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1、Unit1ChineseHumanism新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材（修订版）高级英语1 1电子教案电子教案第1页3DetailedReadingContents24516WarmUpGlobalReadingConsolidationActivitiesTextAppreciationFurtherEnhancement第2页1.Humanismistheassertionofthegreatnessofman.T/F?2.TheearliesthumanistsduringtheperiodofWesternRenaissanc
2、ehadinterestonlyinclassicliterature.T/F?3.Humanistsdeclarethateveryonebebornequal.T/F?4.Religioushumanismcentersonhumanneeds,interests,andabilities.T/F?5.InChina,Confuciusisregardedasthehumanisticprimogenitor.T/F?Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationTFFTFTakethequizbelowtoseehowwellyouknowabou
3、thumanism.第3页6.InclassicChinesehumanism,ethicalphilosophyisbasedonhumanvaluesratherthanthesupernatural.T/F?7.ThescientificinquirythatfollowedtheRenaissanceadoptedempiricalobservationsandexperimentationofthephysicaluniverse.T/F?8.ThemaintypesofhumanismintheworldareRenaissancehumanism,Religioushumanis
4、m,andInclusivehumanism.T/F?9.Humanistsareneverconcernedaboutthemeaningoflife.T/F?Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationTTTF第4页10.Themodernworld,withitsover-developmentofmachinery,hastakentimetoensurethatmanenjoyswhathemakes.T/F?Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformationF第5页Section1:WarmUpDiscu
5、ssthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner.1.Whatcomestoyourmindwhenyoucomeacrosstheterm“humanism”?2.Haveyoueverreadanyworksabouthumanism?3.Doeshumanismvaryfromcountrytocountry?Ifitdoes,arethereanyelementsintheconceptthatareuniversallyshared?Lead-inBackgroundInformation第6页Section1:WarmUpAbouttheAuthorLi
6、n Yutang:a Chinese writer,translator,and editor,born inLongxi(nowZhangzhou),FujianProvince,educatedinChinaandat Harvard,with Ph.D.fromUniversityofLeipzigin1923.LinspentmostofhislifeintheUnitedStates and wrote most of hisworksinEnglish.(1895-1976)BackgroundInformationLead-in第7页Section1:WarmUp Hisnon-
7、fictionalbooksincludeMy Country and My People(吾吾国国吾吾民民，1935),A Leaf in the Storm(风风声声鹤鹤唳唳，1941),The Importance of Living(生生活活艺艺术术，1937)，Between Tears and Laughter(啼啼笑笑皆皆非非，1943),andThe Pleasures of a Nonconformist(不不羁羁，1962).AmonghisnovelsareMoment in Peking(京京华华烟烟云云，1939),Chinatown Family(唐唐人人街街，19
8、48)andThe Flight of the Innocents(逃逃往往自自 由由 城城 ，1965).He translated and edited The Chinese Theory of Art(中国画论中国画论，1968).BackgroundInformationLead-in第8页The text“Chinese Humanism”is taken from My Country and My People underChapterFourIdealsofLife which include,following Chinese Humanism,Religion,The D
9、octrine of the Golden Mean,Taoism,andBuddhism.Section1:WarmUpLead-inBackgroundInformation第9页Section2:GlobalReadingDecidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthorspurpose.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaA.TomakeadistinctionbetweenChinesehumanismandWesternhumanism.B.To illustrate the development of humanism in
10、China.C.Toexplorethemeaningoflife.D.ToexplainthegoalandphilosophyoflifeoftheChinesepeople.第10页Section2:GlobalReadingPlease divide the text into 3 parts and summarize themainideaofeachpart.StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartI(Paragraph1)Introduction Paragraph 1 serves as a very brief and efficientbeginnin
11、g,whichmakescleartheapproachaswellasthepurposeofthearticle.第11页StructuralAnalysisMainIdeaPartIII(Paragraphs4-6)Answeringthequestion“WhatisChineseidealofthemeaningoflife?”In the last part of the thesis the author thoroughlycompares the two cultures that have led to the differentunderstanding of the m
12、eaning of lifein an objectiveandunbiasedmanner.PartII(Paragraphs2-3)ComparisonbetweenWesternandChineseidealofthemeaningoflife Beginning with the exposure of the limitation of theWestern mentality about the true meaning of life,theauthorclaimsthat,perhaps,muchtothereaderssurprise,theanswerisanextreme
13、lysimpleone:theChinesepeoplebelievethatthemeaningoflifeliesintheenjoymentofit.Section2:GlobalReading第12页Section3:DetailedReading1TounderstandtheChineseidealoflifeonemusttrytounderstand Chinese humanism.The term“humanism”isambiguous.Chinese humanism,however,has a verydefinitemeaning.Itimplies,firstaj
14、ustconceptionoftheendsofhumanlife;secondly,acompletedevotiontotheseends;andthirdly,theattainmentoftheseendsbythespiritof human reasonableness or the Doctrine of the GoldenMean,whichmayalsobecalledtheReligionofCommonSense.ChineseHumanismQUESTION第13页Section3:DetailedReading21 The question of the meani
15、ng of life has perplexedWestern philosophers,and it has never been solvednaturally,whenonestartsoutfromtheteleologicalpointofview,accordingtowhichallthings,includingmosquitoesand typhoid germs,are created for the good of thiscocksurehumanity.Asthereisusuallytoomuchpainandmiseryinthislifetoallowaperf
16、ectanswertosatisfymanspride,teleologyisthereforecarriedovertothenextlife,andthisearthlylifeisthenlookeduponasapreparationQUESTION第14页Section3:DetailedReadingfor the life hereafter,in conformity with the logic ofSocrates,whichlookeduponaferociouswifeasanaturalprovisionforthetrainingofthehusbandschara
17、cter.Thiswayofdodgingthehornsofthedilemmasometimesgivespeaceofmindforamoment,butthentheeternalquestion,“Whatisthemeaningoflife?”comesback.2Others,likeNietzsche,takethebullbythehorns,andrefusetoassumethatlifemusthaveameaningandbelievethatprogressisinacircle,andhumanachievementsareasavagedance,第15页Sec
18、tion3:DetailedReadinginsteadofatriptothemarket,butstillthequestioncomesbacketernally,liketheseawaveslappingupontheshore:“Whatisthemeaningoflife?”3TheChinesehumanistsbelievetheyhavefoundthetrueendoflifeandareconsciousofit.FortheChinesetheendoflifeliesnotinlifeafterdeath,fortheideathatweliveinordertod
19、ie,astaughtbyChristianity,isincomprehensible;nor in Nirvana,for that is too metaphysical;nor in thesatisfactionofaccomplishment,forthatistoovainglorious;yetinprogressforprogresssake,forthatismeaningless.第16页Section3:DetailedReadingThetrueend,theChinesehavedecidedinasingularlyclearmanner,liesintheenj
20、oymentofasimplelife,especiallythefamilylife,andinharmonioussocialrelationships.Thefirstpoemthatachildlearnsinschoolruns:While soft clouds by warm breezes are wafted in the morn,Lured by flowers,past the river I roam on and on.Theyll say,“Look at that old man on a spree!”And know not that my spirits
21、on happiness borne.QUESTION第17页Section3:DetailedReading4ThatrepresentstotheChinese,notjustapleasantpoeticmoodbutthesummum bonum oflife.4TheChineseidealoflifeisdrunkthroughwiththissentiment.Itisanidealoflifethatisneitherparticularlyambitiousnormetaphysical,but nevertheless immensely real.It is,I must
22、 say,abrilliantlysimpleideal,sobrilliantlysimplethatonlythematter-of-factChinesemindcouldhaveconceivedit,andyetoneoftenwondershowtheWestcouldhavefailedtoseethat the meaning of life lies in the sane and healthyenjoymentofit.ThedifferencebetweenChinaandtheWest第18页Section3:DetailedReadingseemstobethatt
23、heWesternershaveagreatercapacityforgettingandmakingmorethingsandalesserabilitytoenjoythem,whiletheChinesehaveagreaterdeterminationandcapacitytoenjoythefewthingstheyhave.Thistrait,ourconcentrationonearthlyhappiness,isasmucharesultasacauseoftheabsenceofreligion.Forifonecannotbelieveinthelifehereaftera
24、stheconsummationofthepresentlife,oneisforcedtomakethemostofthislifebeforethefarceisover.The absence of religion makes this concentrationpossible.第19页Section3:DetailedReading5 From this a humanism has developed which franklyproclaimsaman-centereduniverse,andlaysdowntherulethattheendofallknowledgeisto
25、servehumanhappiness.Thehumanizingofknowledgeisnotaneasything,forthemomentmanswerves,heiscarriedawaybyhislogicandbecomesatoolofhisownknowledge.Onlybyasharpandsteadfastholdingtothetrueendofhumanlifeasoneseesitcan humanism maintain itself.Humanism occupies,forinstance,ameanpositionbetweentheother-world
26、linessofreligionandthematerialismofthemodernworld.QUESTION第20页Section3:DetailedReading5BuddhismmayhavecapturedpopularfancyinChina,butagainstitsinfluencethetrueConfucianistwasalwaysinwardly resentful,for it was,in the eyes of humanism,onlyanescapefromlife,oranegationofthetrulyhumanlife.6 On the other
27、 hand,the modern world,with its over-development of machinery,has not taken time to ensurethatmanenjoyswhathemakes.TheglorificationoftheplumberinAmericahasmademanforgetthatonecanliveaveryhappylifewithouthotandcoldrunningwater,and第21页Section3:DetailedReadingthat in France and Germany many men have li
28、ved tocomfortableoldageandmadeimportantscientificdiscoveriesand written masterpieces with their water jug and old-fashioned basin.There needs to be a religion which willtranscribe Jesus famous dictum about the Sabbath andconstantlypreachthatthemachineismadeformanandnotmanmadeformachine.6Forafterall,
29、thesumofallhumanwisdomandtheproblemofallhumanknowledgeishowmanshallremainamanandhowheshallbestenjoyhislife.ACTIVITYQUESTION第22页Section3:DetailedReadingHow does the author define Chinese humanism?(Paragraph1)The authors definition of Chinese humanism isthreefold:first,itmeanstheendsoflife;second,itim
30、pliesadevotiontotheends;third,itpresupposesthe attainment of the ends by means of a Chinesespiritorphilosophyofhumanreasonableness.第23页Section3:DetailedReadingWhy,according to the author,have Western philosophersfailedtomakeclearthemeaningoflife?(Paragraph2)Western philosophers,from Socrates in anci
31、entGreecetoNietzscheinmoderndays,havefailedtoprovide an answer to the question“What is themeaningoflife?”Theircommonproblemisthattheyhaveplacedtoomuchemphasison“thenextlife”andundulyneglectedsatisfactionin“thislife”.第24页Section3:DetailedReadingWhatdoesthepoemthattheauthorquotesmean?Howdoesitillustra
32、tetheChineseidealoflife?(Paragraphs3and4)Thepoemoffers,accordingtotheauthor,notjustapleasantpoeticmoodbutthesummum bonum(至至善善)oflife.Itdepictsascenarioofpeacefulandleisurelylife characterized by a spree and happiness.Thatrepresents the Chinese ideal of life:simple buthealthilyenjoyable.第25页Section3:
33、DetailedReadingHow well does Chinese humanism help the Chinese peopleenjoytheirlife?(Paragraph5)Chinesehumanismproclaimsaman-centereduniverse and lays down the rule that the end ofknowledge is to serve human happiness.It,inparticular,takes a central position between twoextremesthatmayimpedetheenjoym
34、entoflife:theother-worldlinessofreligionandthematerialismofthemodernworld.第26页Section3:DetailedReadingHowdoWesternreligionsandthemodernworldfailtheidealsoflife?(Paragraphs5and6)Religions,including Buddhism,offer only escapefromlifeorevennegatelifebyappealingtolifeafterdeathintheotherworld,whereasthe
35、modernworldispreoccupiedwithmaterialdevelopmentbuthasnotgotroundtolearninghowthehappinessthatmaterialprogresshasbroughtcouldbeenjoyed.第27页Section3:DetailedReadingClassDiscussions1)Describethenatureofhumanisminyourownwords.2)Isthewritersdefinitionofhumanismthesamewithyours?Ifnot,whatisthedifference?3
36、)Discusswithyourclassmatestheculturalandnationaldifferencesinthedefinitionofhumanism.第28页Section3:DetailedReadinghumanism:n.abeliefsystembasedontheprinciplethatpeoples spiritual and emotional needs can be fulfilledwithoutfollowingagodorreligionPractice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Her bo
37、ok captures the quintessence of Renaissancehumanism.（=她她书书抓住了文抓住了文艺艺复复兴时兴时期人文主期人文主义义精精华华。）。）第29页Section3:DetailedReadingambiguous:a.havingorexpressingmorethanonepossiblemeaning,sometimesintentionallye.g.Hisreplytomyquestionwassomewhatambiguous.Thewordingoftheagreementisambiguous.Thegovernmenthasbeen
38、ambiguousonthisissue.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Hehasgivenusanambiguousanswer.（=他他给给了我了我们们一个模棱两可回复。）一个模棱两可回复。）Transformation:ambiguouslyad.ambiguityn.第30页Section3:DetailedReadingend:n.thereasonforaparticularactionortheresultyouwanttoachievee.g.Hecouldhaveachievedhisendsbypeace
39、fulmeans.Collocation:forpolitical/commercialendse.g.foronesendse.g.The government manipulates economic data forpoliticalends.Sheusedpeopleforherownends.第31页Section3:DetailedReadingthe Doctrine of the Golden Mean:The Doctrine of the Golden Mean(中中庸庸)isoneoftheFour Books(四四书书),part of the Confucian ca
40、nonical scriptures.Thephilosophybythisname,literallymeaningthe“felicitousmiddlebetweentwoextremes,oneofexcessandtheotherof deficiency,”emphasizes equilibrium and harmony,orrationalityasameanstoperfectioninvirtue.第32页Section3:DetailedReading第33页Section3:DetailedReadingperplex:v.puzzle,bewildere.g.Suc
41、haquestionwouldperplexeventhemostknowledgeableman,andtoyoungArthur,itseemedanimpossiblequery.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Thequestionperplexedme.（=那那问题问题把我把我难难住了。）住了。）2)Facedwiththatdilemma,hewasperplexed.（=他面他面对进对进退两退两难难局面，不知怎局面，不知怎样样是好。）是好。）3)Wewereperplexedbyhisfailuretoan
42、swertheletter.（=他何以不回信，我他何以不回信，我们们大惑不解。）大惑不解。）第34页Section3:DetailedReadingSynonym:confuse,complicate,puzzle第35页Section3:DetailedReadingteleological:a.(in philosophy)believing that everythinghasaspecialpurposeoruseTransformation:teleologyn.第36页Section3:DetailedReadingtyphoid:n.aseriousinfectiousdisea
43、sethatcausesfever,redspotsonthechestandseverepaininthebowels,andsometimescausesdeath伤寒伤寒Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Typhoidisanexampleofanotifiabledisease.（=伤伤寒是必寒是必须汇报卫须汇报卫生局病例。）生局病例。）2)Itisoneoftheirproudestboaststhattheyhavehalvedthedeathratefromtyphoid.（）=他他们们使使伤伤寒病人死亡率降
44、低了二分之一，寒病人死亡率降低了二分之一，这这是他是他们们最感最感骄骄傲事之一。傲事之一。第37页Section3:DetailedReadingcocksure:a.too confident,in a way that is slightlyunpleasantorrudee.g.acocksureyoungmanPractice:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Heistoobloodycocksureabouteverything.（=他他对对于每一件事都于每一件事都过过于自信。）于自信。）2)Dontbesococksureth
45、athewillsucceed.（=不要那么确信他会成功。）不要那么确信他会成功。）第38页Section3:DetailedReadingconformity:n.If something happensin conformity withsomethingsuchasalaworsomeoneswishes,ithappensasthelawsaysitshould,orasthepersonwantsitto.e.g.Theprimeministeris,inconformitywiththeconstitution,chosenbythepresident.Practice:Trans
46、latethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Iwenttotheplaceinconformitywithyourinstructions.（=依照你指示我去了那个地方。）依照你指示我去了那个地方。）第39页Section3:DetailedReadingTransformation:conform:v.tobehaveaccordingtotheusualstandardsofbehaviourwhichareexpectedbyagrouporsocietye.g.Atourschool,youwererequiredtoconform,andtherewasn
47、oplacefororiginality.第40页Section3:DetailedReadingSocrates:the ancient Greekthinker who laid the earlyfoundationsforWesternphilosophical thought.His“Socratic Method”involvedaskingprobingquestionsinagive-and-take which wouldeventuallyleadtothetruth.第41页Section3:DetailedReadingferocious:a.fierceandviol
48、ente.g.aferociousdogaferociousbattleShesgotaferocious=verybadtemper.Thepresidentcameinforsomeferociouscriticism.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Theferociouswindsseemedabouttoteartheshiptopieces.（=猛烈狂猛烈狂风风好像要把船撕成碎片似。）好像要把船撕成碎片似。）2)Aferociousgrinlithisface.（=他他脸脸上流露出一上流露出一丝狞丝狞笑。笑。
49、）第42页Section3:DetailedReadingTransformation:ferociouslyad.ferocityn.Synonym:bloodthirsty,brutal,cruel,fierce,ruthless,savage,vicious,wild第43页Section3:DetailedReadingdodge:v.toavoidbeinghitbysomethingbymovingquicklytooneside;toavoidsomethingunpleasante.g.Hedodgedtoavoidthehurtlingbicycle.Theministerd
50、odgedquestionsabouthisrelationshipwiththeactress.Practice:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1)Shewassharp-wittedenoughtododgeherattacker.（=她才思灵敏，足以避开他人攻她才思灵敏，足以避开他人攻击击。）。）2)Hedodgedpastme.（=他他躲躲闪闪躲躲闪闪地从我旁地从我旁边边走走过过。）。）3)Hedodgedthefallingrockandescapedunhurt.（=他他闪闪身身躲过躲过了了滚滚落岩石，安然脱落岩石，安然脱险险了