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1、1. 选必 3 Unit3Reading： Sailing the oceansZheng HeIn the summer of 1405 Zheng He. one of Chinas greatest explorers, set sail from Taicang on his first voyage.A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost28,000 people onboard, which was a splendid scene. It would take 500 years before
2、a larger fleet sailed the seas. According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.2. A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost28,000 people onboard, which was a splendi
3、d scene.一支由200多艘船组成的船队在蔚蓝的大海中航行，船上近28000人，这是一幅壮丽的景象。3. demonstrate-display-convey4. advanced technology and special skills 先进的技术和专门的技能Between 1405 and 1433,on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts f
4、or foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countrieslOandregions.He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa. As they sailed, the navigators took compass readings, kept logs of their voyages and charted the coast Later the detailed maps became Zheng Hes Navigation Ma
5、p.5. His ships were loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers, and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countrieslOandregions .他的船上装满了瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍宝作为送给外国 统治者的礼物，船队友好访问了 30多个国家10多个地区。6. As they sailed, the navigators took compass readings, kept logs of their
6、 voyages and charted the coast Later the detailed maps became Zheng Hes Navigation Map.他们远航时，航海员们会读取指南针读数，记录航行 日志并绘制海岸图，后来详细的地图成为郑和的导航地图。Zheng Hes seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours. In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot, legends have been passed on ab
7、out this great explorer. Zheng Hes efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture,and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands7. a far-reaching impact on 影响深远8. passed on 传递9. Zheng Hes efforts h
8、elped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions, exposing foreign people to Chinese culture,and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.郑和 的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人接触中国文化，让中国人更好地了解海 外土地。For many years, some historians dismissed the records of t
9、hese voyages as legends. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing, where the20 fleet had been built. Zheng Hes accomplishments are now widely acknowledged,and he is remembered as one of Chinas most influential explorers.10. an enormous shipyard 巨大的造船厂11. Zheng Hes acc
10、omplishments are now widely acknowledged,and he is remembered as one of Chinas most influential explorers.郑和的成就现在得到广泛认可，他被人们认为是中国最具影响力的探险家之一。Christopher ColumbusThose who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.
11、Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451. As a teenager, he loved sailing, and he showed great interest in geography which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.12. Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way as was the case with the explorer Ch
12、ristopher Columbus.那些有伟大发现的人必须经常克服许多挑战，就像探险家克里斯托 弗哥伦布一样。Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. After continuous attempts. he received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain. On 3 August 1492 he departed from Spain wi
13、th three ships carrying about 90 crewmen. The journey was full of challenges it took longer than expected, they faced a shortage of food, and one of the ships was leaking badly which put everyone on this ship in grave danger. The men on board were in panic. Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus
14、 managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean. Finally on 12 October the crew spotted land in the distance. Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies.However, the shores they had reached
15、 were of the Caribbean, not the East Indies.13. insisted on searching for 坚持寻找14. continuous attempts 不断尝试15. The journey was full of challenges it took longer than expected, they faced a shortage of food, and one of the ships was leaking badly which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.旅程充满挑战，
16、花费的时间比预期 的要长，他们面临食物短缺，其中一艘船漏水严重，使这艘船上的每个人都处于严重危险之中。16. Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.尽管面临种种挑战，哥伦布都设法用他的知识和勇敢在大洋彼岸让每个人都远 离危险。Betweenl493 andl504 Columbus found more land over the course of his three su
17、bsequent voyages.The major contribution of this great explorer is that hediscoveredthe New World.His discovery inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover more vast areas of the world. His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many
18、 important geographical findings. This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.17. subsequent voyages 后续的航行18. His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings,他的航行开启了大航海时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。G
19、rammar UsageSima Qian one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.Influenced by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child. He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and at the age of 20, he b
20、egan travelling extensively across the country.He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information!，Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.19. He learnt Chinese classics from great literary masters, and at the age of 20, he began travel
21、ling extensively across the country .他向伟大的文学大师学习中国经典，20岁时，他开始在全国各地旅行。20. a wide range of information 广泛的信息His fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian which facil
22、itated his access to official books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.21. After his
23、 father died, Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian which facilitated his access to official books and files.司马迁父亲去世后，继承父亲为大史学家，方便他查阅官方书籍和档案。22. available resources 可用资源23. effectively and efficiently.有效和高效。As he carried on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put
24、 in prison,where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. However, he was not defeated. He never forgot about his fathers dream, in good times or bad times. After more than ten years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, was completed.24. physically and
25、 mentally 身心Extended Reading: Hell comes to Pearl HarborThe menIt was Sunday December 71941. As usual, the wake-up call came at 5:45 a.m.the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes. Seaman Russell Warriner was awakened by Quartermaster Louis Conter. Russell made his bed and helped clean
26、the huge, shared room. The men went to the washroom dressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast. It looked like it would be a normal day on board the ship.But nobody ate their breakfast: at that moment, there was a huge crashing sound from above.The ship shook violently and the men looked at
27、 each other in horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. The scream of their engines was deafening.As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.Russell felt his bloo
28、d freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck. Moments later, a bomb hit the USS Arizona and Russell was thrown more than 100 meters across the ship. He suffered serious burns on his hands, arms and legs, and watched many of his friends die.25. The men aboard the warship USS Ari
29、zona stretched and rubbed their eyes.亚利桑那号军舰上的士兵伸了 个懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。26. awakenarouse-waken27. a huge crashing sound 巨大的撞击声28. shook violently 剧烈摇晃29. in horror恐慌之中30. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles 在他们的头顶上，数百架日本飞机像老 鹰一样盘旋。31. deafening 震耳欲聋之loud32. clouds of black smoke
30、rose into the sky and hung over the sea 黑烟云升上天空，笼罩在海面上33. felt his blood freeze感觉自己的血液冻结了34. came to himself and rushed up to the deck,恢复意识，冲上甲板。Louis,meanwhile,also standing on the deck, was lucky not to be thrown into the sea.With only minor injuries, he was able to help others who were severely b
31、urnt and in terrible pain.After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat. In the chaos and confusion after the attack, the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack.Luckily he was able to get in touc
32、h with them before the message arrived.Despite his remarkable actions, Louis did not think that he was a hero.The heroes are the ones that gave their lives that day, he said.35. With only minor injuries 只有轻伤36. drag them into把他们拖进37. In the chaos and confusion 在混乱和困惑中Russell was saved from the water
33、, but he was badly burnt, bleeding heavily.Fortunately he was taken to hospital and survived. For many years, Russell refused to talk about what happened that morning, describing it simply as hell”. His wife Elsa said, “When he opened up later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.Louis and Russe
34、ll would never forget the terrible scene of the attack, but they were fortunate enough to be among the few survivors from the Arizona. Nobody had expected the bombing.Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on
35、 the United States. The attack destroyed nearly 20 American ships and over 180 airplanes.In total, more than 2,000 American people were killed and over 1,000 others were wounded that day. More than 1,000 people aboard the Arizona lost their lives.Out of 37 sets of brothers, Russell and his brother w
36、ere the only full pain to survive the attack.38. Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States.日本策划了对珍珠港发动突然袭击的阴谋，因此袭击是在没 有警告和没有向美国宣战的情况下开始的。The surprise attack came as a great shock to the whol
37、e nation. The next day President Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor Speech, in which he described December 7 as ua date which will live in infamy and asked that the US Congress declare war on Japan. In response to the attack and the presidents address, the United States joined the Second Wo
38、rld War.39. a date which will live in infamy 耻辱日40. In response to 应对，回应Today the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship*s sunken remains.Each year, more than two million people visit the
39、 memorial. They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, to learn about the attack, to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace. Although about eight decades has passed, the attack on Pearl Harbor one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never be forgotten.41. Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ships sunken remains它的 位置标有一座形状像桥梁的纪念碑，横跨船舶沉没的遗骸。42. the darkest episodes 最黑暗的时光