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1、Circular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics TreatyI N S I G H T R E P O R TM A Y 2 0 2 4In collaboration with KPMGImages:Getty Images and UnsplashThe KPMG name and logo are trademarks used under license by the independent member firms of the KPMG global organization.KPMG refers to the global o
2、rganization or to one or more of the member firms of KPMG International Limited(“KPMG International”),each of which is a separate legal entity.KPMG International Limited is a private English company limited by guarantee and does not provide services to clients.For more detail about our structure ple
3、ase visit This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do
4、not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum,nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders.2024 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,o
5、r by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForeword 3Introduction 4Key insights 5Case studies across the plastics value chain 15Contributors 32References 33Circular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics Treaty2ForewordGim Huay Neo,Managing Director,World Economic Forum John McCalla
6、-Leacy,Head,Global ESG,KPMG InternationalCircular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics TreatyMay 2024The significant increase in plastic pollution is an environmental crisis of our time.The generation of plastic waste globally has more than doubled from 156 million tonnes per annum in 2000 to 35
7、3 million tonnes per annum in 2019,underscoring the need for urgent,collective action.In March 2022,175 countries adopted a historic resolution at the fifth session of the United Nations Environment Assembly(UNEA-5.2),to develop an international,legally binding instrument to end plastic pollution,in
8、cluding in the marine environment.Member states are now preparing for the fifth,and hopefully final,session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee(INC-5),in November 2024,after which a final instrument will hopefully be adopted by all UN member states.The instrument is an important lever to
9、help move towards a circular plastics economy.Its success will depend on collective action from public and private sectors,as well as civil society.With this ambition,it is crucial to advance the agenda with open,multistakeholder dialogue.Plastic pollution has to be addressed through a systemic appr
10、oach and collective action,across the full value chain,from sustainable design and production through to end-consumer behaviours and beyond.It is encouraging to see that many innovative solutions exist that can contribute towards mitigating this crisis.However,these solutions will not be able to add
11、ress the plastic waste crisis without enabling policy and regulatory frameworks and multilateral global cooperation.The proposed international,legally binding instrument on plastic pollution thus provides an opportunity to drive systemic change and to address the plastic pollution crisis holisticall
12、y.The World Economic Forum and KPMG have collaborated to delve into already existing circular industry solutions across plastics value chains and geographies,which have been developed by organizations of various sizes,and positions within such value chains.Understanding how industry players have bui
13、lt these solutions,which enabling policy tools better support implementation,and what helps innovators and innovations scale,will hopefully be valuable to negotiating member states in their journey towards an impactful global agreement.By identifying and spotlighting the best-in-class practices,we h
14、ope to inspire an international,legally binding instrument on plastic pollution that can be the cornerstone in building a more circular,more resilient and more sustainable economy.We would like to express our gratitude to all organizations across the world who have contributed to the report.Circular
15、 Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics Treaty3IntroductionTo ensure an effective and impactful global plastics treaty,it is key to understand the industry solutions already out there.4Circular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics TreatyGlobal plastic waste generation more than doubled from 15
16、6 million tonnes in 2000 to 353 million tonnes in 2019.Nearly two-thirds of plastic waste comes from plastics with useful life of under five years,with 40%coming from packaging,12%from consumer goods and 11%from clothing and textiles.1 The scale of the issue underscores the need for urgent action.Th
17、is transformation is not just an environmental necessity;it is an economic opportunity.Transitioning to a carbon-neutral,circular economy could potentially create 100 million jobs by 2030.2In March 2022,member countries adopted a historic resolution at the fifth session of the United Nations Environ
18、ment Assembly(UNEA-5.2),to develop an international,legally binding agreement on plastic pollution,including in the marine environment.3As member states are negotiating the ins and outs of the forthcoming instrument,key industry players across the plastics value chain are,to varying degrees,preparin
19、g themselves for its implications.This report shares key insights and learnings from industry players across the plastics value chain,who have started to develop and implement solutions.It gathers case studies from across the globe,highlighting the key lessons learned by industry players while imple
20、menting solutions that address plastic pollution.It seeks to explore questions such as:What factors contributed towards a successful launch of the solution?What were some of the barriers that industry actors faced in implementing the solutions,and how did they overcome them?What is needed to further
21、 scale and replicate these innovative solutions to mainstream them?How can a global plastics treaty support this?From 59 case study submissions,24 case studies are featured in this report.This selection aims to represent a well-balanced set of solutions across the plastics value chain,across geograp
22、hies,and across various sizes of organizations.However,all case study submissions,whether featured in the report or not,have been carefully analysed and have made critical contributions to the analysis and key findings presented in this report.By analysing existing solutions,this report aims to prov
23、ide both confidence and relevant insights in the journey towards creating and adopting an effective and impactful global plastics treaty.Key insights1A broad range of successful solutions are available,but mainstreaming them is a challenge.Circular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics Treaty5Ado
24、ptionTimeMaturityFormativeTake-offCircular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics Treaty6The authors of this report collected 59 case studies through two surveys and conducted 35 interviews.The survey called for submissions on“Circular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics Treaty”.Roughly 65%of
25、 the submitted case studies have a for-profit business model and roughly half of these solutions are currently profitable.As can be derived from the statistics in the case studies,even though some of the solutions originate inside multinational companies,only 25%of the solutions are considered“grown
26、-up”,roughly 20%are in the start-up phase and over 55%are in the scale-up phase.Almost all solution providers emphasize that the aim is to further scale the solution in the existing market and/or replicate it in other markets.In almost all interviews,respondents addressed the challenges in reaching
27、scale.Looking at the typical S-curve for innovation,this may not be surprising,as a solution reaches maturity after an acceleration in take-off,but this is preceded by a relatively long formative phase.This formative phase can be very challenging for solutions to pass through as costs can be high be
28、fore widespread adoption.S-curve for innovationFIGURE 1.This report focuses on what elements in a global plastics treaty can bring forward the take-off so that solutions gain large-scale adoption in a shorter time frame.The interviewees for this report emphasized two areas in which the treaty could
29、speed up the scaling of solutions:Informing policies:Interviewees ask for bold and consistent policies that help scale demand and adoption of their solutions.Mobilizing financing mechanisms:Interviewees ask for regulations and mechanisms such as extended producer responsibility(EPR)that can help unl
30、ock investment in their solutions.In addition,the interviewees also referred to other aspects that could shorten the time of the S-curve:Enhancing multistakeholder collaboration.Building trust with customers.Increasing awareness.Policy:The most important factor to scale and replicateInterviewees men
31、tioned policy twice as often as any other key enabler to scale their solutions.Generally speaking,most of the solution providers are able to scale their solutions up to a certain level but see new policies as pivotal to making these solutions mainstream.A circular plastics economy needs a viable mar
32、ket for circular solutions,and policy interventions can serve as a direct stimulus.The interviewees asked for bold and consistent policies to create the necessary conditions to move from pilot to scale.Policy that is only implemented once scale has been reached would neither be sufficient nor effect
33、ive to de-risk the necessary investments.Interviewees said sufficient resources for consistent implementation and enforcement are crucial for the policy interventions to achieve the anticipated effect.Circular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics Treaty7The interviewees mentioned a broad range o
34、f relevant policies that they believe could provide an enabling environment to accelerate the adoption of solutions.Tackling plastic pollution requires not one single solution but a combination of many,and each of these solutions can be driven forward by specific policy interventions.As there is no
35、single solution,the policies required for accelerating innovation are not straightforward.Of the policy interventions that the interviewees mentioned,some relate to establishing global rules,while others require local rules to flexibly accommodate local circumstances.Based on the interview insights,
36、the following matrix has been drawn.The further on the x-axis,the more the interviewees expressed a need for global harmonization of the intervention rather than local contextualization and therefore high relevance for the uptake of global measures.The higher on the y-axis,the greater the interviewe
37、es rated the relevance of an intervention for quick and meaningful impact.Overview of policy interventionsFIGURE 2.The following section provides a deep dive into the policy interventions mentioned in Figure 2.DefinitionsThe interviewees emphasized the need for clear and consistent definitions when
38、developing policies.As can be seen from Figure 2,interviewees rated definitions and standards as requiring the highest need for global harmonization.The global plastics treaty can be key in harmonizing definitions on a global level.In particular,the interviewees highlighted some key concepts that ne
39、ed definition,such as“plastics”,“alternative plastics”and“substitutes of plastics”.The revised draft,published after the third session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee(INC-3)that lays the foundation for the forthcoming global plastics treaty,4 proposes a provision on“alternative plasti
40、cs and plastic products”.The provision includes the terms“biobased”,“biodegradable”and“compostable”as well as“plastics from non-fossil feedstock”.In addition,there is a possible provision on“non-plastic substitutes”.From among the case study sample,some solutions could either be categorized as“alter
41、native plastic”or“non-plastic substitutes”.During the interviews,it became apparent that a key challenge is defining“plastics”in the first place,and with that,the difference between“alternative plastics”versus“non-plastic substitutes”.Stephen Taylor,Product Circularity Engineer at NFW,described it a
42、s follows:“Sometimes,a plastic is referred to as something that is mouldable under heating pressure,whereas in other cases it is referred to as fossil-feedstock derived polymers.If we take both definitions,is a non-fossil feedstock derived polymer an alternative plastic or a non-plastic substitute?”
43、NFW and Notpla are solution providers that produce non-fossil feedstock-based polymers.In theory,non-fossil feedstock-based polymers could fall under the revised draft texts category of“alternative plastics”.However,Notpla has passed the Dutch governments assessment of“not plastic”based on the defin
44、ition used in the European Union(EU)Single-Use Plastic Directive which means it could also fall under the revised draft texts category of“non-plastic substitute”.Relevance of the intervention as mentioned by the intervieweesTargets on specific R strategiesBansDefinitionsStandardsExtendedproducerresp
45、onsibilitySafety and qualityregulation for materialsNeed for global harmonization expressed by intervieweesCircular Industry Solutions for a Global Plastics Treaty8While this may seem insignificant,it could have big implications for the scope and applicability of other policies and regulations.For e
46、xample,for policies on single-use plastics or recycled content for plastics,it is key to understand what is within the scope of“plastics”and therefore to which materials,products and applications the policies and regulations apply.Another example of definitions is related to extended producer respon
47、sibility(EPR).Emmanuelle Bautista and Baptiste Roubaud,who both work on EU and international affairs at Citeo,a producer responsibility organization(PRO)in France,said:“We noticed that many people are speaking about EPR without really understanding what it exactly entails.Many stakeholders think it
48、is limited to recycling only,to which it should not be restricted.We need to have a clear definition of the concept.”A case in point:if the global plastics treaty adopts requirements for EPR,it will become critical to define whether this responsibility only includes financing for collection and recy
49、cling infrastructure,or whether it also covers reuse models,reduction and consumer education.StandardsLike definitions,solution providers assert that standards are important to understand the scope and application of these policies,as well as for agreeing on methods and interpretation of testing and
50、 results.Examples mentioned by interviewees include standards for testing biodegradability,recyclability,hygiene and(food contact)safety for both alternative and conventional materials.Givaudan is one of the solution providers that observed a challenge in finding a clear standard.Ian Harrison,Innova