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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Hi,Im an engineer and I make robots.嗨,我是工程师,我制造机器人。00:12Now,of course you all know what a robot is,right?当然你们都知道机器人,对吧？00:16If you dont,youd probably go to Google,and youd askGoogle what a robot is.如果你不知道,你大概会用谷歌(Google),查一下什么是机器人。00:18So lets do that.我们也来试一下。00:23Well go to Google and
2、this is what we get.我们用谷歌得到这些。00:24Now,you can see here there are lots of different types ofrobots,but theyre predominantly humanoid in structure.你可以看到这里 有很多种不同的机器人,但是它们很明显在结构上都很像人。00:27And they look pretty conventional because theyve gotplastic,theyve got metal,theyve got motors and gears andso on.
3、而且它们有传统的外型,因为它们有塑胶、金属,还有马达、传动装置等等。00:35Some of them look quite friendly,and you could go up andyou could hug them.有些看起来很友善,你可以过去抱一下。00:41Some of them not so friendly,they look like theyre straightout of Terminator,有一些就不那么友善,它们看起来好像从 魔鬼终结者里直接走出来,00:45in fact they may well be straight out of Terminato
4、r.事实上它们的确很可能是从 魔鬼终结者里出来的。00:48You can do lots of really cool things with these robots youcan do really exciting stuff.你可以用这些机器人 做很多很酷的事,很令人兴奋的事。00:49predominantly:adv.主要地；显著地 humanoid:adj.像人的/n.类人动物 motors:n.汽车;发动机(motor的复数);汽车公司证券 gears:n.机齿轮,机传动装置(gear的复数形式)/v.以齿轮连起,安排(gear的三单形式)Terminator:n.终结者;终
5、止子;明暗界限But Id like to look at different kinds of robots I want tomake different kinds of robots.但是我想研究不同种类的机器人。我想制造不同种的机器人。00:55And I take inspiration from the things that dont look like us,but look like these.我的灵感来自跟我们不太像的东西,反而像这样的东西。01:01So these are natural biological organisms and they do somere
6、ally cool things that we cant,and current robots canteither.这些都是天然的生物体,它们会做很酷的事,我们做不到的,而且目前的机器人也做不到。01:06They do all sorts of great things like moving around on thefloor;they go into our gardens and they eat our crops;theyclimb trees;they go in water,they come out of water;theytrap insects and diges
7、t them.它们会做各种很厉害的事,像在地板上移动;它们会去花园,吃我们的作物;它们会爬树;它们会入水出水;它们捕捉并消化昆虫。01:14So they do really interesting things.它们会做很有意思的事情。01:25They live,they breathe,they die,they eat things from theenvironment.它们生存、呼吸、死亡,它们会吃环境里的东西。01:27Our current robots dont really do that.我们现有的机器人不会做这件事。01:33Now,wouldnt it be grea
8、t if you could use some of thosecharacteristics in future robots so that you could solve somereally interesting problems?那么,这不是很棒吗？如果你可以在未来的机器人上 应用这些特点,不就可以解决某些非常 有意思的难题？01:35Im going to look at a couple of problems now in theenvironment where we can use the skills and thetechnologies derived from t
9、hese animals and from theplants,and we can use them to solve those problems.我要让大家看目前 在环境中的几个难题。我们可以运用 从这些动植物得到的技巧及科技,我们可以用来解决这些问题。01:43organisms:n.生物生物体(organism的复数);生物有机体 characteristics:n.特性,特征;特色(characteristic的复数);特质derived:adj.导出的;衍生的,派生的/v.得到;推断(derive的过去分词);由而来Lets have a look at two environm
10、ental problems.我们来看两个环境问题。01:54Theyre both of our making this is man interacting withthe environment and doing some rather unpleasant things.两者都是人搞出来的 这是人跟环境互动 所做出的一些很讨厌的事。01:57The first one is to do with the pressure of population.第一个问题跟人口压力有关。02:04Such is the pressure of population around the worl
11、d that全世界的人口压力 让农業必须生产更多的作物。02:07TED演讲者：Jonathan Rossiter|强纳生.罗斯特演讲标题：A robot that eats pollution|会吃汙染物的机器人内容概要：Meet the Row-bot,a robot that cleans up pollution and generates the electricityneeded to power itself by swallowing dirty water.Roboticist Jonathan Rossiter explains howthis special swimmi
12、ng machine,which uses a microbial fuel cell to neutralize algal blooms andoil slicks,could be a precursor to biodegradable,autonomous pollution-fighting robots.来看划水机器人，一种会清除汙染物，而且靠吃汙水就会自我发电的机器人。机器人专家强纳生罗斯特解释这种特殊的游泳机器，本身使用微生物燃料电池，能中和藻华及油汙，成为可生物分解、自主对抗污染物的机器人先驱。Such is the pressure of population aroun
13、d the world thatagriculture and farming is required to produce more andmore crops.02:07Now,to do that,farmers put more and more chemicals ontothe land.那么,要做到这点,农夫得施更多化学制品到田里。02:15They put on fertilizers,nitrates,pesticides all sorts ofthings that encourage the growth of the crops,but there aresome n
14、egative impacts.他们得施肥料、硝酸盐、杀虫剂 各式各样的东西促进作物成长,但是这有负面影响。02:18One of the negative impacts is if you put lots of fertilizer onthe land,not all of it goes into the crops.其中一个负面影响就是,如果你在田里施很多肥料,不是所有的肥料都会被作物吸收。02:27Lots of it stays in the soil,and then when it rains,thesechemicals go into the water table.很
15、多会留在土里,然后下雨时,这些化学品就会流进地下水里。02:32have a look at:看一看,看一眼 interacting:n.相互作用;相互制约/v.互相影响;互相作用(interact的ing形式)crops:n.农作物(crop的复数);收成;冶切头/v.种植(crop的三单形式);收割;修剪;产庄稼 fertilizers:n.肥料肥料(fertilizer的复数形式);化肥;底肥 nitrates:n.硝酸盐(nitrate的复数形式)pesticides:n.农药农药;农药杀虫剂(pesticide的复数)impacts:n.影响(impact的复数);力冲击/v.压紧;
16、冲撞;对产生不良影响(impact的三单形式)And in the water table,then they go into streams,into lakes,into rivers and into the sea.顺着地下水,它们会流进小溪、湖泊、河流,然后进入海洋。02:39Now,if you put all of these chemicals,these nitrates,intothose kinds of environments,there are organisms in thoseenvironments that will be affected by that
17、algae,forexample.如果你把这些化学品,这些硝酸盐,放进像这样的环境中,生活在这些环境内的生物 就会受到影响譬如藻类。02:45Algae loves nitrates,it loves fertilizer,so it will take in allthese chemicals,and if the conditions are right,it will massproduce.藻类很爱硝酸盐,它喜欢肥料,所以它会吸收这些化学制品,在适宜的条件下,它会大量繁殖。02:55It will produce masses and masses of new algae.它会繁殖
18、出一大团又一大团的新藻类,03:04Thats called a bloom.称为藻华。03:06The trouble is that when algae reproduces like this,it starvesthe water of oxygen.麻烦的是当藻类像这样繁殖,它会耗尽水中的氧。03:07As soon as you do that,the other organisms in the watercant survive.一旦如此,其它水中生物就无法生存。03:13So,what do we do?那,我们要怎么办？03:17We try to produce a r
19、obot that will eat the algae,consume itand make it safe.我们试着做出一种 会吃水藻的机器人,吃光水藻又很安全。03:19algae:n.植藻类;植海藻 take in:吸收;领会;欺骗;接待;接受;理解;拘留;欺骗;让进入;改短 masses:n.民众;大量(mass的复数);包块/v.集中;聚集(mass的三单形式)reproduces:vt.复制;再生;生殖;使在脑海中重现/vi.复制;繁殖 starves:vi.饿死;挨饿;渴望/vt.使饿死;使挨饿So thats the first problem.所以这是第一个问题。03:25
20、The second problem is also of our making,and its to do withoil pollution.第二个问题也是我们的杰作,它跟油的汙染有关。03:27Now,oil comes out of the engines that we use,the boats thatwe use.油从我们使用的引擎、船只中释放出来。03:32Sometimes tankers flush their oil tanks into the sea,so oil isreleased into the sea that way.有时候油轮会把油排放到海洋,所以油就
21、这样流到海里。03:37Wouldnt it be nice if we could treat that in some way usingrobots that could eat the pollution the oil fields haveproduced?这样不是很好？如果我们可以想办法用机器人 吃掉油田产生的汙染物？03:43So thats what we do.所以那就是我们做的。03:50We make robots that will eat pollution.我们制造能吃汙染物的机器人。03:52To actually make the robot,we take
22、inspiration from twoorganisms.要实际制造出机器人,我们从两种生物取得灵感。03:55On the right there you see the basking shark.你看到右边的那张是姥鲨。03:59The basking shark is a massive shark.姥鲨是一种大型鲨鱼。04:02Its noncarnivorous,so you can swim with it,as you can see.牠并非肉食性,所以你可以跟牠一起游泳,就像你在这里看到的。04:04And the basking shark opens its mouth
23、,and it swimsthrough the water,collecting plankton.姥鲨张开嘴巴,游过水里,收集浮游生物。04:08tankers:运送大量液体或气体的轮船(或卡车)/油气油轮/罐车/油罐车(tanker的复数)flush:n.激动，洋溢；面红；萌芽；旺盛；奔流/vt.使齐平；发红，使发亮；用水冲洗；使激动/vi.发红，脸红；奔涌；被冲洗/adj.大量的；齐平的；丰足的，洋溢的；挥霍的 basking:晒太阳/姥鲨 as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的 swims:n.游泳(swim的复数);熏鱼上附著的鳔/v.游泳(swim的第三人称单数
24、)plankton:n.浮游生物(总称)As it does that,it digests the food,and then it uses thatenergy in its body to keep moving.这么做的同时,牠消化食物,然后利用在体内 产生的能量继续活动。04:13www.XiYuS锡育软件So,could we make a robot like that like the basking sharkthat chugs through the water and eats up pollution?所以,我们能不能做像那样的机器人 像姥鲨一样可以在水中徐徐前进,
25、然后吃掉汙染物？04:20Well,lets see if we can do that.嗯,我们来看看能不能做到。04:27But also,we take the inspiration from other organisms.我们也从其它生物获取灵感。04:30Ive got a picture here of a water boatman,and the waterboatman is really cute.我这里有一张水椿的照片,水椿真的很可爱。04:32When its swimming in the water,it uses its paddle-like legsto
26、push itself forward.当它游水时,就用船桨般的腿将自己推向前。04:36So we take those two organisms and we combine themtogether to make a new kind of robot.所以我们取两者所长 结合在一起,做成一种新型机器人。04:41In fact,because were using the water boatman as inspiration,and our robot sits on top of the water,and it rows,we call itthe Row-bot.事实上,
27、因为我们从水椿得到灵感,而且我们的机器人坐在水上,它会划行,我们就叫它划水机器人。04:46So a Row-bot is a robot that rows.所以划水机器人是会划水的机器人。04:56OK.So what does it look like?好,那它长什么样子？05:00Heres some pictures of the Row-bot,and youll see,itdoesnt look anything like the robots we saw right at thebeginning.这里有一些划水机器人的照片,你们看,它一点都不像我们 一开始看到的机器人。0
28、5:02digests:摘要(digest的复数)chugs:vi.发出轧轧声;发出嘎嚓声;发出轧轧声前进/n.(美)轧轧声 boatman:n.船夫;出租船的人at the beginning:首先;从一开始;起初;从头开始Google is wrong;robots dont look like that,they look likethis.所以谷歌错了,机器人不像那样,它们像这样。05:09So Ive got the Row-bot here.我这里有一只划水机器人。05:12Ill just hold it up for you.我拿起来给你们看。05:14It gives you
29、 a sense of the scale,and it doesnt look anythinglike the others.让你们了解一下它的大小,而且它跟其它的都不像。05:16OK,so its made out of plastic,and well have a look now atthe components that make up the Row-bot what makes itreally special.好,它是塑胶做的,现在我们来看一下 划水机器人的组件 使它特别的地方。05:19The Row-bot is made up of three parts,and
30、those threeparts are really like the parts of any organism.划水机器人由三个部分组成,这三个部分真的很像任何生物的部分。05:26Its got a brain,its got a body and its got a stomach.它有个头脑,它有身体,而且它有胃。05:33It needs the stomach to create the energy.它需要胃以产生能量。05:38Any Row-bot will have those three components,and anyorganism will have tho
31、se three components,so lets gothrough them one at a time.任何划水机器人都有这三个组件,就像任何生物都有这三个部分一样。我们就一个个来看。05:41It has a body,and its body is made out of plastic,and it sitson top of the water.它有身体,它的身体由塑胶制成,而且它可以坐在水面上。05:47And its got flippers on the side here paddles that help itmove,just like the water boa
32、tman.它的蹼在旁边这里 幫助它移动,就像水椿一样。05:53made up of:由组成,由构成 one at a time:每次一个;一次一个 flippers:n.脚蹼(flipper的复数);蛙鞋 paddles:n.船桨(paddle的复数);划浆/v.划桨(paddle的三单形式)Its got a plastic body,but its got a soft rubber mouth here,its got two mouths.它有个塑胶的身体,而这里有一张软橡胶做的嘴,它有两张嘴。05:59Why does it have two mouths?会什么要两张嘴？06:0
33、6One is to let the food go in and the other is to let the food goout.一张让食物进来,另一张让食物出去。06:07So you can see really its got a mouth and a derriere,所以你们可以看到它有嘴有臀,06:11(Laughter)something where the stuff comes out,which is justlike a real organism.东西排出去的地方,就像真的生物一样。06:15So its starting to look like that
34、basking shark.所以它开始看起来像那个姥鲨了。06:20So thats the body.这是身体。06:23The second component might be the stomach.第二个部分可能是胃。06:24We need to get the energy into the robot and we need totreat the pollution,so the pollution goes in,and it will dosomething.我们必须让要处理污染的 机器人得到能量,所以汙染从这里进,它会搞一下。06:28Its got a cell in
35、 the middle here called a microbial fuel cell.中间这里有个电池,称作微生物燃料电池。06:34Ill put this down,and Ill lift up the fuel cell.我把这个放下来,把这个燃料电池拿起来。06:39Here.So instead of having batteries,instead of having aconventional power system,its got one of these.这里没有电池,也不用是传统的电力系统,它有一个这个。06:41This is its stomach.这是它的胃
36、。06:47derriere:n.臀部;后面 microbial:adj.微生物的;由细菌引起的And it really is a stomach because you can put energy in thisside in the form of pollution,and it creates electricity.它真的是一个胃,因为你可以把能量放在这边,以汙染物的形式,它产生电力。06:48So what is it?所以这是什么？06:55Its called a microbial fuel cell.这称为微生物燃料电池。06:56Its a little bit li
37、ke a chemical fuel cell,which you might havecome across in school,or you mightve seen in the news.这跟化学燃料电池有点像。你大概在学校看过,或者在新闻里看过。06:57Chemical fuel cells take hydrogen and oxygen,and they cancombine them together and you get electricity.化学燃料电池利用氢及氧,把两者结合你就得到电力。07:03Thats well-established technology;i
38、t was in the Apollospace missions.这是成熟的技术;在阿波罗太空计画里就有了。07:08This is slightly newer.这个比较新。07:13This is a microbial fuel cell.这是微生物燃料电池。07:15Its the same principle:its got oxygen on one side,butinstead of having hydrogen on the other,its got some soup,and inside that soup there are living microbes.运用同
39、样的原理:氧气在一边,但是另一边不是氢气,而是一种混和液,在这种混和液中有活的微生物。07:17Now,if you take some organic material could be somewaste products,some food,maybe a bit of your sandwich you put it in there,the microbes will eat that food,and theywill turn it into electricity.如果你拿一些有机材料 可以是某种废料,食物,或许拿一点你的三明治 你把它放在这里面,微生物会吃这个食物,然后把食物
40、转化成电力。07:25come across:v.偶遇;无意中发现;讲得清楚明白;给人印象 well-established:adj.得到确认的;固定下来的/v.已确立起来;固定下来(well-establish的过去分词)Apollo:n.阿波罗(太阳神);美男子 newer:adj.更新的,更新 microbes:n.细菌,微微生物;微生物类(microbe的复数形式)Not only that,but if you select the right kind of microbes,you can use the microbial fuel cell to treat some of
41、thepollution.不仅如此,如果你选对微生物的种类,你还可以用微生物燃料电池 处理一些污染。07:37If you choose the right microbes,the microbes will eat thealgae.如果你选对微生物,微生物会吃藻类。07:45If you use other kinds of microbes,they will eat petroleumspirits and crude oil.如果你用其它种微生物,它们能吃石油醚及原油。07:50So you can see how this stomach could be used to not
42、 onlytreat the pollution but also to generate electricity from thepollution.所以你们可以看到怎么使用这个胃,不只处理污染,还能从污染产生电力。07:56So the robot will move through the environment,taking foodinto its stomach,digest the food,create electricity,use thatelectricity to move through the environment and keep doingthis.所以这个机
43、器人会在环境中移动,把食物吃进胃里,消化吃进的食物,产生电力,再用产生的电在环境中移动,如此周而复始。08:05OK,so lets see what happens when we run the Row-bot when it does some rowing.好,那我们来看看 划水机器人工作的样子 当它划的时候。08:17Here weve got a couple of videos,the first thing youll see hopefully you can see here is the mouth open.这里我们有几段影片,你们看到的第一件事,希望大家都看得到,是张
44、开嘴巴。08:22The front mouth and the bottom mouth open,and it will stayopened enough,then the robot will start to row forward.前嘴和后嘴都张开,它会一直张大嘴,然后机器人会开始向前划。08:28It moves through the water so that food goes in as the wasteproducts go out.它在水中移动,所以食物进去,废物出来。08:34only that:只是;要不是Once its moved enough,it sto
45、ps and then it closes themouth slowly closes the mouths and then it will sitthere,and it will digest the food.当它移动够了,就会停止,然后闭上嘴巴 慢慢闭上嘴 然后坐在那里,开始消化食物。08:39Of course these microbial fuel cells,they contain microbes.当然这些微生物燃料电池 里面有微生物。08:49What you really want is lots of energy coming out of thosemicro
46、bes as quickly as possible.你真的想要的是很多能量 从这些微生物得到,愈快愈好。08:53But we cant force the microbes and they generate a smallamount of electricity per second.但是我们不能强迫微生物,而且它们每秒产生很少量的电力。08:58They generate milliwatts,or microwatts.它们生产毫瓦或微瓦电力。09:02Lets put that into context.我们多解释一下。09:06Your mobile phone for exa
47、mple,one of these modern ones,ifyou use it,it takes about one watt.譬如说你的手机,像这种现代一点的,如果你使用它,它需要一瓦。09:07So thats a thousand or a million times as much energy thatthat uses compared to the microbial fuel cell.所以手机使用的能量 是微生物燃料电池的 一千或一百万倍。09:13How can we cope with that?我们怎么应付这个情况？09:18Well,when the Row-b
48、ot has done its digestion,when itstaken the food in,it will sit there and it will wait until it hasconsumed all that food.嗯,划水机器人消化完食物后,当它吃了食物,它会坐在那里,直到食物都消化完为止。09:21milliwatts:n.毫瓦特 microwatts:n.微瓦特 cope with:处理,应付 digestion:n.消化;领悟That could take some hours,it could take some days.那要花好几个小时,甚至好几天。划
49、水机器人典型的09:29A typical cycle for the Row-bot looks like this:you open yourmouth,you move,you close your mouth and you sit there fora while waiting.工作循环周期像这样:你打开嘴巴,你移动,你闭上嘴巴,然后坐在那里等。09:32Once you digest your food,then you can go about doing thesame thing again.一旦你消化完食物,就可以起来再继续做相同的事。09:41But you know
50、what,that looks like a real organism,doesntit?但是你知道吗,这看起来 很像真的生物,不是吗？09:46It looks like the kind of thing we do.它跟我们做的事很像。09:49Saturday night,we go out,open our mouths,fill ourstomachs,sit in front of the telly and digest.星期六晚上,我们出门,张嘴,把胃填满,坐在电视机前面消化。09:50When weve had enough,we do the same thing ag