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1、现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身：Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.十一）过去完成进行时相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时 它的时态不能再向前推，向后推是现在完成进行时。主语+had+been（助动词）+谓语动词-ing过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近,它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过 去某个时刻，还未完成，
2、一直持续到之后才结束。He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.（有一个表示一段时间的状语）Up to that time he had been translating those books.He stopped swimming. He had been swimming for the last three hours.十二）过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。1、“would do”常表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。He said he would come to see me.他说他要
3、来看我。He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。2、“was/were+going to do”表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。She said she was going to start at once.她说她将立即出发。I was told that he was going to return home.他告诉我他准备要回家。3、come,go,leave,arrive,start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。He said the train was leaving at six the next mo
4、rning.他说火车第二天早晨出发。She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。4、条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。I didnt know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.（四）动词语态的概念英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是动作的执行者。被动语态（passive voice）是动词 的一种形式。被动语态中主语是动作的承受着。一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 汉语往往用“被”、”受”、“给“等被动词
5、来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者一般由介 词by引起。They always help you.他们总是帮助你。（主动）You are always helped by them你总是被他们帮助。（被动）（五）常用动词语态表一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在时is/am/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been done/过去时was were donewas/were being donehad been done/将来时will
6、/shall be done am/is/are going to be done/will have been done/过去将来时would be done(六)一些特殊的被动结构1、get+过去分词get+过去分词结构有多种时态形式，常与动作或过程动词连用，不与状态动词连用。可与get连用的 过去分词有：arrested, bored, broken, burned, caught, changed, drunk, engaged, excited, fired, hanged, hurt, invited, killed, lost, married, punished, repair
7、ed, tired, translated, wounded.(1 )表示“经历”概念：The daughter of a friend of mine got married the other day.He got changed and went out to the football pitch.(2 )表示“受害”概念：He got wounded in the battle.Dont got caught in the storm.(3 )表示“情感或身体变化”概念：I got excited.She got very tired.2、带宾语从句的句子改成被动语态的两个句型句型1
8、：宾语从句的主语+be+主句谓语的过去分词+宾语从句谓语动词的不定式恰当形式句型2 ： It+be +主句谓语的过去分词+that+原宾语从句主动：People say she knows five languages.被动：(1 ) She is said to know five languages.(2 ) It is said that she knows five languages.说明：过去分词believed, confirmed, considered, estimated, feared, hoped, known, mentioned, reported, said, t
9、hought常可用于这种表达方式。It is believed that.It is considered that.It is feared that.It is confirmed that.It is estimated that.It is reported that.(七)主动形式表被动意义1、want, need, require, deserve, worth等表示“需要，值得”的词后。The children need looking after.2、在主语是物的句子中，由及物动词转化来的不及物动词的主动形式常可表被动形式，并常与副词easily, well, smoothly
10、等连用,止匕类动词有：act, clean, cut, cook, burn, draw, keep, lock, move, pick, play, read, sell, shut, start, tear(撕破)，wash, wear, write等。The poem reads smoothly.3、有些动词既可以当及物动词，又可当不及物动词使用，且将作及物动词使用时句子中的宾语改为主语 时，仍可用主动表示被动(做不及物动词使用)。这类动词有：begin, bend, break, burst, change, close, cook, continue, crack, crash,
11、decrease, drive, drop, finish, fly, grow, improve, increase, melt, open, rot, run, sail, sell out, shrink, shut, split, spread, start, stick, stop, stretch, tear, widen等。a) He has improved his pronunciation.b) His pronunciation has improved.a) They changed their work pattern.b) Their work pattern ch
12、anged.a) We finished the party with a song.b) The party finished with a song.4、某些做表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词有：nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interestingThis fish is not fit to eat.5、不定式作表语，可用主动形式表示被动意义。She is to blame.她应该受到责备。A great deal is yet to do.还有许多事要做。So
13、mething is still to find out.有些东西还有待查明。6、某些感官动词与形容词连用时，这类动词有：feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste, wear等。This dish tastes delicious.当堂知识检测1. Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he for patients in his medicalpractice in London.A. waitedB. had waited C. was waiting D. h
14、as been waiting2. Is William still drinking?No. By next Sunday he_for a whole month without drinking.A. had beenB. has been goingC. will have beenD. will go3. Can I pay a visit to you this Friday afternoon, manager?一 Sorry, I some business partners from Huawei Company the whole afternoon.A. have met
15、B , have been meetingC. will be meetingD. will have met4. When I started my PhD and realized that I would need financial help, I to the student advice officeand told them that I was a carer.A. would goB. had goneC. was goingD. went5. I feel it is you as well as your wife that for your sons bad perfo
16、rmance at school.A. are to blameB. are going to be blamedC. are to be blamedD. is to be blamed6. In the past decades, some number plates extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words.A. had become B. have become C. has become D. became7. Since May, more than one death from monkey pox i
17、nfection in this area, causing great concern of thelocal government.A.has been reportedB. have reportedC.has reportedD. have been reported8. It was the first time that Chinas lecture from the orbiting Chinese Space Station.A.was deliveredB.had been deliveredC.has been deliveredD.delivered9. Nothing
18、but some ancient Chinese coins in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.A. were found B. has been found C. had been found D. have been found10. In the UK, when having dinner with your friends, you have to wait until everyone else before youstart eating.A. has servedB.is being servedC. had
19、 been servedD.has been served11. They blamed the failure on George. Actually, he.A. is not to blame B.is to blameC. is not to be blamedD.should not blame12. His sister left home in1998, and eversince.A. had not been heard ofB , has not been heard ofC , had not heard ofD. has not heard of13. His sugg
20、estion has been by people in many parts of the world.A. adoptingB. adoptedC. adaptedD. adapting14. The moment the 29th Olympic Games open, the whole world cheered.A. declaredB. have been declared C. have declaredD. were declared15. A new era was _ by the establishment of WTO.A.come intobeingB.bringi
21、ng into beingC.to come intobeingD.brought into being16. Now we often hear some women complain that men arent.A ,to rely onB.to be relied onC.reliedD.to be relied17. In the long term, I hope that 20 years from today, I as a judge.A. am working B. will be working C. workD. have worked18. . 一What do yo
22、u think of his teaching method?一It should be popular; it practical.A. provesB. is provedC. has been proved D. was proved19. The teacher suggested that much attention should _ the spelling mistakes.A. pay forB. pay toC. be paid forD. be paid to20. Taiwan is part of China. But it is a island. It5s fro
23、m the mainland by Taiwan Strait.A.separate; separatedB.separate; separateC.separated; separatingD.separated; separate21. After a days work, I went to the restaurant near my company to have dinner, only to be told that it.A.is decoratedB.was decoratedC.is being decoratedD.was being decorated22. Tom,
24、how are you doing with the job hunting?To be frank. Tm still hesitating whether to accept the position I at the job fair.A. had been offered B. was offered C. offeredD. had offered23. The famous director, as well as the main actors in the film,to a TV program to have a face-to-face talk with the aud
25、ience last Saturday.A. have been invited B. has been invited C. was invitedD. were invited24. Turkish officials are saying that the number of people who by the earthquakes that took place insoutheastern Turkey at least 20 million.A. had been affected; reachesB. has affected; reachC. was affected; re
26、achD. have been affected; reaches25. . She hurriedly ran home, never once looking back to see whether she.A. would follow B. was following C. has followed D. was being followed26. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat.A.was cutB.will be cutC.will have b
27、een cutD.has been cut27. Over the past five years, large amounts of rubbish, such as plastic bags,by the volunteer team.A.have been collectedB.was collectedC.has been collectedD.were collected28. It was the first time that he Xinjiang, and was amazed by the breathtaking scenery.A. has visitedB. had
28、visitedC. visitedD. would visit29. When he finally raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it but learned that it to acollector.A.was soldB.have been soldC. had been soldD.will have beensold30. The building which will be the highest one in Chongqing.A.is buildingB.has been builtC. will b
29、uildD.is being built31. After the age of sixteen, as_, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. A. were discoveredB. have discoveredC. has been discoveredD. had been discovered32. It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the student
30、s.一Oh, today we are still from heavy school work,at preparing us for the entrance examination.A. suffering; aimedC. suffered; aiming33. His suggestion all right.A. soundB. is sounded34. The surroundings of his houseA. isB. areB. suffered; aimedD. suffering; aimingC. soundsD. is soundingclean now.C.
31、wasD. were35. He suggested_ a meeting and it suggested that he_ in our plan.A. to hold;was interestedB. holding;was interestedC. holding;should be interestedD. should hold;be interested36. The plane at 10: 00, so you must try to be at the airport by 9: 00.A. takes offB. is going to take offC. is to
32、take offD. is taking off37. What prize in the following competition?A. do you think you will getB. do you expect will you getC. do you think you have gotD. do you expect have you got38. Do you know our town at all?一No, this is the first time I here.A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming39. The boss f
33、inally decided to send Ken to Kunming for a business trip, for he there for five years and isfamiliar with the city.A.worksB. would workC.had workedD. has beenworking40. The work he devoted his time to worth praising.A.beB. wasC.beingD. been41. Are you waiting for a bus from the office of the City G
34、overnment?一Yes. I arrived here at the bus stop ten minutes ago, but the bus_.A. hadnt come B. wont come C. didnt come D. hasnt come42. The power of Charlie Chaplins works is not only in his acting, but also in the stories and characters he.A. had created B. has created C. createdD. creates43. 一Have
35、you ever been to Tibet?一Actually, I there for two years and then left for home when my father was ill.A. had worked B. has worked C. workedD. was working44. Im finally going back to my motherland; I in the foreign country for four years by next month.A. have been stayingB. will have stayedC. have st
36、ayedD. will be staying45. . The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in the theatre.A.are searchingB.were searchingC.is searchingD.was searching46. When walking down the street, I came across David, who I for years.A.didnt seeB.havent seenC.hadnt seenD.wouldnt see47. I want to pa
37、y a visit to my parents; I in the foreign country for five months by next Sunday.A.have been stayingB.will have stayedC.have stayedD.will be staying48. Shopping centers around the world events and activities to celebrate Chinese Spring Festival for years.A. organizedB. were organizedC. have been org
38、anizingD. have been organized49. So far, the coach as well as all the players their confidence.A. has lostB. have lostC. lostD. is losing50. 92000 hectares of farmland in the country have been planted with food crops.A. up to now B. ten years ago C. now and then D. by the end of next year 参考答案：1. C【
39、详解】考查时态。句意：有趣的是，道尔在伦敦的医疗诊所等待病人时，写了一些早期福尔摩斯的故事。 结合主句谓语wrote用一般过去时和while常与进行时连用可知，该空用过去进行时表过去某段时间一直 进行的动作。故选C项。2. C【详解】考查时态。句意： 威廉还在喝酒吗?不。到下星期天，他就整整一个月没有喝酒了。根 据句中时间状语By next Sunday可知，用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。故选C。 3. C【详解】考查时态。句意：经理，这个星期五下午我可以去拜访您吗？ 抱歉，我整个下午都要会 见华为公司的一些商业伙伴。根据时间状语this Friday afternoon
40、和the whole afternoon可知，表示将来某一 时间段正在做某事，所以用将来进行时。故选C。4. D【详解】考查时态。句意：当我开始攻读博士学位，意识到自己需要经济帮助时，我去了学生咨询办公室， 告诉他们我是一名护工。分析句子可知，空处为主句的谓语，结合句中“and told them”可知，空处动词的时 态和and后的told并列，所以空处用一般过去时。选项D符合题意，故选D。5. A【详解】考查强调句中的主谓一致和主表被用法。句意：你儿子在学校成绩不好，我觉得你和你妻子都应 该受到责备。as well as连接两个并列主语，谓语动词要和前一主语保持一致，因此be动词用are；动
41、词blame 不用被动语态，常用be to blame主动式表被动意义。故选A项。6. B【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去的几十年里，一些车牌变得极其宝贵，特别是那些能拼出单词 的车牌。In the past decades为时间状语，一般与现在完成时连用，主语some number plates是复数概念，谓 语动词也用复数形式。故选B。7. A【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：自5月以来，该地区报告了一例以上的猴痘感染死亡，引起了当地政府 的极大关注。根据时间状语Since May及句子结构可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现 在的影响。more than one death
42、与report是动宾关系，故用被动语态，且主语more than one death是单数， 助动词用has,故选A。8. B【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这是中国第一次在轨道运行的中国空间站上发表演讲。此处为句型it was thefirst time that+过去完成时，且从句主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。9. B【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从他们开始探险以来，就只在沉船中发现了一些古代的中国钱币。根据 句子中的时间状语“since they began the exploration”可知，此处应使用现在完成时；由于本句中的主语为 Nothing but结构
43、，故谓语动词与but之前的不定代词nothing之间是被动关系且保持一致，故用第三人称 单数形式；主语nothing与find是被动关系。故选B项。10. D【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在英国，当你和你的朋友共进晚餐时，你必须等到所有人都就坐后才开 始吃饭。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，句中指你必须等到所有人都就坐后才开始吃饭，强调“所 有人都就坐”的动作已经完成，应用现在完成时，“everyone else”意为“所有人，于serve”为被动关系，故 句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，everyone else”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D项。11. A【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：
44、他们把失败归咎于乔治，事实上，他不应该受到责备。betoblame为固 定短语，意为：应受责备，to blame为动词不定式作表语，主动表被动。所以A. is not to blame不应受责 备；B. is to blame 应受责备；C. is not to be blamed 语法形式错误；D. should not blame 应该责备 由 “actually”（事实上）及句意可知，他们不应该把失败归咎于乔治，因此他不应该受到责备。故选A。12. B【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他的妹妹1998年离家，从此杳无音讯。根据句意和时间状语ever since 可知，此处应用现在完成时，且动
45、词短语hear of和主语之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故 选B项。13. B【详解】考查动词词义辨析和语态。句意：他的建议被世界许多地方的人所采纳。A. adopting采纳；收养； B. adopted采纳；收养；C.adapted改编;调整；D. adapting改编;调整。句子主语His suggestion与采纳 之间为被动关系，此处应用过去分词形式构成现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。14. D【详解】考查时态语态。句意：第29届奥运会宣布开幕的那一刻，全世界都为之欢呼。分析句子可知， declare（宣布）是时间状语从句中谓语动词，与主语the 29th Olympic
46、 Games之间是被动关系，结合句意，讲 述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓 语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故选D项。15. D【详解】考查动词短语辨析和被动语态。句意：由于世贸组织的建立，一个新的时代出现了。A. come into being 形成；B. bringing into being 使形成；C. to come into being 形成；D. brought into being 使形成。短语 come into being为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，bring sth. into being使出现，产
47、生，为及物动词短 语，被动式为sth.be brought into being,根据句意可可知，“新的时代”与“形成”之间为被动关系，该句使用 的是被动语态。故选D项。16. B【详解】考查时态、语态。句意：现在我们经常听到一些女人抱怨男人不值得依赖。rely为不及物动词， 后跟介词on,故排除C项和D项；complain后的宾语从句中rely on为谓语动词，与从句主语men之间为 动宾关系，应用被动语态，故排除A项。be to do表一般将来时，其被动结构为be to be done。故填to be relied on。故选B项。17. B【详解】考查时态。句意：从长远来看，我希望20年后的今天，我将成为一名法官。根据上文20 years from today可知，表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，或往往是因为已经做好准备，认为某事肯定会发生， 应用将来进行时。故选B。18. A【详解】考查时态语态。句意：你认为他的教学方法怎么样?应该受