名词(讲义)版英语六年级下册.docx

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1、名词知识精要1 .名词单、复数的变化规律及其用法;2 .名词所有格的变化及其用法;名词的分类与名词的数一、名词的意义:是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。我们通常称为名词。例如:teacher, desk, Japanese, milk等。二、名词的分类:总的来说,英语中的名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。1、专有名词:表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等专有名称的名词。例如:Lucy, Shanghai, the Communist Party of China, the United States等。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。2、普通名词:表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词。

2、例如:worker, boy, machine等。普通名词又可分为以下四类:(1)个体名词:表示个体的人或事物的名词。例如:cup, desk, student等。一般可数,有单复数形式。(2)集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词。例如:class, team, family等。一般可数,有单复数形式。(3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名词。例如:rice, water, cotton等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。(4)抽象名词:表示状态、品质、动作、情感等抽象概念的名词。例如:love, work, life等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。2.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等

3、无生命的名词,也可以在词尾后加、或“”,以构成所 有格。如:todays news, ten minutes drive, Chinas industry等。二、“of +名词”所有格无生命的名词的所有格,通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如:the windows of the room (房间的窗户),the cov6rof the dictionary (词典的封 面)。三、双重所有格1.双重所有格的概念及用法(1)表示部分概念,of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词,如:a, an, one, two, some, severab a few, many, any, no 等.Th

4、is is a picture of mine.这是我的一张照片。(2)双重所有格与of所有格的不同。如:He is a friend of your fathers.他是你父亲的一个朋友。(强调你父亲的朋友不止一 个)He is a tYiend of your father.他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他是你父亲的好友)Practice一.用所给词的适当形式填空1 .March 8th isDay. (woman).2 .Taking twenty(分钟)exercise every day is good for your health.3 .The shop sells(妇女)handba

5、gs.4 .Teachers in western countries have a(三个月 的)holiday in a year.5 .TII give my English teacher a card for Day. (teacher)6 .lfs only ten walk from the station to the hotel, (minute)7 .lfs an(hour) ride from here to the museum.8 . Thats my(father) car. Its grey.二、根据括号内容完成句子1. This is(我妹妹的语文书)2. (双胞

6、胎的臣卜室)are very nice.3. (Lucy 和 Lily 的父亲)is a hotel manager.4. They are(Peter 和 Sam 的老师).5. (教师节)is on September 10th .6. (学生们的桌椅)are very new.7. We are very happy on(儿童节).8. He is in the(老师的办公室)now.9. Please open(教室的门).10. (Kitty 的鞋)a re wh ite.11. (人1匕6和86口的学校)15切92111 new.12. (Tony 哥哥的电脑)is broken

7、.13. Its(妇女节)on March 8th.14. Are these(男生们的书包)?15. That is(Tom和李雷的教室).参考答案一: womens, minutes, womans, three months, Teachers, minutes, hours, fathers二:参考答案:1. my sisters Chinese book.2. The twins bedrooms3. Lucy and Lilys father4. Peters and Sams teacher5. Teachers Day6. The students5 desks7. Child

8、rens Day8. teachers office9. the door of the classroom10. Kittys shoes11. Alice and Bens school12. The computer of TonyJs brother13. Womens Day14. boys schoolbags15. Tom and Li Lei5s classroom名词专项训练A选择正确的答案,并把序号填在括号里)I.Mike is one of the English in our school,A.boy B.boys C.a boy)2. June 1 st is Day

9、.A. Childs B.Childrens C. Children)3. There are seven in a week.)4. We are in model group.)5.These bottles of are fresh.)6.Have you got any nice?A.)7A go to shool on.)8.1 can see two standing there.)9.Those are on the desk.A.newspaper B.bookC.story books)10.May I have two?)11.These are four in the p

10、encil-box.(A) )12.This is big.(B) )13.A pigs are big.(C) )14.Give me some, please.(D) )15.There are six in the photo.名词专项训练A答案详解二、选择正确的答案,并把序号填在括号里(E) I.Mike is one of the English in our school.A.boy B.boys C.a boy答案解析:根据题意,此处用boy的复数形式boys。(F) 2. June 1st isDay.A. Childs B.Childrens C. Children答案解析:

11、根据题意,此处用Child复数形式Childrens。(A) 3. There are seven in a week.答案解析:根据题意,此处用复数形式days。(C) 4, We are in model group.答案解析:根据题意,此处用plane。(G) 5.These bottles of are fresh.答案解析:milk是不可数名词,用原形。(A) 6.Have you got any nice?A.答案解析:根据题意,此处用复数形式photos。(C) 7.1 go to shool on.答案解析:固定词组。n foot“步行”。(B) 8.1 can see two

12、 standing there.答案解析:根据题意,此处用复数形式women,不规则变化。(C) 9.Thoseare on the desk.A.newspaper B.book C.story books答案解析:根据题意,此处用复数形式story books.(A) 10.May I have two?答案解析:根据题意,此处用复数形式apples.(C) 11 .These are four in the pencil-box.答案解析:根据题意,此处用knife复数形式knives,不规则变化。(A) 12.Thisis big.答案解析:根据题意,此处用T-shirt(A) 13.

13、A pigs are big.答案解析:根据题意,此处用ear复数形式ears.(B) 14.Give me some, please.答案解析:water是不可数名词,用原形。(A) 15.There are sixin the photo.答案解析:根据题意,此处用复数形式,但people是原形,不规则变化。三、名词的数:(一)可数名词的复数形式的构成规则1 .一般情况下在名词的词尾加s,如:book -books, pencil-pencils.2 .以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词加-es,其读音为iz。如:bus-buses, box- boxes, watch -wat

14、ches, dish- dishes等。3 .以-y结尾的名词: 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,把y改为i再加es,读音为iz,如:factory -factories, company -companies等。(2)以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾,直接在词尾加-s,读音为zo 如:key- keys, Henry- Henrys4 .以-f和结尾的名词: 变f或fe为v再加读音为vz。如:thief -thieves, wife-wives, half-halves等。(2)直接在词尾加-s,如:roof- roofs, gulf- gulfs, chief -chiefs

15、, proof-proofs等。(3)两者均可。如:handkerchief -handkerchiefs 或 handkerchieves.5 .以-o结尾的名词:(1)以。结尾的无生命的名词后面加photophotos 相片radioradios 收音机zoozoos 动物园(2)以。结尾的有生命的名词后面加,-es”tomato-tomatoes 西红柿potato-potatoes 土豆hero-heroes 英雄(二)不规则名词的复数形式1 .改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。如:man -men, woman- women, toothteeth, foot -feet, mou

16、se- mice, child -children等。2 .单复数形式相同。如:sheep, deer, fish等,以及由汉语音译表示度量、币制等单位的名词。如:yuan.另外以-ese或-ss结尾的表示民族的名词也一样同形。如:Chinese,Japanese, Swiss等.3.以-an结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-S.如:Americans, Asians, Russians, Australians, Italians, Germans等。注意:Englishman -Englishmen, Frenchman- Frenchmen.4 .复合名词的复数

17、形式:(1)在词末加-(e)s,如:afternoons, housewives等。(2)把主体名词变成复数形式。如:lookers-on (旁观者),passers-by (过路人)等。(3)由man或woman作为第一部分的复数名词,两个组成部分皆变为复数形式。如:mandriver -men drivers, woman doctor -women doctors等。(三)几种特殊的复数形式的名词1 .有些表示由两部分构成的东西和部分学科的名词总以复数的形式出现。如:glasses (眼镜),shorts (短裤),mathematics (数学),physics (物理学),polit

18、ics (政治学)等.2 .有些复数形式的名词表示特别的意义。如:papers (文件),manners (礼貌),goods (货物),times (时代),conditions (环境;情况)等.3 .有些名词在习惯用语中一定要用复数形式。如:make friends with (与交朋友), shake hands with (与握手)等。(四)不可数名词1 .物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。如:luggage, milk, rice, soup, water, money, meat等。注意:不可数名词在表示量的时候需要用上适当的量词,当数词大于1时,量词须变为复数。如:a piec

19、e of advice(一条建议),five pieces of advice (五条建议),a bag of rice (一袋大米),three bags of rice (三袋大米)。可数名词的量也可以用适当的量词来表达.2 .不可数名词的转化(1)物质名词表示种类或具体事物时则成为可数名词。如:glass (玻璃)a glass (一个玻璃杯),tea (茶)two teas (两杯茶),ice (冰)three ices (三个冰淇淋).(2)抽象名词具体化时也可成为可数名词。如:beauty (美丽)a beauty (一个美人),youth (青春)a youth (一个青年).(

20、3)表示具体事物的可数名词,用于表示抽象或物质意义是,便转化为不可数名词。如: a room (一个房间)room (空间),a chicken (一只小鸡)chicken(鸡肉)。【例题】Whats in the?There are some and in them.A. photos, potatos, radiosB. photos, potatoes, radiosC. photoes, potatos, radiosD. photos, potatoes, radioes【解析】 本题考查的是photo, potato, radio这三个词的复数形式,photo应加-s, potat

21、o 应加-es, radio 应加-s,故选 B.【答案】B【即学即用】I want somefor dinner.A. balls B. fishC. erasers D. CDs【答案】B【例题】I have to do this evening.A.a lot of works B. many work C. a lot of work D. some works【解析】本题考查的是不可数名词,work为不可数名词,因此不能有复数形式,另外many不能修饰不可数名词。故选C。【答案】C【即学即用】We havent anyin the fridge. Lets go and buy so

22、me coke and orange juice.A. Vegetables B. fruit C. drink D. food【答案】CPractice一、写出下列各词的复数(一)可数名词的复数规则变化1. mapgirlpen bag2. bus brush watch box3. baby city country4. hero potato zoo photo5. knife leaf wolf wife(二)可数名词复数不规则变化6. childfoottoothmouseman(三)国人单复数变化7. GermanEnglishman Chinese(四)单复数同形8. deers

23、heep yuan二、选择填空()1. Thereon the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo()2. There are four and two in the group.A. apple; banana B. apples; banana C. apples; bananas ()3. The boys have.A. two bread B. two pieces of bread C. two piece of bread()4. There some in the ri

24、ver.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. are , fish()5. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B.our toothsC.our teeth()6. That a art book.A. an B.a C. the()7. The old man wants.A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples()8.They are.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher(

25、)9. I can see ten in the picture.A. sheep三、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Do you want some for supper?(potato)(student) are cleaning the(desk) and(chair) now.3 .There are two(library) in our school.4 .My mother wash(dish) in the kitchen.5 . I have a(pen). She has two(pen)6 . There are some(photo) on the wall.四、完形填空:

26、Tom is an 1.boy. Hes twelve 2 . Hes two years younger than his brother, Jim. Tom is 150 cm and Jim is 160 cm. Jim is 50 kilos and Tom is 60 kilos. Tom wants 3 .lose some weight(减月巴),so he tries not to eat too much food. He also 4.more exercise than before. Every morning he earlier than Jim and he go

27、es jogging(短跑)for thirty minutes. He usually goes skating afterschool. After dinner, Tom often goes for a walk(散步),and Jim likes 6.at home. Now Tom is much stronger than Jim. Jim thinks he needs more exercise now. He and Tom will do exercise together.1. A. JapaneseB. EnglandC. American2. A. year old

28、B. years oldC. years older3. A. toB. forC. with4. A. didB.doesC. do5. A. goes to bedB. goes to schoolC. gets up6. A.skiingB. swimmingC. watching TV名词的所有格一、所有格的构成1.表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格一般在名词后加、,其构成形式如下: (1) 一般单数名词后加S。如:my brothers book, Jacks cat, the girls pen等.(2)以-s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格,只需在名词右上方加如:girls, teach

29、ers等。注意: 在不规则复数名词后,要加s。.如:womens clothes.般在名词右上方加“,也(3)以结尾的专有名词所有格,以读音z结尾的,可加1s,其读音分别为可和iz o如:Dickens / Dickenss book.注意:若不以读音z结尾则仍用七.如:Rosss book.(4)复合名词或词群的所有格的词尾、加在后面的名词之后。如:the President of the United Statess car美国总统的汽车。注意:当出现同位语时,s一般加在同位语后。如:This is my sister Mary*s bag.这是 我妹妹玛丽的包.(5)如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词词尾加s,如果不是共有的,两个 名词都要加如:Tom and Peters room汤姆和彼得的房间 供有)Toms and Peters rooms汤姆的房间和彼得的房间(不共有)(6)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上、代表全称。如:at the doctors = at the doctors office在诊所(7)在one及one / body和some, any, no, every结合起来的复合词后。如:someones book.这些代词和else连用,&应力在else后。如:somebody elses pencil.

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