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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件So this is Anna Hazare,and Anna Hazare may well be themost cutting-edge digital activist in the world today.这是安纳?哈扎尔,哈扎尔或许是当今世界上走在最前沿的 线上行动主义者。00:12And you wouldnt know it by looking at him.从外表是看不出来的。00:22Hazare is a 77-year-old Indian anticorruption and socialjustice activist.印度人哈扎尔现已7
2、7岁,是致力于反腐和司法公正的积极分子。00:24And in 2011,he was running a big campaign to addresseveryday corruption in India,a topic that Indian elites love toignore.在2011年,他发动了一场宏大的运动,挑战印度的日常腐败作风,这是印度精英阶层长期有意忽视的问题。00:30So as part of this campaign,he was using all of the traditionaltactics that a good Gandhian organiz
3、er would use.作为这场运动的一部分,他采取了任何一位甘地式运动组织者 都会运用的策略,00:39So he was on a hunger strike,and Hazare realized throughhis hunger that actually maybe this time,in the 21st century,a hunger strike wouldnt be enough.即进行绝食抗议,绝食经历让哈扎尔意识到,在二十一世纪的今天,绝食抗议 或许无法实现全部的目的。00:45So he started playing around with mobile ac
4、tivism.他进而尝试借助手机开展运动。00:54So the first thing he did is he said to people,Okay,whydont you send me a text message if you support mycampaign against corruption?他做的第一件事是号召民众,如果你们支持我的反腐运动,为什么不发给我 一条短信呢？00:59cutting-edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿/adj.先进的,尖端的 activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子 elites:n.精英(elite的复数)tactics:n.策略
5、;战术;用兵学 organizer:n.组织者;承办单位;生物组织导体 activism:n.行动主义;激进主义So he does this,he gives people a short code,and about80,000 people do it.因此他这样做了,他给人们一个短码,大约有8万人响应号召。01:06Okay,thats pretty respectable.这的确令人敬畏。01:11But then he decides,Let me tweak my tactics a little bit.他因而决定,我要更进一步。01:13He says,Why dont yo
6、u leave me a missed call?他鼓动民众,你们为何不给我留一个未接来电呢？01:16Now,for those of you who have lived in the global South,youll know that missed calls are a really critical part ofglobal mobile culture.如果你生活在南半球,那就会知道未接来电 已成为世界手机文化的重要组成部分,01:20I see people nodding.我看到有人点头了。01:29People leave missed calls all the t
7、ime:If youre running latefor a meeting and you just want to let them know that youreon the way,you leave them a missed call.人们时时刻刻都在利用未接来电;如果你要参加一场会议,眼看着就要迟到了,想让他们知道你在路上,给他们一个未接来电就好了。01:30If youre dating someone and you just want to say I missyou如果你在跟某人谈恋爱,想表达一下思念之情,01:38you leave them a missed call
8、.震他（她）手机一下就好了。01:40So a note for a dating tip here,in some cultures,if you wantto please your lover,you call them and hang up.(Laughter)在某些文化中,这是个约会小技巧,如果你想取悦另一半,拨通号码,立即挂掉。（笑声）01:41So why do people leave missed calls?话说回来,人们为什么会利用未接来电？01:51respectable:adj.值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的/n.可敬的人 tweak:n.扭;拧;焦急/vt.扭
9、;用力拉;开足马力 nodding:adj.点头的,低垂的;昏昏欲睡的/v.点头;打盹;摆动(nod的ing形式)Well,the reason of course is that theyre trying to avoidcharges associated with making calls and sending texts.原因当然是 省去打电话或发短信的费用。因此,当哈扎尔号召民众为他留一个未接来电时01:54So when Hazare asked people to leave him a missed call,letshave a little guess how many
10、 people actually did this?为他留一个未接来电时 我们猜一下,有多少人响应号召？02:02Thirty-five million.三千五百万人02:11So this is one of the largest coordinated actions in humanhistory.这是人类历史上参与人数最多的运动之一。02:15Its remarkable.很了不起。02:19And this reflects the extraordinary strength of the emergingIndian middle class and the power tha
11、t their mobile phonesbring.蓬勃发展的印度中产阶级由此展现了其无比雄厚的实力,也展现了利用手机所能积聚的力量。02:21TED演讲者：Jeremy Heimans|杰里米 黑曼斯演讲标题：What new power looks like|什么是新势力内容概要：We can see the power of distributed,crowd-sourced business models every day witness Uber,Kickstarter,Airbnb.But veteran online activist Jeremy Heimans asks:
12、When doesthat kind of new power start to work in politics?His surprising answer:Sooner than youthink.It.s a bold argument about the future of politics and power;watch and see if you agree.我们每天都能看到分配和众包的商业模式Uber、Kickstarter、Airbnb。但线上行动主义者杰里米?黑曼斯问到：这种新势力什么时候会在政治中发挥影响力？他给出令人惊奇的答案：会比你想象的来得早。这是一个对未来政治和势
13、力的大胆论断，你相信吗？看过演讲即见分晓。But he used that,Hazare ended up with this massive CSV fileof mobile phone numbers,and he used that to deploy realpeople power on the ground to get hundreds of thousandsof people out on the streets in Delhi to make a national pointof everyday corruption in India.哈扎尔采用这种方法,最终得到了存
14、储大量电话号码的CSV文件。他利用这个方法,汇聚众人的力量,成千上万的民众走向新德里街头,举国上下因此对日常腐败恶习投以关注。02:28Its a really striking story.这真是个振奋人心的故事。02:46So this is me when I was 12 years old.这是12岁的我,02:48I hope you see the resemblance.希望你们能看出些相似之处。02:50coordinated:vt.调整;使调和(coordinate的过去分词);调节;整理/adj.协调的 reflects:反照/反射 resemblance:n.相似;相似
15、之处;相似物;肖像And I was also an activist,and I have been an activist all mylife.我也是个行动主义者,从小到大,这一点未曾改变过。02:52I had this really funny childhood where I traipsed around theworld meeting world leaders and Noble prize winners,talking about Third World debt,as it was then called,anddemilitarization.我的童年过得相当有趣
16、,周游各国,与全球领导者和诺贝尔奖获得者 当面讨论第三世界债务问题,后来这个问题演变为 非军事化问题。02:56I was a very,very serious child.(Laughter)And back then,inthe early 90s,I had a very cutting-edge tech tool of my own:the fax.自小我就忧国忧民。（笑声）后来,在90年代初期,我拥有了最先进的武器,传真。03:07And the fax was the tool of my activism.传真是我践行行动主义的工具。03:21And at that time
17、,it was the best way to get a message to alot of people all at once.那时,一次性将信息传达给众人 传真无疑是最好的办法。03:23Ill give you one example of a fax campaign that I ran.我给你们举个例子吧03:29It was the eve of the Gulf War and I organized a globalcampaign to flood the hotel,the Intercontinental in Geneva,where James Baker a
18、nd Tariq Aziz were meeting on the eveof the war,and I thought if I could flood them with faxes,well stop the war.在海湾战争前夕,我组织了一起运动,号召民众淹没,日内瓦的洲际酒店,詹姆斯?贝克与塔里克?阿齐兹 将于战前在此会晤,我当时想,如果我能用传真号召民众,淹没酒店,就能阻止这场战争了03:31traipsed:vi.疲惫地走;闲荡;拖曳/n.闲荡;漫步;无精打采者/vt.在游荡;走过 fax:vt.传真/n.传真 all at once:突然 Gulf War:海湾战争 Int
19、ercontinental:adj.洲际的;大陆间的 on the eve of:在的前夜 faxes:n.通信传真Well,unsurprisingly,that campaign was whollyunsuccessful.然而,不出所料,这场运动彻彻底底地失败了。03:46There are lots of reasons for that,but theres no doubt thatone sputtering fax machine in Geneva was a little bit of abandwidth constraint in terms of the abili
20、ty to get amessage to lots of people.失败的原因很多,但毫无疑问的是,当时在日内瓦,传真机受宽带限制,无法有效地将信息传递给大量民众。03:51And so,I went on to discover some better tools.因此,我开始寻找更好的工具。04:02I cofounded Avaaz,which uses the Internet to mobilizepeople and now has almost 40 million members,and I nowrun Purpose,which is a home for these
21、 kinds of technology-powered movements.其后我与他人共同成立了Avaaz,利用互联网来号召民众,目前约有4千万名成员,如今我在运营Purpose,Purpose孕育了那些借助技术力量的运动。04:06So whats the moral of this story?这个故事的寓意是什么？04:16Is the moral of this story,you know what,the fax is kind ofeclipsed by the mobile phone?我讲这个故事是为了说明 传真逐步被手机取代这一事实吗？04:18This is anot
22、her story of tech-determinism?又是一个技术决定论的故事吗？04:24Well,I would argue that theres actually more to it than that.我想说,其寓意远不止于此。04:26unsurprisingly:adv.不出所料的;不出奇的;意料中的 unsuccessful:adj.不成功的;失败的 no doubt:adv.无疑地;很可能地sputtering:n.电子溅射;喷溅涂覆法;阴极真空喷镀/v.喷溅;发出爆裂声(sputter的ing形式)bandwidth:n.电子物带宽;通信频带宽度 constrain
23、t:n.数约束;局促,态度不自然;强制 in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 mobilize:vt.动员,调动;集合,组织;使流通;使松动/vi.组织;动员起来 eclipsed:v.引起日蚀;遮暗;使失色(eclipse的过去分词)Id argue that in the last 20 years,something morefundamental has changed than just new tech.我敢断言,在过去的20年里,一些事情发生了根本性的改变,而不仅是新技术。04:30I would argue that there has been a fundam
24、ental shift in thebalance of power in the world.我敢断言,势力的平衡点在世界范围内 从根本上发生了转变。04:36You ask any activist how to understand the world,and theyllsay,Look at where the power is,who has it,how itsshifting.你问任何一位行动主义者,如何看清世界的局势？他会说,看看势力集中在何处,谁拥有势力,势力如何转移。04:43And I think we all sense that something big is h
25、appening.我认为,我们都能感觉到,世界在发生某种巨大的改变。04:50So Henry Timms and I?Henrys a fellow movement builder?got talking one day and we started to think,how can wemake sense of this new world?因此,某一天,在亨利?蒂姆斯 我开展运动的一位同伴 与我聊天的时候,我们想到,如何理解这个新世界？04:53How can we describe it and give it a framework that makes it如何描述这个世界？新
26、世界的格局是什么？如何在这个格局下有所作为？05:01How can we describe it and give it a framework that makes itmore useful?在这个格局下有所作为？05:01www.XiYuS锡育软件Because we realized that many of the lessons that we werediscovering in movements actually applied all over the worldin many sectors of our society.因为我们意识到,我们在运动中习得的经验教训,适用
27、于全世界范围内的 社会的方方面面。05:04So I want to introduce you to this framework:Old power,meet new power.因此我想向你们介绍这个格局;新旧势力的相遇。05:13And I want to talk to you about what new power is today.我想跟你们谈谈如今的新兴势力。05:17shifting:n.计移位；狡猾/v.改变(shift的ing形式)/adj.移动的；狡诈的 builder:n.建筑者;建立者 make sense of:搞清的意思 sectors:n.部门;分区;扇区数
28、(sector的复数)/v.把划成扇形;把分成部分(sector的三单形式)New power is the deployment of mass participation andpeer coordination?these are the two key elements?tocreate change and shift outcomes.新势力的发展基于 大众参与和对等协调 这两个关键因素,新势力促进变革,影响结果的走向。05:21And we see new power all around us.新势力无处不在。05:30This is Beppe Grillo he was a
29、 populist Italian blogger who,with a minimal political apparatus and only some onlinetools,won more than 25 percent of the vote in recent Italianelections.这是贝佩?格里洛,一位意大利博主,宣扬平民主义,他只有最有限的政治工具,却凭借网络手段,在最近意大利的选举中 赢得了超过25%的选票。05:33This is Airbnb,which in just a few years has radicallydisrupted the hotel
30、 industry without owning a single squarefoot of real estate.这是Airbnb,旗下不曾拥有任何房产,却在短短几年内,震撼了整个酒店行业。05:45which we know has raised over a billion dollars from morethan five million people.从五百多万人手里 筹集到十亿多美金。05:55Now,were familiar with all of these models.我们对这些运营模式耳熟能详,06:00But whats striking is the comm
31、onalities,the structuralfeatures of these new models and how they differ from oldpower.引入注目的地方在于这些模式的共性,它们的结构特点,以及跟旧势力与众不同的地方。06:02deployment:n.调度,部署 participation:n.参与；分享；参股 coordination:n.协调,调和;对等,同等 populist:n.平民主义者;民粹派;平民论者/adj.民粹主义的(等于populistic);平民主义的;平民主义者的 minimal:adj.最低的；最小限度的apparatus:n.装置
32、，设备；仪器；器官 vote in:投票选出 radically:adv.根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式 disrupted:破坏/使瓦解/使分裂/使中断/使陷于混乱(disrupt的过去分词形式)familiar with:熟悉 commonalities:n.公共;共性;老百姓;平民 structural:adj.结构的;建筑的 differ from:与不同;区别于Lets look a little bit at this.让我们进一步看这个问题。06:09Old power is held like a currency.旧势力运作如同货币流通,06:11New power works
33、 like a current.新势力运作如同波涛涌动。06:14Old power is held by a few.旧势力掌握在少数人手里,06:16New power isnt held by a few,its made by many.新势力并非如此,而是分散在众多人手中。06:19Old power is all about download,and new power uploads.旧势力完完全全是自上而下,而新势力是自下而上。06:22And you see a whole set of characteristics that you can trace,whether i
34、ts in media or politics or education.你看到新势力所有的特征都是有迹可寻的,无论是在媒体,政治还是教育领域。06:26So weve talked a little bit about what new power is.好,我们刚才谈了谈新势力是什么,06:32Lets,for a second,talk about what new power isnt.现在,我们花点时间聊聊新势力不是什么。06:34New power is not your Facebook page.新势力不是你的Facebook主页。06:37I assure you that
35、having a social media strategy can enableyou to do just as much download as you used to do whenyou had the radio.我向你保证,你采用的社交媒体战略,是自上而下的,你的所获所得,跟过去用广播的策略没什么两样。06:41Just ask Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad,I assure you that hisFacebook page has not embraced the power of participation.问一下叙利亚独裁者巴沙尔?阿萨德
36、吧,我向你保证,他的Facebook主页 并没有实现势力的共同参与。06:49uploads:vt.上传 characteristics:n.特性,特征;特色(characteristic的复数);特质 dictator:n.独裁者;命令者 embraced:包含/拥抱/接受New power is not inherently positive.新势力并非是固有的正面力量。06:59In fact,this isnt an normative argument that were making,there are many good things about new power,but it
37、 canproduce bad outcomes.事实上,我们所做的并不是一种规范性论证。新势力有其积极的一面,但也会带来负面影响。07:02More participation,more peer coordination,sometimesdistorts outcomes and there are some things,like things,forexample,in the medical profession that we want new powerto get nowhere near.更广泛的参与,更深入的对等协调,有时会带来意想不到的结果。有一些事情,比如,新势力涉足
38、医疗领域,这绝不是我们希望看到的。07:08And thirdly,new power is not the inevitable victor.第三,新势力不是永远的赢家,07:18In fact,unsurprisingly,as many of these new power modelsget to scale,what you see is this massive pushback from the事实上,不出所料的是,随着诸多新势力影响力逐步扩大,来自旧势力的阻力 越发强大07:21get to scale,what you see is this massive pushbac
39、k from theforces of old power.Just look at this really interesting epic struggle going onright now between Edward Snowden and the NSA.就看一下仍在持续的 爱德华斯诺登和美国国家安全局07:30Youll note that only one of the two people on this slide iscurrently in exile.你要注意的是,两方中只有一方 远走他乡,寻求避难。07:36And so,its not at all clear t
40、hat new power will be theinevitable victor.因此,新势力是永远的赢家的说法07:41inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地 normative:adj.规范的,标准的 distorts:vt.扭曲;使失真;曲解/vi.扭曲;变形pushback:n.飞机推迟起飞 epic:adj.史诗的,叙事诗的/n.史诗;叙事诗;史诗般的作品 Snowden:n.斯诺登(姓氏)exile:n.流放,充军;放逐,被放逐者;流犯/vt.放逐,流放;使背井离乡That said,keep one thing in mind:Were at the begin
41、ning ofa very steep curve.这就意味着,有句话你要记在心里;我们正处在这个陡峭的曲线的起点。07:44So you think about some of these new power models,right?你在考虑某些新势力的模式,没错吧？07:50These were just like someones garage idea a few years ago,and now theyre disrupting entire industries.这些模式在几年前还是某些人 在车库里的灵感,如今正颠覆着整个行业。07:52And so,whats intere
42、sting about new power,is the way itfeeds on itself.因此,新势力有趣之处在于 其自我发展的方式。08:00Once you have an experience of new power,you tend toexpect and want more of it.一旦你体验过新势力,你就会期望享受更多。08:04So lets say youve used a peer-to-peer lending platform likeLending Tree or Prosper,then youve figured out that youdont
43、 need the bank,and who wants the bank,right?打个比方,你使用过Lending Tree或Prosper 对等借贷平台,你会发现你不需要银行了,谁还想用银行服务呢？08:08And so,that experience tends to embolden you it tends tomake you want more participation across more aspects ofyour life.因此,这种体验会促使你,让你希望这种体验能 融入生活的其他方面。08:18at the beginning of:在的开始 disruptin
44、g:使混乱/扰乱(disrupt的现在分词)feeds:n.畜牧饲料;一餐(feed的复数)/v.提供(feed的第三人称单数形式);饲养 peer-to-peer:n.对等;对等网络 lending:n.出借;出借物/adj.出借的/v.贷款;提供(lend的ing形式);借给 tends:vi.趋向,倾向;照料,照顾/vt.照料,照管 embolden:vt.使有胆量,使大胆 aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数)And what this gives rise to is a set of values.一系列价值观 因此而产生08:26We talked about
45、 the models that new power hasengendered?the Airbnbs,the Kickstarters.我们讨论了新势力 我们讨论了新势力 造就的模式08:29What about the values?价值观呢？08:34And this is an early sketch at what new power values looklike.这是对新势力 值观的初步认识08:35New power values prize transparency above all else.信息透明是最重要的价值观。08:39Its almost a religio
46、us belief in transparency,a belief that ifyou shine a light on something,it will be better.新势力对信息透明秉持着几近虔诚的信仰。给它一束光,它就绽放。08:43And remember that in the 20th century,this was not at alltrue.要知道,在20世纪时,这并不是完全能实现的。08:48People thought that gentlemen should sit behind closeddoors and make comfortable agre
47、ements.过去,人们认为绅士们应紧闭大门,暗中达成彼此都满意的协议。08:51New power values of informal,networked governance.新势力看重的是非正式的、网络化管理。08:56New power folks would never have invented the U.N.today,for better or worse.今天,新势力时代的人永远不会建立什么联合国,连边都沾不上。09:00engendered:vt.使产生;造成/vi.产生;引起 transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃 above all:首先;
48、尤其是religious:adj.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；修道的/n.修道士；尼姑 light on:偶然遇见(碰见,发现);停落于 agreements:n.法协议;同意;法契约(agreement的复数形式)informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的 networked:adj.网路的;广播电视联播的/v.联络(network的过去分词和过去式)governance:n.管理;统治;支配New power values participation,and new power is all aboutdo-it-yourself.新势力重视参与度,新势力完全是自己动手
49、做事。09:04In fact,whats interesting about new power is that it eschewssome of the professionalization and specialization that wasall the rage in the 20th century.事实上,新势力有趣的地方在于,它在一定程度上避免了 20世纪时风行 的职业化和专业化09:09So whats interesting about these new power values andthese new power models is what they mean
50、 fororganizations.这些新势力模式和价值观 有趣之处就在于 它们对于组织的意义。09:18So weve spent a bit of time thinking,how can we plotorganizations on a two-by-two where,essentially,we look atnew power values and new power models and see wheredifferent people sit?我们已花了些时间考虑 该如何在二维坐标上 标明各组织所处的位置,在这个坐标上,我们能看到新势力价值观和模式,并能看到不同人所处的位