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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）06语法填空中的名词性从句与定语从句【高频考点回顾】高频考点一名词性从句【真题再现】语法填空1. （2018全国卷III）rm not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla（大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.2. （2019全国卷 I ） While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far
2、 south as James Bay in Canada.答案：1. who 2. that【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略 名词性从句做题两步骤第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连 接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词；如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/ifi如果不 缺少成分且意思完整用thato【重点知识提醒】一、宾语从句1 .引导宾语从句的连接词从属连词 that、 whether if；连接代词 what、 who whose whatever whichever whoever 等;连接副词when、
3、where why how等；从句用陈述语序。 We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。 I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我确信美来自内在。 What we should take with us depends on where well stay.我们需要随身带什么东西，取决于我们将在什么地方停留。2.it做形式宾语的宾语从句（1）一些动
4、词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 常见的这类动词有：find、feel、think consider、believe guess suppose make 等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.Park on Sunday. She was 72. (deep) impressed with the Spring Festival in 2017. She remembered how her classmate9s father left out pla
5、tes of food fbr their families ancestors.Like Chinese, many foreigners put couplets (对联)，Chinese characters wishing 73. good fortune, on their front doors.Marie, a British 74. (translate) in Beijing, 75. (send) a couplet by her Chinese friend on Thursday. She stuck them on the door of her apartment,
6、 took a photo of herself standing in front of it, and shared it with her parents in Britain. These couplets are an expression of hope and contain the Chinese spirit of harmonyJ said Marie.9Located in the Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, the Summer Palace is 15 kilometers away from the downtow
7、n area. The Summer Palace, 76. is made up of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers. Being the 77. (large) and most well-preserved royal garden in China, it 78. (great) influences Chinese horticulture (园艺)and landscape 79. its famous natural views and cultural inter
8、ests.Originally named Qingyi Yuan or the Garden of Clear Nipples, the Summer Palace was first built in 1750. It later became the main residence of royal members in 80. end of the Qing Dynasty. 81. , like most of the gardens in Beijing, the Summer Palace 82. (destroy) by fire. Then rebuilt in 1886, i
9、t was supposed to serve as a summer resort(避暑月生土也)for the Empress Dowager Cixi. After another hit by the Eight-power Alied Forces in 1900, the Summer Palace took the government two years 83. (repair). In 1924, it was open to the public.It was not until 1998 84. The Summer Palace was added to the Wor
10、ld Heritage Sites by UNESCO , and became one of the first national AAAAA tourist 85. (attraction) in China.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate、like、dislike appreciate enjoy等表示喜欢厌恶等的动词以及一些动词短语see to、 depend on rely on等，常用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he will be taken good care of when you are absent.你不
11、在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。二、主语从句和表语从句1 .主语从句(l)that连接从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what 引导时，既要在从句中充当成分，又有意义。 It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。(2)whether连接从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。 Whether it will do us harm or good remains t
12、o be seen.究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待观察。(3)连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。 Who will take over the company has not been decided.谁将接管公司还没定好。(4)用it做形式主语的常用句型：It+系动词 + 形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain 等)+that 从句；It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder 等)+that 从句；It+be+过去分词(said/told/rep
13、orted/decided 等)+that 从句；It+特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)+that 从句。 It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。 It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心驾驶。(5)在 It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered + that 从句结构中，从句用“(s
14、hould+ )动词原形”。2 .表语从句(1)引导表语从句的连接词从属连词 that whether；连接代词 what who whose whatever whichever、whoever 等； 连 接副词when、where why how等；从句用陈述语序。Id like to start my own business-that*s what Id do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。(2)常见的表语从句句型：It looks/seems as if 好像；仿佛；This is because这是因为（强调原因）;The rea
15、son why . is that的原因是；That is why那就是的原因（强调结果）；The question/problem is whether/when/where .问题是；His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that.他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是；what从句+be+that从句。高频考点二定语从句【真题再现】语法填空1（2017全国卷 I ）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.2. （2017全国卷111）311
16、1 Sarah,has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.3. （2018.全国卷 I ） Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from
17、 all causes.4. （2019全国卷 II ）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.5. （2019全国卷ni）They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.答案：1 .which 2. who 3. which/that 4. which 5.who/t
18、hat【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1 .确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。2 .关系词应遵循“缺什么，补什么”的原则如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用皿。用此 非限制性定语从句中用卬。（2）如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom非限制性定语从句中用 whomo（3）如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that;非限制性定语从句用which o(4)如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，则用秘或卬根忆；如果缺少主语或 宾语,则
19、用that或whichc(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人，则关系词用whom;如果先行词指物，则用 which Q【重点知识提示】一、关系代词that、which as引导的定语从句1.6种只用that引导定语从句的情况(1)先彳亍词是 all、 everything anything nothing something、 little much none few、 the one 等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)(2)先行词被all、any few every no、little much some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用 who 代替 t
20、hat)(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。(4)先行词被the only、the very (正是、恰是)、the last修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that)(5)先行词含有人和物两者时。(6)先行词在主句中做表语，或关系词在从句中做表语时。2. 4种只用which引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。(3)先行词本身是that时，(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。3. 5种多用as引导定语从句的情况(1)非限制性定语从
21、句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可。(2)非限制性定语从句的谓语为 be announced be expected be known be mentioned be reported be said等被动式谓语。(3)表示整个主句内容，有时含有“按照；正如；根据”等意思。(4)在下列固定结构中，关系代词指代整个主句所述的内容：as we all know我们都知道as we all can see正如我们大家所能看到的那样as is often the case情况常常如此as is well known 众所周知(5)当先行词被 such the same so+M/. + a/
22、an、such a/an+a。修饰时。二、关系代词 who、whom、whosel.who和whom的用法(1)先行词为 one、ones anyone those 指代人时。Those who are interested in the film can contact me.对该电影感兴趣的可与我联系。(2)当先行词为人且关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。whom在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，介词 可放在后面，也可提前构成“介词+ whom(先行词指人户结构。The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left
23、their village homes for a better life in the city.这里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。2. whose的用法whose指人或物，做定语，表示“的，可转换为“of+关系代词”。关系代词whose可指人，表示“该 人的”，也可指物，表示“该物的”；在以物为先行词时，可用of which代替whose在从句中做定语。提示关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之
24、一。 Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语，相当于表时间的“介词+which”where地点、情形、状况、活动、关键点等地点状语，相当于表地点的“介词+which”why原因原因状语，相当于for which He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.在他生活的那个时代，盲人是接受不了什么教育的。 I wa
25、lked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。提示若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation、point、stage position等，且引导词在 从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，表示到了某种程度，在某种情况 下；如果引导词在从句中做主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导。 At last he got the position (th
26、at/which) he had been dreaming of.他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。 I have come to the point where/at which I cant stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。四、介词+关系代词1.“介词+关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物/事时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom。当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。Caring for the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details
27、of life should be considered.关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应顾及。He bought the car for more than $20,000, at which his father was angry.他花20 000多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。2 .“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whorrT引导的定语从句。The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond
28、 our control. 植物的生长速度受到很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。There are around four hundred students in our grade, most of whom are from the Xicheng District.我们年级有大约四百名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。【高频考点强化】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1A twist of fateWhen Tamara Rabi met Adriana Scott at a local McDonalds restaurant, their li
29、ves changed forever. didnt know what to say L hi. I was just so shocked it was like seeing myself,says Adriana. They were both students at neighbouring universities in Long Island, New York, and they had grown up only 30 kilometres apart. They shared a birthday, they were exactly the same height and
30、 both loved hip hop. But the most important thing 2. was shared between them was the same Mexican mother. Both girls grew up knowing that their mother 3 (give) them up for adoption when they were born, but they had no idea 4 they had a twin sister. Then, Justin Lattore, a friend of Adrianas, went to
31、 Tamaras twentieth birthday party. When he walked in and saw Tamara, hardly 5 he believe his eyes. I was just shocked - she looked so much like Adriana,“ says Justin. Then it got clear - they had to be sisters. In fact, Tamara had already noticed that strangers on her university campus often smiled
32、and said hello, clearly 6_ (mistake) her for someone else.Following the birthday, Justin put the two girls in touch and they arranged the McDonalds meeting by email. 7. she came towards me, she was walking like me, talking like me,“ says Tamara. We have the same mannerisms, the same interests and go
33、t the same grades at school,“ adds Adriana. The girl even discovered that as children they had often had the same nightmare of a really loud noise (follow) by a very quiet one. They had another sad factor a common. of their adoptive fathers had died a few years before they met.Now the twins are fini
34、shing their studies, and they meet often. I feel shes my sister, but our relationship rightnow is more like friends,“ says Tamara. Shes optimistic and excited that their futures will be together. “We will always have each other. We dont have any other brothers and sisters we are sure 10. (grow) old
35、together!2A Venturing PilotCharles Lindberg born in December Michigan was raised on a farm in Minnesota, where his father 11. (elect) to the U.S. Congress in 1907. From then on, he spent his boyhood alternatively in Washington D. C. , and Little Falls, Minnesota. 12. Lindbergh exhibited exceptional
36、mechanical talent, in 1921, he was admitted to the University of Wisconsin to study engineering. 13. (seek) more challenges, he left university before graduation and became a pilot, who performed exciting flight show at country fairs and public assemblies. This unusual and dangerous undertaking paid
37、 off so greatly in the sense that it allowed him to gain all-round experience in flying. He was particularly delighted in 14. he called wing-walking“ and parachute jumping.15. (train) in air service for a year, Lindberg completed his program at the Brooks and Kelly airfields at the top of his class.
38、 He was offered a job in Robertson Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis in Missouri where he retained his job 16. 1927, running the routes between St. Louis and Chicago. During this period, he set out to win the Raymond B, Orteig prize of $25,000 to be awarded to the first pilot 17. (fly) nonstop from
39、New York to Paris. He knew this ambitious flight 18. (change) his life.On board the greatest adventure of his time, Lindberg left Roosevelt Airport at 5:52 a.m. on May 20, 1927 and landed at Le Bourget Field at 5:24 p.m. the next day. Fearing that he would be unknown when he arrived, Lindberg carrie
40、d letters of introduction to the officials in Paris, but when his plane came to a stop, he found himself 19. (crowd) with welcoming people. He was decorated in France, Great Britain, and Belgium. President Coolidge sent a specially designated cruiser, the Memphis to bring him back. His accomplishmen
41、ts in flying brought 20. more medals and awards that had ever been received than any other person in private life.3Wolf Warrior 11(战狼 II)is such a hit that it has put China in the 21. (globe) spotlight(公众关注). Its also the first film 22. (taste) success both in terms of box office earnings and promot
42、ing Chinese values.The film focuses on 23. rescue operation in Africa, led by Leng Feng, played by Wu Jing, the writer 24. director of the film. It is based on the true events of the 2011 evacuation(撤离)of Chinese people from Libya. It describes 25. the Chinese government manages to protect overseas
43、Chinese26. (city). Just27, the message at the end of the film reads:1 When you encounter(遇至(j) danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at your back 28. (stand) a strong motherland.1Chinas29. (rise) military power and its positive role in the world have brought out a bigger sense o
44、f3Q. (proud) among young people in China.4How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time? An American shakes your hands 31. (firm) while looking you straight in the eye. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the 32. (much) respect y
45、ou want to show, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest.In Spain, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason, many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Mexico, lunch
46、is a time 33. (relax), and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat. In Britain, its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.In most countries, an exchange of business cards 34. (be) necessary for all introductions. You should include your company name and your position.
47、If you are going to a country 35. your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language. In a word, when travelling abroad, we should follow local habits.5Its only been one month since Dean LaBarba 36. (graduate) from medical school-but he wasnt exp
48、ecting to have started his life-saving career so soon.Last month, LaBarba was37. a 12-hour flight from Zurich to Los Angeles with his wife when a female passenger38. (sit) close to them said that she didnt feel well . Before she could get up 39. (use) the restroom,she fell down .LaBarba40. (immediate) rushed to the womans side, only to find th