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1、UU第1页“U型三步法”在概要写作中尝试1概要写作评分标准解读2“U型三步法”设计思绪3“U型三步法”设计课例第2页本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。评分时，先依据所写概要内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次要去来衡量、确定或调整档次，最终给分。词数少于40和多于80，从总分中减去2分。评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性一个主要方面，评分时，应视其对交际影响程度给予考虑。如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。1概要写作评分标准解读概要写作评分标准解读第3页评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：1.对原文关键点了解和展现情况；2.应用语法结构和词汇准确性；3.
2、上下文连贯性；4.对各关键点表示独立性情况。解读之 篇第4页解读之 篇档次描述第五档(21-25)了解准确，涵盖全部关键点。能准确使用对应语法结构和词汇。有效地使用了语句间连接成份，使所完 成概要结构紧凑。完全使用自己语言。第5页整体阅读提炼归纳解读文本大大Passage了解准确，涵盖全部关键点。小小Passage能准确使用对应语法结构和词汇。有效地使用了语句间连接成份，使所完成概要结构紧凑。完全使用自己语言。解读之 篇第6页UUPW关键点守恒扩词成句压缩文本提炼关键词WS增色添彩连句成篇SP2“UU型三步法型三步法”设计思绪设计思绪了解准确，涵盖全部关键点。能准确使用对应语法结构和词汇。有效
3、地使用了语句间连接成份,使结构紧凑。完全使用自己语言。有效地使用了语句间连接成份,使结构紧凑。第7页“UU型三步法型三步法”之之 第一步第一步 P W整体阅读整体阅读怎么找？怎么找？怎么找？怎么找？直接提取法间接整正当直接间接混正当找什么？找什么？找什么？找什么？utransitionalwordslkeywords回视语篇回视语篇词拼图词拼图还原语篇主要脉络还原语篇主要脉络第8页 第一步第一步 P W 之之 直接提取法直接提取法例1（节选自北京卷阅读了解C篇）The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In
4、the 4th century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans,leading him to complain about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s a
5、nd 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.第9页第二步第二步 W S 之之 同义替换同义替换例1（节选自年北京卷阅读了解 C篇）The tracking problem faced by celebrities has a long history.People have been crazy about/obsessed with chasing celebrities for a long time.The craze for follow
6、ing celebrities started long ago.tracking celebrities for ages.In the 4th century B.C.,in the 19th century,the 1920s and 1930s 第10页 第一步第一步 P W 之之 间接整正当间接整正当例2（节选自年四川卷阅读了解E篇）Generally,people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a l
7、arge amount of it during positive social interactions such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.第11页 第二步第二步 W S 之之 同义替换同义替换例2（节选自年四川卷阅读了解 E篇）The hormone oxyto
8、cin is released in negative as well as positive social contacts.Generally,the hormone oxytocin let out positive But negative social interactions 第12页 第一步第一步 P W 之之 直接间接混正当直接间接混正当例3（节选自Module 6 Unit 2 Poems）There are various reasons why people write poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe somethin
9、g in a way that will give a strong impression.Others try to convey certain emotions.Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.第13页 例3（节选自Module 6 Unit 2 Poems）reasons write poetry.Some describe Others convey certain emotions.第二步第二步 W S 之之 同义替换同义替换People compose poems for differe
10、nt purposes,some descriptive while others emotional.Poems stem from peoples intentions of sharing stories or feelings.Poetry springs from peoples desires to depict things,or to portray emotions.第14页“UU型三步法型三步法”之之 第二步第二步 W Su句内连接（关键点内部）（1）词连接（2）句型连接（3）语法结构连接关键点守关键点守恒恒简单句：简单句：简单句：简单句：同义替换复合句：复合句：复合句：复
11、合句：词准确词准确 句达意句达意 同义替换第15页第二步第二步 W S 之之 句内连接（句内连接（关键点内部关键点内部）例4（节选自年北京卷阅读了解 C篇）Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,todays stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the worlds attention.Paparazzi camp outside their h
12、omes,cameras ready.Tabloids publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.According to psychologist Christina Villarreal，celebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about their public appearance.
13、Eventually，they start to lose track of who they really are，seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them，not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separated and alone.”第16页第二步第二步 W S 之之 句内连接句内连接:词连接词连接 the center of attention celebrities
14、worry public appearacne lose track Celebrities are the focus of much attention.They are very concerned about their public image and start to lose their own identity.Since celebrities are the focus of much attention and are overly concerned about their public image,they start to lose their own identi
15、ty.and thus;as a result/consequence;consequently.第17页第二步第二步 W S 之之 句内连接句内连接:句型句型连接连接 Celebrities are the focus of much attention.They are very concerned about their public image and start to lose their own identity.As the focus of much attention,not only are celebrities overly concerned about their
16、public image,but they also start to lose themselves.As the focus of much attention,celebrities are so concerned about their public image that they even start to lose themselves on the road to fame.第18页第二步第二步 W S 之之 句内连接句内连接:语法结构语法结构连接连接 Celebrities are the focus of much attention.They are very conce
17、rned about their public image and start to lose their own identity.Celebrities,the focus of much attention,are particularly attentive to their public image,some even losing their true selves.Chased around nearly all the time,celebrities,who strive to live up to the public expectations,even get lost
18、on the road to fame.第19页“UU型三步法型三步法”之之 第三步第三步 S Pu句与句连接（关键点与关键点之间）（1）增加连接词（2）采取连接句（3）应用篇章结构语篇同构语篇同构衔接自然衔接自然 行文流畅行文流畅第20页第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 增加连接词增加连接词逻逻辑辑关关系系连接词连接词表转折表转折yet;but;while;however;nevertheless;whereas;although;though;despite the fact that;in spite of;on the contrary;on the other hand;even
19、so;in contrast;instead;unlike;different from;unfortunately.表因果表因果therefore;so;as a result/consequence;consequently;hence;thus;accordingly;in this way;because of;due to;thanks to;owing to.表递进表递进whats more;whats worse;worse still;besides;in addition;moreover;also;furthermore;not only.but also;too.to表总
20、结表总结in short;in brief;briefly;to sum up;on the whole;in conclusion;in a word.其它副词hopefully;sadly;(un)fortunately;surprisingly.第21页例5（节选自年新课标I卷阅读了解 A篇）A typical lion tamer in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip and a chair.The whip get all of the attention,but its mostly for show.In reality
21、,its the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion
22、chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achiever(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you an
23、d never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the w
24、rong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 采取连接句采取连接句第22页In face of the four legs of a waving chair,a lion stays still,unable to decide which one to concentrate on,_.When confronted with numerous choices,people tend to shr
25、ink back,making no advances.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 采取连接句采取连接句 which is often the case with humans第23页例6（选自年广东卷阅读了解C篇）Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV,he says,for problems it doesnt r
26、eally cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a childs ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV,children do not merely absorb words and images.Instead,they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from
27、 what they see.Actually,children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore,as many teachers agree,children understand far more when parents watch TV with them,explaining new words and ideas.Yet,most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of
28、the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But according to Anderson,the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesnt take the place of reading for most children;it takes
29、the place of similar sorts of recreation,such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a childs reading.“A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.”Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it tha
30、t heavy television-watching lowers IQ scores and affects school performance.But here,too,Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact,research suggests that its the other way around.“If youre smart young,youll watch less TV when youre older,”Anderson says.Yet,people of lower IQ tend to be l
31、ifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However,by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed,Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influe
32、nces.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 采取篇章结构采取篇章结构One traditional belief.Another argument.Traditional wisdom also has.第24页 Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,contradicts some long-held views about the impact TVs have on kids,arguing that parents should be responsible instead._,if accompanied by parents,kids kno
33、w more while watching TV._,watching TV doesnt weaken childrens reading ability which indeed mirrors the reading habits of parents._,no proof shows watching TV reduces kids IQ.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 采取篇章结构采取篇章结构SecondFirstThird第25页3“U型三步法型三步法”设计课例设计课例例7（选自全国统一考试英语科考试说明P24）Getting rid of dirt,in the opinio
34、n of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular d
35、anger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a
36、nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to he
37、alth.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for d
38、irt,however,gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist（免疫学家）,encourages children to play in the d
39、irt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.第26页P-W 之之 transitional words Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin
40、was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus bega
41、n a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt wa
42、s long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science
43、 since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,
44、which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(免免疫疫学学家家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.第27页P-W 之之 key words Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of mo
45、st people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.第28页 In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular dan
46、ger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a no
47、bleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.P-W 之之 key words 第29页P-W 之之 key words Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speak
48、ing,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,
49、surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?第30页P-W 之之 key words Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an America
50、n immunologist(免免疫疫学学家家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.第31页W-S 之之 关键点关键点1 nothing fixed;attitudes to dirt lPeople hold different views towards dirt on our skin.lPeople have mixed opinions towards dirt on our