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1、Grammar：The Infinitive动词不定式动词不定式 第第1页页动词不定式是动词一个非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”组成,其否定形式是“not to do”,不定式能够带宾语或状语组成不定式短语,没有些人称和数改变,但有时态和语态改变。不定式能够作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。动词不定式动词不定式第第2页页一一.结构结构:to do (否定否定)not to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态普通式普通式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have
2、done to have been done to have been doing-第第3页页(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(普通式表示与谓语动作同时普通式表示与谓语动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)(进行式表示在谓语动词发生同时进行式表示在谓语动词发生同时,不定式动作也正在不定式动作也正在进行进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy
3、 to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式不定式动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)第第4页页1.作主语作主语2.作表语作表语4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语3.作宾语作宾语5.作定语作定语6.作状语作状语7.作插入语作插入语三、使用方法三、使用方法第第5页页To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well.1.主语主语单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数若不定式太长若不定式太长,往往用
4、往往用it it作形式主语作形式主语,不定式置后不定式置后.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis2.表语表语第第6页页Eg.I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.3 宾语宾语常见以不定式作宾语动词有afford，appear，agree，ask，believe，decide，demand，desire，fail，hope，intend，learn，mean，offer，promise，refuse，wish等(1)常接动词不定式
5、作宾语动词有：常接动词不定式作宾语动词有：want,agree,afford,attempt,choose,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,fail,expect,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish。第第7页页(2)在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面,句型为：主语+find,think,make,feel,believe,consider it+adj./n.+to do
6、 sthI found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.我发觉有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。She made it a rule to get up at five.她养成了五点起床习惯。第第8页页(3)动词不定式还可做介词宾语，但只限于but和except在以下短语后，but之后只能跟不带to 不定式。do nothing but 只能cannot but禁不住。do anything but决不cannot choose but只好。cannot help butThere is nothing to do b
7、ut+动词原形do nothing but 只能can but 只有做do anything but 决不Have no choice but to do只好cannot choose/help but 不得不第第9页页The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补动词：引导不定式作宾补动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等+sb to do sth4.宾补宾补第第10页页四看四看 watch see observe notice(1.)
8、使役动词：三让使役动词：三让 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感一感:feel(2.)感官动词感官动词第第11页页e.g.I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).注意注意(2.)help 后面后面“to”可省去可省去e.g.They often help the grandma(to)carry water.(1.)在在使役动词使役动词 let,make,have和和感官动词感官动词feel;hear,listen to;watch,see,notice,look at,observe
9、等等 后面后面,不定式作不定式作宾语补足语宾语补足语时要省时要省“to”（注（注:被动被动 语态不能省语态不能省to）第第12页页(3)不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,假如这些介词前有行为动词假如这些介词前有行为动词do任何一个形任何一个形式式,那么介词后不定式不带那么介词后不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.She could do nothing but cry.You have no choice but to go.What do you like to do besides sleep?第第13页页I have something to s
10、ay.He has a lot of homework to do.5.定语定语(假如不定式中动词是假如不定式中动词是不及物不及物动词动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)Please give me a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.第第14页页 He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.(1.)表示目表示目:to do in order to do so as to do6 作状语作状语He got
11、 up early to catch the train.I came here to see you.第第15页页(2.)表示原因表示原因:Be+adj.+to do sth,表示人喜怒哀乐，表示人喜怒哀乐，用在作表语形容词后作状语用在作表语形容词后作状语,表原因或表原因或方式方式惯用惯用adj 有，有，sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,right,wrong,rude,cruel,disappointed等。等。eg:Im glad to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.第第16页页so+ad
12、j./adv.+as to dosuch+adj.+n.+as to doadj./adv.+enough+to do He was so foolish as to believe it.=He was such a fool as to believe it.=He was foolish enough to believe it.(3.)结果状语结果状语:注意注意:不定式不定式往往表示往往表示与主观愿望相反与主观愿望相反结果。结果。He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.第第17页页7.插入语（独立结构）插入语（
13、独立结构）to be frank,to be honest,To begin with,Eg.To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.类似结构类似结构第第18页页疑问词疑问词 who,which,when,how,whatwho,which,when,how,what等等与不定式与不定式连用，连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.(宾语宾语)他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。How to solve the problem is very impor
14、tant.(主语主语)怎样处理这个问题很主要。怎样处理这个问题很主要。My question is when to start.(表语表语)我问题是什么时候开始。我问题是什么时候开始。四、四、疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式第第19页页注意：注意：(1).不定式中动词上文已出现过不定式中动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.A:Would you like to go with me?B:Id like to.(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.A:Would you like to be a teacher?B:Id like to be.第第20页页