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1、高考英语校园与学习类词汇讲解1.expect /kspekt/v.期待,期望【重点变形解析】expectation (n.) 期待希望【真题例句】In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难), by a cameraman who had no expectation of survival.一个对存活没有期望的摄影师unexpected(adj.)意料之外的【示例】This is an unexpected result.I am admitted b
2、y Peking University.这是个意想不到的结果我被北京大学录取了【真题例句】Lindseys husband was totally _by the unexpected visit.A.discouraged B.relaxedC.astonished D.defeated答案:C2.curious /kjris/adj.好奇的【用法与搭配】be curious about对感到好奇【示例】Dear Professor, I am curious about what were going to learn in your class.亲爱的教授,我对我们课上要学的内容很好奇【
3、重点变形解析】curiosity (n.)好奇【常用固定短语】out of curiosity出于好奇;由于好奇【示例】Just out of curiosity,Im asking about what were going to learn in the class.只是出于好奇,我想知道我们要学习什么3.option /pn/【释义详解】电脑键盘中有个option键,它的作用就是直接执行你的选择当你按住option键,再点关机,就直接关机了,也就是你已经选择了关机【用法与搭配】sb.had no option but to 某人别无选择,除了【示例】We had no option bu
4、t to protect our environment from now on.我们除了从现在开始保护环境外别无选择【重点变形解析】optional (adj.) 可选择的;选修的【常用固定短语】optional subject 选修课【示例】Art and music are optional subjects,while English is compulsory.美术和音乐是选修课,而英语是必修的pulsory /kmplsri/adj.强制的,必须做的;必修的【释义详解】compulsory是由前缀com +词根puls +后缀ory构成的词根puls = to drive是“推,驱
5、动”的意思;com前缀表示“共同,起”;ory是形容词后缀共同向前推不由人意控制,就是必须的不得不做的意思了所以compulsory的本意是“强制的,必须做的”【常用固定短语】compulsory course 必修课compulsory education义务教育【真题例句】In recent centuries, trade and industrialization promoted the spread of universal compulsory education.近几个世纪以来,贸易和工业化促进了义务教育的普及5.academy /kdmi/n.学院,学会,研究院线索一:柏拉图
6、常在一个叫做Academus的园林里与当时各地来的青年才俊探讨哲学与学问,这就是哲学最早的模样从这个园林的名词Academus创造出了一个英语单词academy这个词就是专门用来指代“学院学会研究院”线索二:Academy Awards奥斯卡金像奖线索三:Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学研究院【重点变形解析】academic(adj.)学术的学业上的academically(adv.)学术地学业上地【常用固定短语】academic year学年【真题例句】Most colleges now offer first-year students a course sp
7、ecially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.现在多数的大学都为一年级学生开设了一年级学生专门的课程,帮助他们在学业上和个人成长上取得成功6.hesitate /heztet/hesitate /heztet/v.犹豫顾虑【释义详解】hesitate=he(他)sit(坐下)ate(吃),一个人坐在那儿,犹豫到底吃不吃hesitate就表示“犹豫”【真题例句】A few students _ to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class woul
8、d do.A.hurry B.decide C.hesitate D.intend答案:C翻译:一些学生犹豫着要不要开始,他们等着看班上其他人会怎么做【真题例句】No problem and please dont hesitate to call again if you have any other questions.没问题,如果你还有其他的问题请不要犹豫,可以直接给我回电话【重点变形解析】hesitation (n.)犹豫7.brief /brif/adj.简洁的,简短的【释义详解】brief的含义始终围绕着短现在广泛使用的意思就是“短暂的简洁的”【示例】brief introduct
9、ion 简介【常用固定短语】in brief简而言之【用法与搭配】用在作文中,在最后总结论点的时候,用In brief开头+最关键的那个论点【示例】In brief, you are a pig.简而言之,你是一只猪【重点变形解析】briefly (adv.)简短地;简要地【用法与搭配】Briefly speaking+论点 简单来说,.8.instruct /nstrkt/vt.教导,吩咐,指示【重点变形解析】instructor(n.)导师;教练;指导者【释义详解】所有教你做事的人都可以称为instructor【真题例句】The instructor kept repeating the
10、words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”翻译:教练不停地重复着“加速!“慢点!“”左转!”instruction(n.) 教导,命令,指令;说明书易错点:当使用“说明书”这个意思时,应该用复数形式instructions【真题例句】Several others checked the _ (instruct) and made something according to one of the model plans provided.答案:instructions总结:instruct:教我做事(指导吩咐指示)instructor:教我做事的人
11、 (教师教官指导者)instruction:教我做事的行为(指导吩咐指示)+ 教我做事的东(说明书)9.motivation / motven/n.动机,积极性【考点重点】理解这个词的更深一层的含义:当它在高考中出现的时候多数是指去做正面积极的事情,可以理解为“动力”【真题例句】My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise_.A.regularly B.limitlessly C.suddenly D.randomly答案:A10.grade /red/adj.等级级别;年级;分数【释义详解】grade最核心的意思是
12、“等级,级别”,从“等级,级别”衍生出来的有两个常用的意思:释义一:“年级”考点:当表示“年级”时,前面一定要加序数词【真题例句】Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.答案:把five改成fifth释义二:“分数”【释义详解】外国人是按照等级A B C D打分而非分数划分,所以他们聊成绩,都是说grades【示例】This professor always gives good grades.这个教授总是打高分【重点变形解析
13、】upgrade (v.) 升级gradually (adv.) 逐渐地【真题例句】Over 300 years its population(人口) grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.翻译:300多年来,它的人口从800人逐渐增长到800万人11.available /velbl/adj.可获得的,可用的;单身的【释义详解】available的英文释义是“easy or possible to get or use”,既可以用来形容人也可以形容物释义一:“可获得的,可用的”(形容东)【真题例句】A desktop computer, sc
14、reen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available.翻译:提供台式电脑,屏幕,投影仪和扬声器释义二:“单身的”(形容人)【重点变形解析】unavailable (adj.) 无法得到的;不可获得的availability (n.) 可用性12.register /redstr/v.登记【释义详解】第次注册英站的新户时,有个register now的按钮就是“现在注册账号”的意思【真题例句】The following term,I registered for an ASL class.翻译:接下来的这个学期,我登记报名了ASL课程13.pro
15、fession /prfen/n.业,职业【释义详解】iphone的pro系列,很多性能都更强,更具有专业性 家要是看到两款产品,个有pro个没有pro后缀,那定是pro的那个性能更强也更贵【重点变形解析】professor (n.) 教授【释义详解】profession表示“业,职业”,教授是学教师职称的最级,能当上教授必是在的专业领域强敌的专家,所以professor的意思是“教授“【示例】Professor Snape 斯内普教授professional (adj.) 职业的,专业的【真题例句】These people earn a living wage for their profe
16、ssional knowledge and skills.翻译:这些靠他们的专业知识和技能谋14.attend /tend/adj.好斗的,有攻击性的,凶猛的v.出席【释义详解】attend最常的是“出席”的意思,还需掌握它在什么地到指“上课”【示例】attend a history class 上历史课到指“出席会议”或者“参加活动”【示例】attend a meeting 出席个会议【真题例句】Students with I.D.cards can attend the events for free.翻译:有身份证的学可以免费参加活动【考点重点】可在写作中,如考常考的邀请信,邀请某个教授
17、参加学校的什么会议或者活动等等需要对的答复,你就可以写:Ill appreciate it if you tell me in advance whether you will attend XXX or not.如果能提前告诉我你是否能出席XXX,我会常感激的【真题例句】I then made it a point to _ those meetings and learn all I could.A.register B.sponsorC.attend D.organize答案:C翻译:然后我特意去参加那些会议,尽我所能学习15.attention /ten/n.注意线索:在国外看到att
18、ention这个标志时,就是在提醒你把注意集中起来,前可能有危险线索:师在课堂上说的“Attention please”,就是提醒同学们“注意啦!”,集中注意,师接下来讲的话很关键16.presentation /prizenten/n.演讲演示【释义详解】般来说,做presentation,是讲话+ ppt + 各种花胡哨的呈现,speech的花样要多很多【示例】Steve gave a wonderful presentation for the new product.史蒂夫为新产品做了次精彩的演讲17.present /preznt/v.呈现,展现;出现 n.礼物;当下 adj.现在的
19、,当下的释义:“呈现,展现”【示例】Steve did a wonderful job presenting the new product.史蒂夫在展示新产品时做得很出释义:“礼物”释义三:“当下” “现在的,当下的”常固定短语:at present 现在,当下【示例】At present, I want a new smartphone as my birthday present.现在,我想要部新机作为礼物释义四:“出现”【示例】A new smartphone presents itself.个新的机出现了18.absorb /bzrb/v.吸收;理解,掌握释义(本意):“吸收”这种物
20、理现象【示例】Sponges can absorb water.海绵可以吸释义:“理解,掌握”=指抽象地“吸收”知识信息等【示例】absorb knowledge 掌握知识absorb information 吸收信息法与搭配:be absorbed in 专注于某事,被某事吸引【真题例句】These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.翻译:这些孩全神贯注于他们的学习,于是我就坐了回去19.respond /rspnd/v.回应法与搭配:常在两种场景中:1.别问,你答;2.针对别说的话或者发的事情,你语或者动来
21、回应【真题例句】When told that it was a loss to humans, the farmers burst into laughter and _, Our real loss is our decreasing income.”答案:responded翻译:当被告知这是类的损失时,农们突然笑起来,回答说:“我们真正的损失是收的减少”【重点变形解析】response (n.) 答复反应固定搭配:in response to 对做出反应【示例】“Congratulations!” Dennis says, in response to the good news.对于这个
22、好消息,丹尼斯说:“恭喜!”20.debate /dbet/v./n.辩论【释义详解】词根bat是从beat来的,表示“击打”,de前缀是加强,debate就是打得热【考点重点】区分debate和battlebattle:battle的形式debate泛很多,义上的“较量”和“搏”【示例】rapper之间rap来battle dancer们舞蹈来battledebate:纯指唇枪战,每个有的观点,通过语表达来进争论【真题例句】Nicolas and another bidder_ until Nicolas finally won the paintings for $32.A.battled B.debated C.discussed D.bargained答案:A解析:拍卖是实打实的通过钱来进较量,不是你光靠嘴巴辩论就能带东21.dismiss /dsms/v.解散;解雇释义一:“解散”【示例】Class dismissed!下课!释义二:“解雇”【示例】Chanly, you are dismissed.Chanly,你被解雇了9