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1、THE ENGLISH OF THE ENGLISH OF NEWS REPORTINGNEWS REPORTING第1页1.General features of Newspaper Reporting1.1.What is the aim of newspaper reporting?Newspaper reporting aims to a mass audience of different educational levels news item in the simple,easy to understand language.第2页1.2.What is the limitati
2、on of News ReportingThere are two major limitations:1.the limitation of the space2.pressure for time on the part of the reader第3页1.3.What is the General features of News Reporting?1.3.1.graphological design of headlines on the peculiar arrangement of events1.3.2.On the clarity,directness and vividne
3、ss of language第4页2.Stylistic Features of Newspaper Reporting2.1.Graphological FeaturesHeadlines always various in size and shape of body types,using as well as highlighting and pictures to attract our eyes.White space is also used in different places such as around the masthead,above headlines,betwe
4、en the lines of heads,between paragraphs or the photo and caption,etc.to catch the readers eye and rivet his/her attention on what is most important and yet most attractive and easy to read.第5页While some headlines are bold,for example:flush left-a head that all flush to the left margin without consi
5、dering the margin on the right:OPEC ministersAgree to dropPrice of oil第6页Drop form-a head occupying several lines with the 2nd and 3rd lines indented,each further inwards from left margin:Centennial industries Purchases 150 acres For Springdale plant第7页Inverted pyramid form,a head occupying several
6、lines in which the top line is the longest,and the other lines are shortened in proper order,so that it looks similar to an inverted pyramid:For Reagon Williamsburg wasa political smash but aneconomic fizzle第8页centered forma head occupying several lines that are placed in the middle of respective li
7、nes:Sisley-struckwith hisimpressions第9页overline/”kicker”,a usually small head above the larger main line:why things are Oh,dont be so pickySubhead,a usually smaller head under the main head:Campaign Overhaul Bill PassedSenate Sends Measure to Bush;Veto Is Seen as LikelyJump head,a head that is conti
8、nued on other pages:P1 Chinese firm to open in LA for investorsP2 New firm to foster trade ties.第10页2.2.Grammatical Features2.2.1.Alternating use of long and short statement type sentenceDue to the type of news and the kind of rhythmic effect,the news writer use different kinds of sentences to conve
9、y.Other types of sentences are possible.Occasional questions are used,especially in feature news items.Commands are few,but they do sometimes occur.第11页2.2.2.Frequent use of inverted sentence structure and expanded simple sentenceThe distinctive of this variety of English is the use of inverted sent
10、ence structure.For instance,The suspect was arrested on the scene,police said.The source of authority can even occur in PS order,as in The suspect was arrested on the scene,said the police.第12页2.2.3.Use of heavily modified nominal groupsHighly noteworthy is the presence of much complex pre-and post-
11、modification of the nominal group in this variety of English.For example,Thousands of National Guard troops and police deployed in riot gear to stop the spread of looting and destruction第13页2.2.4.Use of simple verbal groupsWe can draw two conclusion from the sample in our textbook.First,the use of t
12、he dominant simple past form and some present tense form.Second,a lot more active verbs than passive.第14页2.3.Lexical Features2.3.1.Preference for journalistic words and set expressionsWith long time of use,many short common words(midget words)have acquired a special flavor of journalistic writing,su
13、ch as aid(for help),back(for support),boost(for increase).The midget words are most frequently used in headlines,for example,aim can mean purpose，design,object,intention;deal can mean negotiation,offer,bargain,transaction;and so on.第15页There are also simple and direct set expressions at newspaper-wr
14、iters fingertips,the commonest is the phrase no common,for example,His reticence has become such a punch line that a front page headline in the recent April Fools issue of City Hall,a weekly political newspaper,blared:“Cuomo Convenes Conference Call to Say,No Comment.”From New York Times(April 12,)第
15、16页2.3.2.Wide use of neologismsThe most frequently used are the nonce-words,for example,His sit-down interviews are so rare that the 24-hour television news station NY1 displays a“Cuomo Clock,”which details the number of days that the attorney general has ignored invitations to appear for an on-came
16、ra interview(as of Monday,it was 1,195).From New York Times(April 12,)第17页But he cited no incidents beyond the now-famous campfire conversations that Osama bin Laden held in August with two Pakistanis who had deep ties to Pakistans nuclear weapons laboratories.From New York Times(April 12,)There are
17、 also words from extended meaning,such as Koreans Pentagon,Japanese Watergate;some coinages such as Reaganomics(Regans economic),moneywise(with regard to money);words borrowed extensively from sports,military,commerce,science and technology,gambling,such as sales trips,showdown,cast-iron.第18页2.3.3.E
18、xtensive use of abbreviationGovt(government),ad(advertisement),UN(United Nation),NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)2.3.4.Avoidance of superlatives and tarnished word ornamentsFor example,avoided use of“the most”;“seldom”rather than“never”.2.3.5.Avoidance of unobjective wordingThe writer dose n
19、ot use I,me,my,us,or ours in a news story excerpt when quoting someone第19页 2.4.Semantic Features2.4.1 discourse pattern2.4.1.1 persuasive style2.4.2 way of transition2.4.2.1 obvious relatedness2.4.2.2 common connectives2.4.3 headlining skill2.4.3.1 grammatical aspect2.4.3.2 rhetorical aspect第20页7 Ar
20、e Killed in a Clash of Afghan MilitiasKABUL,Afghanistan,Feb.8Four days of fighting between rival warlords competing to control their local cut of the narcotics trade in northeastern Afghanistan has left seven people dead and eight wounded,officials said Sunday.(opening sentence-lead)(story begins:5“
21、w”)Fighting flared between the militias of the district chief and the police chief of an area called Argo,near the town of Faizabad,in the province of Badaskshan,said agent.Muhummad Daoud,the top military commander in northeastern Afghanistan.The two men had been at loggerheads for three months,and
22、the clash was stopped only when a Defense Ministry delegation intervened,the general said.第21页The delegation,sent from the generals military headquarters in neighboring Kunduz,reported that seven people had died and eight had been wounded in the fighting,he said.The fighting was over and the two loc
23、al leaders would be taken to Kunduz for questioning,he said by satellite telephone.The deputy interior minister,Hilaluddin Hilal,said the argument was over who would control what is in effect a road tax imposed by local leaders on the illegal opium trade.(non-narrative para.adding facts or backgroun
24、d)Badakshan Province is one of the highest producing area of opium in Afghanistan,and it provides a major route for smuggling drugs into neighboring Tajikistan and then on to Russia and Europe.News of the clash came just as Afghanistan was preparing to hold a two-day international conference on comb
25、ating narcotics.The Afghan government has banned the cultivation of poppies and production ofnarcotics,but it has little power to enforce the ban.Afghanistan is the source of about 90 percent of the heroin on the streets of Europe.The New York Times,Feb.9,第22页newspapers address news in the form of a
26、 story to the persuasive end.News story is a powerful tool that can captivate readers-stirring imagination,eliciting empathy,and inviting opinions.Let me take the following example to analyze the persuasive nature in content and form.第23页This example reports fighting in Afghan which lies in a remote
27、 part of the world,far away from the United States.The journalist explains what has happened in a few hundred words.He presents a topic that readers are usually interested in a coherent model-story.That is to say,the content and the structure of this news item are persuasive.The content is persuadin
28、g readers to be against fighting and the structure is persuading readers to accept the information and the implied values more easily.Besides the journalist focuses on thespecific details about the impact of the fighting on the lives of Afghan people and peace-loving people:Four days of fighting has
29、 left seven people dead and eight wounded.In this way,the audience has a clear idea of the violence of the fighting.Through offering information,the journalist helps readers to see the harm-people paid price with their lives in fighting.In the same way,the journalist influences the forming of opinions of the readers:fighting is terrible and we should be against it.Providing information is a means by which news texts shape and control the flow of information to the audience.第24页