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1、2023年高中英语语法表语从句运用解析表语从句概念解析表语从句是英语中常见的一种从句形式，很多同学并不知道表语 从句的含义和用法表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，说明主语是什么或 者怎么样。总之表语是对主语的解释和说明，是主语具体化，并且常 与连系动词一起使用。This book looks expensive.（形容词做表语）这本书看起来很 贵。We are Chinese.（名词做表语）表语从句：在复合句中作表语的从句，就叫做表语从句。表语从 句一般放在系动词之后，结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。连系动词：be动词、表示持续的系动词（keep, remain, stay）、 感官动
2、词look（看起来），feel（摸起来，感觉），smell（闻起来）， sound（听起来），taste（尝起来，吃起来）等、表示变化的系动词（become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,）、表终止的系动词 prove, turn out（结果是，证明是）、seem, appear （看起来一）连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。例如: 一晚，你会觉得好些。3. appear, “显得，看起来好像”，半系动词。It appeared （to be） a true story.看来这是一个真实的 故事。4. keep, “保持的状态，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。Y
3、ou d better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在 床上去暖和一下。5. remain,仍是,半系动词。I remained silent.我仍然缄默。6. stay “保持（某种状态），半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。The window stayed open all the night.“证明是，半系动词，后接adj.n.The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证 明是成功的。1. get ”变成，变得起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短 语。The days are getting longer and l
4、onger. 白天变得越 来越长了。2. fall “进入（某种状态），成为，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。My father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了。3. grow “渐渐变得起来，长得”It s growing warm.天气渐渐暖和起来了。4. turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）Maple trees turn red in
5、autumn.枫叶在秋天变红了。It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。5. go, “变成（某种坏的状态）”The telephone has gone dead. 电话不通了。The material has gone a funny colour. 这料子的颜色 变得奇怪了。go 之后常接的 adj.还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blu
6、e, grey.6. become 变成,成为（好坏均可的情况）”I became interested in drawing.我开始对素描感兴趣ToHe became angry with me. 他对我生气了。They became good friends.他们成了好朋友。7. come, “变成为（已知的状态），证实为“，后常接形容词或前 缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想当飞 行员的愿望实现了。If you look into the matter, everything will
7、come clear.如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚。后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear （昂贵），natural, open, short, right （好了），unstuck （没有粘住），untied （松开）。8. run, “变成，后接 adj.The price ran high. 价格上升了。9. make达到某种状态后接形容词，如sure, certain, merry, bold, freeWe must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。D.双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又 保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如：T
8、he run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。She stopped and stood quite still,她停下来然后一 丝不动地站着。The snow lay thick on the ground.雪厚厚地堆积在 地上。He married young.他结婚很早。Lei Feng died young.雷锋早逝。He continued silent,他继续沉默不语。He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的那样的人。His suggestion is that we should stay
9、calm.他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。所谓表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。它跟在be动词或系动 词后面，说明主语是什么或者怎么样的。例如：a)He has become what he wanted to be.他已经成为 了 想成为 的那个人。b)The problem is when we have a meeting. 问题是我们什么 时候能举行会谈。我们说过，宾语从句要用陈述语序。其实，表语从句也是如此。 上面的例子如果写 The problem is when do we have a meeting 就 错了。但是和宾语从句不同的是，宾语从句中的that可以省略，但在 表语从句中
10、，这个懒千万不能偷！His suggestion is that we can try to catch the next train. 他建议我们去赶下一班火车。上面的例句中，引导表语从句的that一定不能省略哦。另外，通常情况下，if和whether可以互换，但是在表语从句中却行不通，一定要用whether。例如：The question is whether you have enough time to do it. 问题在于你是否有足够的时间去做。千万不能写成 the question is if you have enough time to do it哦！表语从句的引导词用法简述
11、表语从句和其他英语中的从句一样，有很多不同含义和不同用法 的引导词，下面，1 .从属连词：that / whether /as if /as though/as/because(1) that引导表语从句本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用， 不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth?s surface is covered by water.连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时, that可以省略。What I want to do is (that) I can go
12、up to him and thank him.我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。(2) whether引导表语从句表示“是否”，但不充当句子的成分。The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.if与whether均意为“是否”，但引导表语从句时，只能用 whether, 不能用 if。(3)as if/though “好像”，引导表语从句时要注意语态.如果句中的情况与事实不相符，从句多用虚拟语气。如果从句表 示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；如果从句表示与过去事 实相反时，谓语动词要用“had+过去分
13、词”，如果从句表示将来的可 能性不大，用would (might , could )+动词原形.Li Lei is now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy.(现在事实相反)The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times. (与过去事 实相反)It looks as if it might rain.(与将来事实相反)但是，如果as if/though引导
14、的表语从句所表示的与事实相符， 从句则用陈述语气。The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.（4） as引导表语从句He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。（5） because引导表语从句常用结构：This/That/It is/was because That is because I don t like Chinese.2 .连接代词：who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whatever/whiche
15、ver/whomev er,在表语从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。Tom is no longer what he used to be. （what 做表语）The problem is who is fit for this job. （who 做主语）This is what I want to tell you. （what 做宾语）The problem is whose work is the best, （whose 做定语）3 .连接副词：when/where/how/why,在表语从句中做状语。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的
16、。The question is where we can live.问题是我们能住在哪儿。关于表语从句的几点注意事项表语从句作为英语中的一项重要从句，其内含的语法知识非常丰富，我们要掌握精髓，避开雷区，在使用时要格外注意以下几点:.reason做主语或主语中包含事件的起因时，后面的表语从句 表示原因时要用that来引导，而不用because； why引导主语从句做 主语时，表语从句用that引导，不用becauseoThe reason is that he got up late.Why he is late is that he got up late.that is why/becau
17、se(1) That is why .是常用句型，其中why引导的从句在句中作 表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。That is the reason why .与 That is why .是同义的，“这就是的原因/因此”，但是从语法结构上讲That is the reason why .中的why引导的是一个定语从句。That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考试不及
18、格的原因。(why在定语从句中充当原因状语)(2) That is because , , ,句型中从属连词because引导的名词 性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是因为That is because I got up late.这是因为我起床迟了。(3) “That is because”与That is why”之间的不同 在于That is because.指原因或理由，“That is why.则 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。I was angry. That was because he didn t understand me. 我生气是因为他不理解我。(表语从句强
19、调原因)That s why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解 雇的原因。(表语从句强调结果)三.The reason (why/for)is /was that. , , 的原因是,The reason for his absence is that he got up late.The reason why he is absent is that he got up late.他缺席的原因是他起床迟了。四.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令、计划含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语 动词需用“Should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可省
20、略。常见 的词有：advice, suggestion, order, request, proposal, plan, idea 等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。表语从句需要注意的问题及系动词分类1 .当主语为reason时，表语从句的连接词要用that,不用 because,构成句型 “the reason (why-) is that-.The reason why you did not join us seems unbelievable.2 . A is to B wh
21、at C is to D.English is to me what fish is to water.3 .在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中， 谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如:My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发4 .系动词分类：一、根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词，如be, seem) 和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实 义动词用，如look)例如：1
22、） He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”，实义动词用法)He looks a clever boy .(“看起来”，系动词用法）2） He looks at a clever boy.（看着”,实义动词用法）在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词 用法。二、根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：A.五大感官系动词 B.状态系动词 C.动态系动词 D.双 谓语系动词1. look “看起来像是，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不 定式等。The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女 孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2. smell 闻起来，后接adj.分词。The flowers smell sweet.这些花气味真香。3. sound “听起来，后接adj. 分词。The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4. taste 尝起来，后接adj. 分词。The apples taste very good.这些苹果很好吃。5. Feel”摸起来，给感觉”;“觉得“，后接adj./p.p.You will feel better after a night s sleep. 睡上