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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Im a garbage man.我的工作是清潔垃圾00:12And you might find it interesting that I became a garbageman,because I absolutely hate waste.原因還蠻有趣的,我之所以選擇這個行業 正因為我極度厭惡垃圾00:15I hope,within the next 10 minutes,to change the way youthink about a lot of the stuff in your life.接下來十分鐘的演講 我希望能改變大家 對生活周遭物品的看法0
2、0:20And Id like to start at the very beginning.就從最早的時期開始講起00:27Think back when you were just a kid.回想一下小時候00:29How did look at the stuff in your life?你怎麼看待生活中的東西?00:31Perhaps it was like these toddler rules:Its my stuff if I saw itfirst.可能像一般小朋友心中的這套規則一樣 我先看到的東西都是我的00:33The entire pile is my stuff i
3、f Im building something.我在堆東西時成堆都是我的00:40The more stuff thats mine,the better.我的東西愈多愈好00:44And of course,its your stuff if its broken.當然壞掉的都算是別人的00:47(Laughter)Well after spending about 20 years in therecycling industry,its become pretty clear to me that wedont necessarily leave these toddler rules
4、behind as wedevelop into adults.(笑聲)從事回收產業二十年後 我更清楚地體認到這些幼兒時期的規則 並沒有隨著我們長大而全部消失00:50And let me tell you why I have that perspective.讓我來說明這一點01:00toddler:n.学步的小孩;幼童装 pile:n.堆;大量;建筑群/vt.累积;打桩于/vi.挤;堆积;积累 recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用/v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词)Because each and every day at our recycling plant
5、s aroundthe world we handle about one million pounds of peoplesdiscarded stuff.每天,每一天 全世界的廢棄物回收場 處理著上百萬磅 人類製造的廢棄物01:02Now a million pounds a day sounds like a lot of stuff,but itsa tiny drop of the durable goods that are disposed each andevery year around the world-well less than one percent.一天一百萬磅,
6、聽起來似乎是很龐大的數量 但是這只佔每年全世界 被丟棄的耐用品的一小部分 低於比百分之一01:11In fact,the United Nations estimates that theres about 85billion pounds a year of electronics waste that getsdiscarded around the world each and every year-and thatsone of the most rapidly growing parts of our waste stream.事實上聯合國估計 每年大約有八百五十億磅的 電子廢棄物
7、被棄置在全世界 這類垃圾正快速成長中01:20And if you throw in other durable goods like automobilesand so forth,that number well more than doubles.如果加上其它被丟棄的耐用品,像是車子之類的 總數還會增加到兩倍以上01:31And of course,the more developed the country,the biggerthese mountains.當然一個國家的發展程度愈高 堆積的垃圾山就愈大01:36Now when you see these mountains,mos
8、t people think ofgarbage.看到垃圾山時 多數人只想到垃圾01:40We see above-ground mines.我們卻看到地上的礦山01:44discarded:adj.丢弃的;废弃的/v.丢弃(discard的过去分词)disposed:adj.有倾向的;打算做的;有某种健康状态的/v.处理;配置;使适应(dispose的过去分词);使有倾向 estimates:n.估计;预算(estimate的复数);概数/v.评价(estimate的三单形式);估量electronics:n.电子学;电子工业 automobiles:n.车辆汽车,发动器(automobil
9、e复数);关于汽车 above-ground:adj.在地表以上的;在地面上的;合乎现存体制的And the reason we see mines is because theres a lot ofvaluable raw materials that went into making all of this stuffin the first place.我們認定它是礦山,是因為這些被丟棄的物品 當初都是由許多貴重的稀有金屬原料製成的01:46And its becoming increasingly important that we figure outhow to extract
10、these raw materials from these extremelycomplicated waste streams.在極度錯綜複雜的垃圾堆中 提煉出原料的技術 變得愈來愈重要01:52Because as weve heard all week at TED,the worlds gettingto be a smaller place with more people in it who want moreand more stuff.一整周的TED演講都傳達一個訊息 隨著人口不斷增長,世界變得愈來愈小 每個人都想要更多的東西02:00And of course,they w
11、ant the toys and the tools that many ofus take for granted.當然,他們會想擁有這些 我們大部份人早已擁有的玩具跟工具02:07And what goes into making those toys and tools that we use我們每天所用的玩具跟工具 是用什麼材料製造的02:12TED演讲者：Mike Biddle|麦克.比德尔演讲标题：Mike Biddle:We can recycle plastic|我们可以回收塑料内容概要：Discarded plastic,too often,ends up buried or
12、 burned,not recycled(it.s just toocomplicated).But Mike Biddle has found a way to close the loop.只有不到10%的塑料垃圾被回收-金属垃圾却有近90%的回收率-原因塑料存在大量且复杂的回收和分类的问题，鉴于这种浪费的现状，麦克.比德尔发明了一种经济且出色的高效节能工厂，从而可以使得塑料垃圾回收变得可能。And what goes into making those toys and tools that we useevery single day?02:12Its mostly many type
13、s of plastics and many types of metals.主要是各種的塑膠和金屬02:17And the metals,we typically get from ore that we mine inever widening mines and ever deepening mines around theworld.金屬原料 通常採自世界各地 不斷擴大的礦坑 或是更深層的礦坑02:20in the first place:首先;起初 extract:vt.提取;取出;摘录;榨取/n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹 plastics:n.塑料;整形外科;外科修补术metals:
14、五金 typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地 widening:v.使扩大;拓宽;扩展(widen的ing形式);使变宽 deepening:n.加深,延深;向下侵蚀/v.使深化;加深(deepen的现在分词)And the plastics,we get from oil,which we go to moreremote locations and drill ever deeper wells to extract.而塑膠,則是來自石油 油田開採愈來愈偏遠 也愈來愈深02:29And these practices have significant economic anden
15、vironmental implications that were already starting to seetoday.兩者背後 所牽扯的巨大的經濟和環境問題 直到今日,才逐漸浮現出來02:37The good news is we are starting to recover materials fromour end-of-life stuff and starting to recycle our end-of-lifestuff,particularly in regions of the world like here in Europethat have recyclin
16、g policies in place that require that thisstuff be recycled in a responsible manner.好消息是我們開始在使用過的物品中找回有用的材料 並且開始回收這類物品 世界上有些地區,例如歐洲 回收政策已經落實 並明確要求人們 必須盡責地回收物品02:45Most of whats extracted from our end-of-life stuff,if itmakes it to a recycler,are the metals.這些用過的物品,交給回收公司後 所提煉出來的成份主要是金屬03:00To put th
17、at in perspective-and Im using steel as a proxyhere for metals,because its the most common metal-ifyour stuff makes it to a recycler,probably over 90 percent ofthe metals are going to be recovered and reused for anotherpurpose.為了讓大家更清楚了解 我用鋼來說明整個金屬回收的情況 因為鋼是最普遍的金屬 當你把東西交給回收公司 幾乎百分之九十的金屬 將會被找到而且重新使用0
18、3:05Plastics are a whole other story:well less than 10 percent arerecovered.塑膠就完全不同了 不到百分之十的塑膠被回收03:18implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数)recycled:n.再生纸;回收站/adj.环境回收利用的;可循环再造的 extracted:adj.萃取的;引出的/vt.提取(extract的过去式及过去分词)proxy:n.代理人;委托书;代用品 reused:adj.再生的/v.再用;重复利用(reuse的过去分词)In fact,it
19、s more like five percent.實際上的數據是大約百分之五左右03:22Most of its incinerated or landfilled.其餘都被焚化或是用於填埋03:24Now most people think thats because plastics are a throw-away material,have very little value.多數人的觀念裡,塑膠本來就是用完即丟 沒有什麼價值03:26But actually,plastics are several times more valuable thansteel.但實際上,塑膠要比鋼貴上
20、數倍03:30And theres more plastics produced and consumed aroundthe world on a volume basis every year than steel.以容積來比的話 全世界每年的塑膠生產與消耗量也比起金屬更多03:33So why is such a plentiful and valuable material notrecovered at anywhere near the rate of the less valuablematerial?塑膠不僅數量龐大又值錢 為什麼它被回收利用的比例 卻不如那些價格較低的材料呢0
21、3:39Well its predominantly because metals are very easy torecycle from other materials and from one another.主要原因在於 從其他材料與其他金屬中 重新提煉金屬較為容易03:46They have very different densities.金屬的密度彼此相異03:52They have different electrical and magnetic properties.電性跟磁性等特性都不同03:54And they even have different colors.外觀
22、顏色也不同03:56So its very easy for either humans or machines to separatethese metals from one another and from other materials.因此無論是倚賴人力或是機器 都能在多種金屬或其他材料中 分離出金屬03:58incinerated:vi.把烧成灰;烧弃/vt.焚化;烧成灰 predominantly:adv.主要地；显著地 one another:彼此,互相densities:n.密度(density的复数)Plastics have overlapping densities o
23、ver a very narrow range.不同類別的塑膠卻有相近甚至相同的密度04:05They have either identical or very similar electrical andmagnetic properties.電性與磁性 也是近似或完全相同04:09And any plastic can be any color,as you probably well know.塑膠可以有各種顏色 這一點大家大多知道04:13So the traditional ways of separating materials just simplydont work for
24、plastics.所以傳統的材料分離法 不適用在塑膠上04:17Another consequence of metals being so easy to recycle byhumans is that a lot of our stuff from the developed world-and sadly to say,particularly from the United States,金屬比較容易被回收還有另一個因素 大多數的廢棄物是來自已開發國家 很遺憾地說,特別是像美國這樣的國家04:23where we dont have any recycling policies in
25、 place like herein Europe-finds its way to developing countries for low-cost recycling.欠缺歐洲早已實施的回收政策又有許多廢棄物 他們便將開發中國家 當作是廉價回收廢棄物的管道04:32People,for as little as a dollar a day,pick through our stuff.那裡的人僅以一天一美金的低價去撿拾我們的廢棄物04:40www.XiYuS锡育软件They extract what they can,which is mostly the metals-circuit
26、 boards and so forth-and they leave behind mostlywhat they cant recover,which is,again,mostly the plastics.並竭盡所能地提取出有用的物質 大多是金屬類或電路板等 然後丟棄無法回收的物質 這些大部分都是塑膠類04:43overlapping:adj.重叠;覆盖/v.与重叠;盖过(overlap的ing形式)identical:adj.同一的；完全相同的/n.完全相同的事物consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论 low-cost:adj.廉价的;价格便宜的 leave behind:留
27、下;遗留;超过Or they burn the plastics to get to the metals in burn houseslike you see here.或是在這樣的焚燒場中 燃燒塑膠以取出內含的金屬成分04:52And they extract the metals by hand.他們以手工具提煉金屬04:57Now while this may be the low-economic-cost solution,thisis certainly not the low-environmental or human health-and-safety solution.這
28、也許是低經濟成本的解決之道 但絕非低環境成本的策略 也違反人類健康安全的考量05:01I call this environmental arbitrage.我稱之為環境套利交易05:09And its not fair,its not safe and its not sustainable.這不公平,不安全 而且無法永續發展05:12Now because the plastics are so plentiful-and by the way,those other methods dont lead to the recovery of plastics,obviously-but p
29、eople do try to recover the plastics.塑膠製品大量出現 順便一提 有些方法顯然並不能真正地回收塑膠 但人們確實努力嘗試這麼做05:18This is just one example.這裡有個例子05:26This is a photo I took standing on the rooftops of one of thelargest slums in the world in Mumbai,India.這張照片是我站在印度孟買一個貧民窟的屋頂拍的它是世界上最大的貧民窟之一05:28They store the plastics on the roof
30、s.他們把塑膠存放於屋頂05:33They bring them below those roofs into small workshopslike these,and people try very hard to separate the plastics,by color,by shape,by feel,by any technique they can.之後,拿進屋內像這樣的小型工作坊 他們努力的將塑膠分類 用顏色,形狀,觸感 以及任何派得上用場的技巧05:35arbitrage:n.套汇,套利;仲裁 sustainable:adj.可以忍受的；足可支撑的；养得起的；可持续的 le
31、ad to:导致;通向rooftops:n.屋顶/adj.屋顶上的 slums:n.贫民,经贫民区(slum的复数)/v.到贫民窟去;过贫苦生活(slum的第三人称单数)workshops:n.工作坊,工业车间;研习会,讲习班(workshop的复数形式)And sometimes theyll resort to whats known as the burnand sniff technique where theyll burn the plastic and smellthe fumes to try to determine the type of plastic.有時候採取所謂的燃
32、燒嗅聞法 就是將塑膠燃燒後 以產生的煙味來判斷分辨塑膠的種類05:45None of these techniques result in any amount of recyclingin any significant way.這些技巧無法大量地 運用在塑膠回收05:52And by the way,please dont try this technique at home.提醒大家 切勿在家嘗試這類技巧05:57So what are we to do about this space-age material,at leastwhat we used to call a space-
33、aged material,these plastics?我們該怎麼處理這些太空時代的材料 我們以前還宣稱塑膠是太空時代的材料呢06:01Well I certainly believe that its far too valuable and far tooabundant to keep putting back in the ground or certainlysend up in smoke.我承認塑膠太過珍貴,數量也太過龐大 不該被埋回地裡 或燒成煙霧06:07So about 20 years ago,I literally started in my garagetinker
34、ing around,trying to figure out how to separate thesevery similar materials from each other,and eventuallyenlisted a lot of my friends,大約二十年前,我開始在車庫裡東試西試 嘗試去分離 這些特質相似的物質 還拉了許多朋友一起幫忙06:14resort to:依靠,求助于;诉诸;常去 sniff:vi.嗅;嗤之以鼻/vt.嗅;闻;用力吸;发觉/n.吸,闻;嗤之以鼻;气味;以鼻吸气;吸气声 fumes:n.烟气;激动;空想的事物(fume的复数)/v.蒸发;冒烟;发
35、怒(fume的三单形式)result in:导致,结果是 space-age:adj.太空时代的;航天时代的/n.太空时代 send up:射出;使上升;长出;检举;提出;判决入狱 tinkering:n.铸补,熔补/v.做焊锅匠,笨拙的修补(tinker的现在分词形式)enlisted:adj.应募入伍的/v.征募;参军(enlist的过去分词)in the mining world actually,and in the plastics world,andwe started going around to mining laboratories around theworld.特別是在
36、礦業界跟在塑膠業界的朋友 我們拜訪世界各地的礦物分析實驗室06:24Because after all,were doing above-ground mining.畢竟我們正在做的是地上礦物的開採06:30And we eventually broke the code.終於我們破解了其中的奧秘06:33This is the last frontier of recycling.這是回收領域的最新發展06:35Its the last major material to be recovered in any significantamount on the Earth.也是地球上的重要材
37、料中 最後一種被大量回收的06:37And we finally figured out how to do it.我們終於知道方法了06:41And in the process,we started recreating how the plasticsindustry makes plastics.我們重新創造出 塑膠業界製造塑膠的程序06:43The traditional way to make plastics is with oil orpetrochemicals.傳統塑膠製造的方法 是使用石油或是石化原料06:47You breakdown the molecules,you
38、 recombine them in very將分子分解後,以非常特殊的方法重新組合 去製造各種我們每天都在使用的美好塑膠製品06:51You breakdown the molecules,you recombine them in veryspecific ways,to make all the wonderful plastics that weenjoy each and every day.各種我們每天都在使用的美好塑膠製品06:51We said,theres got to be a more sustainable way to makeplastics.而我們認為一定有一套永
39、續的塑膠製造法06:57mining:n.矿业;采矿 laboratories:n.实验室(laboratory的复数)recreating:v.再创造(recreate的ing形式);使得到休养;消遣 molecules:n.化学分子,微粒;化学摩尔(molecule的复数)recombine:vt.重组;再结合/vi.重组;再结合And not just sustainable from an environmental standpoint,sustainable from an economic standpoint as well.它不僅僅要確保環境上的永續發展 也能促進經濟的常久發
40、展07:00Well a good place to start is with waste.從垃圾做起是個不錯的想法07:06It certainly doesnt cost as much as oil,and its plentiful,as Ihope that youve been able to see from the photographs.它不會像石油那麼昂貴 而且數量龐大 如同你在圖片中看到的一樣07:08And because were not breaking down the plastic intomolecules and recombining them,wer
41、e using a miningapproach to extract the materials.我們未採用傳統先分解成分子 再重新組合的方式而是以採礦的方式提煉材料07:14We have significantly lower capital costs in our plantequipment.工廠設備只需 相當低的資本07:21We have enormous energy savings.能源消耗也節省了許多07:25I dont know how many other projects on the planet rightnow can save 80 to 90 perce
42、nt of the energy compared tomaking something the traditional way.我不知道這個地球上有多少專案像我們一樣 在能源的使用上 比起傳統方法節省了百分之八十到九十07:27And instead of plopping down several hundred milliondollars to build a chemical plant that will only make one typeof plastic for its entire life,our plants can make any type ofplastic w
43、e feed them.與其投入上億的資產 去建座化學工廠 卻僅能生產單一種類的塑膠 我們的工廠,提供任何塑膠,即可產出同種類的塑膠07:34And we make a drop-in replacement for that plastic thatsmade from petrochemicals.我們提供的替代塑膠 取代了一般石化廠的製品07:44recombining:n.重新组合;合流/v.重新结合;重新组合(recombine的ing形式)significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地drop-in:n.不速之客(等于dropper-in);顺便的造访;混入信息/adj
44、.顺便的;插入的Our customers get to enjoy huge CO2 savings.我們個客戶很滿意 省下了大量的二氧化碳排放07:48They get to close the loop with their products.他們得以致力於產品改善07:52And they get to make more sustainable products.並製造更多永續性的產品07:54In the short time period I have,I want to show you a little bitof a sense about how we do this.在
45、這簡短的演講中 我想讓大家對我們的作業流程有些概念07:56It starts with metal recyclers who shred our stuff into verysmall bits.第一個步驟是金屬回收機,他們將回收品切成小碎塊08:01They recover the metals and leave behind whats calledshredder residue-its their waste-a very complex mixtureof materials,but predominantly plastics.從中挑出金屬 剩下的就叫粉碎殘餘物,是金屬回收
46、的垃圾 非常複雜的混合物 主要成分是塑膠08:04We take out the things that arent plastics,such as the metalsthey missed,carpeting,foam,rubber,wood,glass,paper,you name it.我們取出非塑膠類的成份 像是被忽略掉的金屬、地毯料、泡沬橡皮、合成橡膠 木材、玻璃、紙、舉凡你能想到的都有08:12Even an occasional dead animal,unfortunately.不幸地有時會發現動物屍體08:20And it goes in the first part o
47、f our process here,which is morelike traditional recycling.這些是作業流程的第一步驟,與傳統回收作業相似08:22Were sieving the material,were using magnets,were usingair classification.篩選材料的方法,有時使用磁鐵 或空氣分級法08:25shred:n.碎片;少量剩余;最少量;破布/vt.切成条状;用碎纸机撕毁/vi.撕碎 shredder:n.碎纸机;撕碎者;切菜器 residue:n.残渣;剩余;滤渣 carpeting:n.毛毯,纺地毯;地毯料/v.铺以地
48、毯(carpet的现在分词)foam:n.泡沫;水沫;灭火泡沫/vi.起泡沫;吐白沫;起着泡沫流动/vt.使起泡沫;使成泡沫状物 sieving:n.筛分;筛选 magnets:n.磁性,电磁磁体(magnet的复数形式);材磁铁It looks like the Willy Wonka factory at this point.有點像是電影巧克力冒險工廠電影裡威利?旺卡的工廠08:29At the end of this process,we have a mixed plasticcomposite:many different types of plastics and manydif
49、ferent grades of plastics.這個步驟完成後,會得到塑膠混合物 包含許多種類以及各種等級的塑膠08:31This goes into the more sophisticated part of our process,and the really hard work,multi-step separation processbegins.接著進行比較精密複雜 也是是真正困難的部分,就是多階段的分離程序08:38We grind the plastic down to about the size of your smallfingernail.我們把這些塑膠碾成小指指甲
50、般大小08:44We use a very highly automated process to sort thoseplastics,not only by type,but by grade.使用高度自動化設備 進行挑選分類 依類型和等級08:47And out the end of that part of the process come little flakes這個步驟最後 會得到小塑膠薄片 有不同種類,不同等級08:53And out the end of that part of the process come little flakesof plastic:one typ