual problems areproblems for all of us.（掌声）我们的世界在改变,我们要随之而变 过去我们个人的问题 现在是每个人的问题10:02accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的According to UNICEF,there are currently over 280 millionboys and girls who are married under the age of 15.联合国儿童基金会称 现有近28亿少男少
50、女 未满15岁 就结婚了10:13Two hundred and eighty million.整整28亿10:25Child marriages prolong the vicious cycle of poverty,poorhealth,lack of education.童婚会延长贫困 疾病,教育缺失的恶性循环10:27At the age of 12,Sahar was married.瑟哈尔12岁时出嫁了10:34She was forced into this marriage and sold by her brother.她被哥哥卖掉 被迫结了婚10:38When she w