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1、Difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the golden skirts*. One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies
2、-they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and thatIn turn could mean that boards
3、might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. nWomen feel more compelled than men to do their homework/ says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norways chairman of the year for , and we can afford to as
4、k the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers.41. The author mentions Ibsens play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict womens dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public co
5、mpany that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agreeA. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable
6、 quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.author attributes the phenomenon of Hgolden skirts11 to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of f
7、emale managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsens playC. womens stat
8、us in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While theres never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatriccancer cente
9、rs, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as shes discovering l
10、ife. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a H full-time healing addict.H Then she
11、picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal ncancer posse”： a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of Hcancer babes
12、 offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isnt funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her
13、( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun (cancer road trips, she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. nI refused to let cancer ruin my party/ she writes. n Thereare
14、 just too many cool things to do and plan and live for.”Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so youre not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing
15、Gloria Gaynors HI Will Survive0 so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. n people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your mir
16、acle/ she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancerA. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.
17、D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase cancer posse11 (Line 4, ) probably refers toA. a cancer research organizatio
18、nB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her becauseA. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical a
19、dvice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carrs cancer tips we may infer thatA. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. t
20、he neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGES oQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadershipjn both the
21、political and business ,he notes,concluded that Hone ought to be both feared and loved,but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved.nIn short,hard power is preferable to soft modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The dominant th
22、eoretical model of leadership at the moment is apparently,the transformational leadership pattem.Anone allergic（反感）to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcrish
23、ip into a single,slim examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular are plenty of anecdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate.Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,a
24、nd as he depicts various theories,even never quite nails the jelly to the is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12- point summary of his recuming the
25、me is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leaders arerequired;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.the first two paragraphs we may learn thans idea of hard power is.accepted by J
26、oseph Nyeinfluential till nowadayson sound theoriesto that of modem leadership theoristsof the following makes soft power more important today according tois widespread.is devalued.is no longer concentrated.hierarchies are strengthenedhis book the Powers to lead, has exmined all the following aspect
27、s of leadership EXCEPT.little use of management terms various studies conciselyas an exit for leadership researchersa model for contemporary corporate leadersto the author,the most interesting part ofs book lies in his.of changeable leadershipof good leadershipof leadership historyof moral leadershi
28、pPASSAGE4Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage:Americans dont like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the excels. But other struggles test those q
29、ualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads If American indulge in a bit of flag-when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration（恶化）of the very climate of this very planet is b
30、ecoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the . produces nearly a quarter of the worlds greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesnt intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels,
31、 the . walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the . is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. Its hard to imagine a bigger
32、fight than one for the survival of a countrys coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, theres far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which t
33、oo often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken Americans growth. But lets assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be add
34、ressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the . both environmentally safe and economically soundHalting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon
35、 emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism（实用主义）with ambition, the . can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will
36、 do some of the work, but what*s neededmost is will. nFm not saying the challenge isnt almost overwhelming/ says Fred Krupp. nBut this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.56. What does the passage mainly discussA. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. Americas environmental polic
37、ies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a countrys coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond peoples imaginationD. a less significan
38、t issue58. Judging from the context, the word Hrubn(Line 1, probably means.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflict【经典资料，wo RD文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，WORD文档，可修改】1月MBA联考真题及参考答案Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are
39、four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. The poor lady was too and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engaged B. exhaustedC. ignorant D. energetic2. At fist, the famous
40、painting doesnt impress the audience at all.A. glance B. gazeC. stare D. view3. Delegates agree to the plan in , but there were some details they didnt approve.A. discipline B, theoryC. principle D. nature4.1 took the medicine lOminutes ago, but the bitterness is still in my mouth.D. problem59. What
41、 is the authors attitude toward Americas policies on global warmingA. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmf
42、ul effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisis翻译：With the nations financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers9 excessive risk- taking is a sig
43、nificant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to p
44、ay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in th
45、is road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenues, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible r
46、isks.Part V Writing (20%)Direction: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2.At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important
47、role in our lives . We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot
48、 of convenience. Inaddition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, peoples life will be greatly enriched.But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message cant be ignored. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we cant focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers short messages one after another.As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself