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1、Australia History姜婉莹 尹梦瑶 刘欣第1页Human habitation in Australia began more 47,000 years ago.Where were original inhabitant ancestors from?Prehistoric Times(史前时期）The first discovery of Australia by European explorers was in 1606,which may be taken as the starting point for written history of Australia.第2
2、页The early pre-colonial periodThe colonial periodFederation periodModern times01020304ContentsContents早期殖民前期殖民时期联邦时期当代时期第3页The early pre-colonial periodThe early pre-colonial period01 Europeans Exploration in Australia第4页Willem Jansz&Dick HartogJames Cook真正发真正发觉澳大利亚人（澳大利亚人（17701770）植物湾（植物湾（Botany Ba
3、y)Botany Bay)Europeans Exploration in AustraliaTorres靠近澳洲东部新靠近澳洲东部新赫布里底群岛证赫布里底群岛证实：新几内亚与实：新几内亚与“未知南方大陆未知南方大陆”之间是由一道之间是由一道海峡分隔开而非海峡分隔开而非连接在一起连接在一起（16061606）有记载第一个有记载第一个踏上澳大利亚踏上澳大利亚欧洲人（欧洲人（16061606）&澳大利亚西海澳大利亚西海岸首位发岸首位发觉者者（16161616）第5页The colonial period02 1 The foundation of colony 2 The golden rush第
4、6页01英国流放犯建立殖民地英国流放犯建立殖民地Reason:The primary reason was the The primary reason was the establishment of a penal colony establishment of a penal colony to to to to reduce the prison population and the reduce the prison population and the crime rate in crime rate in Britian.Britian.The British settlemen
5、t The British settlement in in Australia Australia began in the late 18th centurybegan in the late 18th century.02The foundation of colony第7页1787.5.131787.5.131788.1.261788.1.2626,January 26,January 11 boats carried 11 boats carried 575 prisoners and 575 prisoners and 212 soldiers leaving 212 soldie
6、rs leaving for Australia,they for Australia,they are called“the first are called“the first fleet(fleet(第一舰队第一舰队）”They reached They reached Sydney Harbour Sydney Harbour and settled and settled down here.down here.Australias National DayAustralias National Day(澳大利亚国庆日澳大利亚国庆日）The foundation The founda
7、tion of colonyof colony第8页Marked a turning Marked a turning point in point in Australias Australias colonial historycolonial historyLead an increased Lead an increased political independence political independence from Britian and a from Britian and a great debate about great debate about federation
8、.federation.Population of Population of Australia increased Australia increased and brought and brought immediate and immediate and long-term changes long-term changes to the economyto the economyBegan in the early 1850s1InfluenceInfluenceon on economyeconomy23Influence Influence on on politicpoliti
9、cThe Golden RushThe Golden Rush第9页03Federation periodFederation period第10页QueenslandQueenslandSouth AustraliaSouth AustraliaVictoria&TasmaniaVictoria&Tasmania N New South ew South WWalesalesWestern AustraliaWestern AustraliaSix Six SeparateSeparateC Coloniesoloniesthe Commonwealth of Australiathe Co
10、mmonwealth of AustraliaOn 1 On 1 January,1901,the January,1901,the Proclamation of the Proclamation of the Commonwealth of Commonwealth of Australia was held in Australia was held in Sydney.Sydney.The Commonwealth The Commonwealth of Australia of Australia Constitution Act Constitution Act divided t
11、he powers divided the powers of government of government between the state between the state and the federal and the federal level.level.第11页The federal government had control of defence,The federal government had control of defence,communication between the states,the postal communication between t
12、he states,the postal system,customs,immigration,foreign affairs,system,customs,immigration,foreign affairs,welfare,and industrial matters that affected welfare,and industrial matters that affected more than one state.more than one state.Each Each state state kept kept its its own own parliament,parl
13、iament,and and had had power power over over such such matters matters within within its its own own borders as education and police.borders as education and police.The The Commonwealth Commonwealth of of Australia Australia maintained maintained strong bonds with Britain.strong bonds with Britain.1
14、 122 23 3Constitution ActThe Commonwealth of Australia 第12页timetimereasonreasonresultresultBegan on 4 August,1914,When Britain declared war on Germany,Australia immediately followed Britains lead.Strong cultural,defence,trade and economic ties that had developed between the two countries.The familia
15、rity and intimacy encouraged many Australians to call Britain“home”.Australia was not attacked during the First World War,but there were severe disruptions to daily life.The First World War第13页“If the old country is at war,so are we”.Australia would stand beside Great Britain to help and defend her
16、to“our last man and our last shilling”.第14页australiaNot only because Not only because of relationship of relationship with Britain,but with Britain,but also for the world also for the world peace and safety peace and safety of itself.of itself.Semptember Semptember 3,1939,After 3,1939,After Britain
17、Britain declared war declared war on Germany on Germany two days two days later.later.The Australian and The Australian and Amercian forces Amercian forces fought the fought the Japanese in many Japanese in many areas of the Pacific areas of the Pacific and South Esia.and South Esia.The World War Tw
18、o第15页1234The development of Australia after the Second World WarThe development of Australia after the Second World WarThe wave of immigrantsThe Vietnam War and Whitlams governmentThe Vietnam War and Whitlams governmentThe New RightThe 1999 referendum第16页Insurance labor-capital relationshipHygiene EducationImmigrationDiplomacyAfter World War 2,Australia launched a massive immigration program in 1964.In 1972,Gough Whitlam became the first Prime Minister of the Labor Party in 23 years.第17页T Th ha an nk k y yo ou u f fo or r l li is st te en ni in ng g第18页