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1、必修3 Unit4Reading : Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel PrizeBy Dina Connerll December 2015Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
2、Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.1. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.得益于她发现青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大 大的提高。Born in 1930, i
3、n Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After graduation she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese
4、 medicine and Western medicine.2. acquire a broad knowledge 获得了 广泛的知识Tus education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical re
5、cipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesi
6、gned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. On 4 October 1971 after 190 failures she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.3. Be intended to 想要做4. ext ra ct * ext o rt * re m o ve5. redesign-leave-q
7、uitHowever, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers. They worked day and night and
8、their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up.Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed up the proc
9、ess and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.6. The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.由于没有足够安全的数据，对患者的实验可能会推迟。7. speed up 加速The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November
10、 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu-the most effective part of the qinghao extract.As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. More than 40 years after its discovery,Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Pr
11、ize for her work. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicine
12、s beneficial to global health care.8. through trial and error 反复实验Grammar UsageGreat discoveries can come from unlikely source Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries in history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in Sep
13、tember 1928.9. unlikely sources出人意料的来源Fleming, a scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indi
14、cated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for treating wounds.For more than 10 years.Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an effective medicine|. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other sci
15、entists who were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s penicillin has saved millions of lives.One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth. He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential, and his hard work
16、 and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, u Fortune favours the prepared mind.”10. effective medicine 有效的药物11. mass production 量产Extended Reading: The Value of ScienceWhen I was younger, I thought science would make good things for everybody. It was obviously
17、useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb.This result of science was obviously very serious-it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk. I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science?12. atomic bomb 原子弹13. destructionPut anothe
18、r way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to-the thing I had loved-when I saw what terrible things it could do? It was a question I had to answer.I thought long and hard about this question, and I will try to answer it in this talk.14. devoted myself to 我致力于15. Put another wa
19、y 换言之The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific
20、knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad-but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.16. Be familiar to 与相似17. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad-but i
21、t does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量一但是 该如何运用，它并未自带说明书。这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会被某人用 它所做的事否定。Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us with. When w
22、e look at any question deeply enough, we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new st
23、one to find imagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.Thanks to the scientific effort we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could.18. the intellectual enjoyment 智力享受19. Never concerned that the answer m
24、ay let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find imagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.从不担心答案会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们翻开每一块新的石头发现意想 不到的奇妙，它们指向更多精妙的问题与奥秘。I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of e
25、xperience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance.When a scientist doesnt know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant.When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be, he is
26、still in some doubt.20. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance.科学家经常会经历无知，怀疑和不确定，而这种经历 非常重要。Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was
27、 born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question- to doubt-to not be sure.It is our responsibility as scien
28、tists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.(Adapted from a public lecture by Richard Feynman
29、, an American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965)21. take it for granted 理所当然22. It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家我们深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果，我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值：我 们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨；我们更有责任强烈要求拥有这一自由， 这就是我们对后世的义务。