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1、高考英语全国卷区阅读理解语篇体裁分布特点 由图可知，以历史、社会与文化为主题的说明文在英语高考中出现次数最多，占比18.2%，也就是说每一张高考英语卷都会出现一道该类型的阅读题；而以科技与技术为主题的说明文排第二，占比14.5%，也就是说每三年高考都会出现两次该类型题目;而排在第三位的则是以文学、艺术与体育为主题的应用文，紧接着又是以历史、社会与文化为主题的应用文。Characteristics of practical writing010203篇幅较短，有小标题篇幅较短，有小标题专有名词较多专有名词较多数字较多数字较多1.先看题目2.定位原则3.题序原则专有名词动词，形容词4.同义替换题序
2、原则语篇1Books That Celebrate Diverse Holidays and TraditionsItsimportanttorememberthereareadiversesetofholidaysavailabletoexplore.Belowareafewbooksthathelpintroducechildrentodifferentholidayculturesandtraditions.Too Many Tamales by Gary Soto,illustrated by Ed MartinezWhilehelpinghermotherwithChristmasc
3、elebration,Mariaistemptedtotryonhermothersdiamondring.Aftergettingcaughtupinthejoyoftheholidayandplayingwithhercousins,Mariarealizestheringismissing!Thatswhensheandhercousinscomeupwithaplantoeatallofthetamales,inhopesoffindingthering.Together for Kwanzaa by Juwanda G.Ford,illustrated by Shelly Hehen
4、bergerThisisastoryaboutalittlegirlnamedKaylawhowantstoseeherolderbrotherKharicomehomesotheycancelebrateKwanzaatogetherasafamily.Khariisstuckatcollegewhenasnowstormhitsandhiscarbreaksdown.WillhemakeithomeintimeforKwanzaa?A Childs Christmas in Wales by Dylan Thomas,illustrated by Trina Schart HymanThi
5、sbookisafunny,nostalgictaleofChristmasEveafternoonthroughChristmasnightinWales,andisfullofuniqueimageryandpoeticprose.ItwillarouseasenseoffamiliarityforsomeyoungreaderswhileintroducingthemtodifferentaspectsofChristmastraditions.We Are Grateful:Otsaliheliga by Traci Sorell,illustrated by Frane Lessac
6、ThewordotsaliheligaisusedbymembersoftheCherokeeNationtoexpressgratitude.Thisisanamazingstorythatdescribesajourneythroughtheseasonswithamodern-dayCherokeefamily.Cherokeehistoryandtraditionsarealsowovenintothestoryinaverykid-mon point共同点paraphrasing同义替换21.WhatmakesitdifficultforKharitoreturnhomeintime
7、forKwanzaa?A.Acarcrash.B.Delayedflights.C.Extremeweather.D.Academicpressure.22.WhoprovidespicturesforAChildsChristmasinWales?A.TraciSorell.B.EdMartinez.C.DylanThomas.D.TrinaSchartHyman.23.Thefourbooksallinformreadersof_.A.howtofindhiddentreasuresathomeB.howtostrengthenbondswithfriendsC.thelifestyles
8、ofdifferentethnicgroupsD.differentholidaycelebrationsandcustoms细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题1.1.记事类记事类bring out the topic点题点题Ending结局结局conclusion升华主题升华主题2.2.写人写人引出人物引出人物人物生平、成就等人物生平、成就等人物影响人物影响Development发展发展 beginning开端开端 Climax高潮高潮 重难点强调对细节理解的考察强调对细节理解的考察Characteristics of narrative writing 记叙文中细节理解题记叙文中细节理解题命题
9、的顺序命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的一般都会按照文章的_和和_层层推进层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。辑不通。故事发展的顺序故事发展的顺序脉络脉络 根据根据题干和选项信息题干和选项信息大胆预测文章内容大胆预测文章内容预测文章内容抓题干定位词锁定命题据根据篇章结构特点快速抓住主旨大意语篇2KristinSchellisthefounderofTheTurquoiseTable,amovementofordinarypeoplewhowanttocreatecommunityrightintheirownfrontyards.Tenyearsago,sheandherfa
10、milymovedtoanewhomeinAustin,Texas.Oneday,Kristintriedtoconnectwithhernewneighborsbyhostingaparty.Sheboughtafewpicnictablesbutthedeliverydriversetonetabledowninherfrontyardbymistake.“Aftertheparty,Ipaintedthetableturquoisemyfavoritecolorandputitinthefrontyard,justafewfeetfromthesidewalk,”shesays.That
11、turquoisetablebecametheplacewhereKristinandherkidshungout.Theyplayedgames,didcraftsandatesnacks.“Wegotintentionalaboutwherewespentourtime,”Kristinsays.“Webecamefrontyardpeople.”Neighborsbegantostopbytointroducethemselvesandsitdownforachat.Kristininvitedpeopletojoinheratthetableforcoffeeoricedtea.The
12、nneighborsaskedKristiniftheirfamilycouldputapicnictableintheirfrontyardtoo.Amovementwasborn.“Itwasasimplewaytoslowdownandconnectwithothers,”shesays.Theturquoisetablewasinvitingandhadasharedfeel.Peopleoftenhesitatetoinviteothersintotheirhomes.Theythinktheirhouseistoomessy,itsnotbigenoughortheydonthav
13、eenoughtime.“Ourperfectionismcancauseustomissoutonthejoyofconnectingwithothers,”Kristinsays.Herpicnictabletakesawaytheexcusesandthepressure.Shelikeshowitenableshertotakeasmallsteptowardeasinglonelinessandbuildingrelationshipsinhercommunity.“Peoplesgreatestneedistoknowthattheyarelovedandthattheybelon
14、g,”shesays.AdecadeaftertheirTexasbeginnings,thousandsofTurquoiseTablesexistinall50statesandin13countriesaroundtheworld.Notallofthemareactuallyturquoise.“Nomatterwhatcoloritis,itsafriendshiptable,”Kristinsays.creativesociable24.WhydidKristinSchellstartthemovement?A.Tohostmorepartiesinherfrontyard.B.T
15、oentertainherfriendsandneighbors.C.Toengagewithpeopleintheneighbourhood.D.Tocreateharmoniouscommunitiesworldwide.25.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeKristinSchellaccordingtothetext?A.Creativeandsociable.B.Friendlyandhumorous.C.Generousandambitious.D.Cautiousandresponsible.26.Whatcanbeinferredfrom
16、thetext?A.Peopledontlikeotherstostepintotheirhouses.B.Thecampaignhasabigimpactathomeandabroad.C.KristinSchellboughttheturquoisetabletohostaparty.D.Peoplefeelunwillingtojoininthefrontyardchatatfirst.27.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LoveYourNeighborsB.AnAmazingWomanC.HappyFrontYardTi
17、meD.TablesWhereAllAreWelcome细节理解题主旨大意题推理判断题细节理解题Paraphrasing:connectwithParaphrasing:statesandin13countriesaroundtheworld1.gistofthepassage(概括主旨)2.creative;novel(创新，新颖)3.simple；clarified(简洁明了)Characteristics of expository writing语篇结构：语篇结构：1 1）介绍描述类）介绍描述类被介绍对象被介绍对象+特征特征1+1+特征特征2+2+特征特征3+3+总结总结2 2）研究报
18、告类：）研究报告类：研研究究报报告告的的主主题题（第第一一二二段段：问问题题/现现象象/旧旧研研究究-新新研研究究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议专家评议3)3)新鲜科技类新鲜科技类新鲜科技的独特性新鲜科技的独特性+过程过程+原理原理+用途用途+前景前景技巧点拨技巧点拨1 1：同义替换表达：同义替换表达技巧点拨技巧点拨2 2：关注代词和冒号的用法：关注代词和冒号的用法技巧点拨技巧点拨3 3：分析词汇的上下义词：分析词汇的上下义词技巧点拨技巧点拨4 4：长难句分析，化繁为简：长难句分析，化繁为简技巧点拨技巧点拨5 5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系：关注信号词，
19、分析句际、段际关系技巧点拨技巧点拨6 6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度技巧点拨技巧点拨7 7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段：关注中心词及首段，结尾段语篇3Ifyouliveinaregionwherewinterweatherisaregularrisk,youarelikelyusedtopouringsaltonyoursidewalks.Buthowdoesitwork?Andhowmuchsaltdohumanspourontoourplanetssurface?Thesecondquestioniseasiertoanswer:alot.Saltdo
20、esntdirectlymeltice,nordoesitmakesnowsimplydisappear.Insteaditmakeswaterlesslikelytofreezeinaphenomenoncalledfreezingpointdepression.Inthecaseofsimplerocksalt,whichisarawer,lesspureversionoftablesalt,eachmolecule(分子)splitsintosmallerelements.Normally,whenwaterfreezesintoice,itsmoleculeslineuptoforma
21、stable,orderlystructure.Saltinterruptstheprocess,however,andtemperaturesmustdroplowertoovercomethatinterruptionandforfreezingtooccur.Butifsaltneedstointeractwithliquidwater,howdoesitdoanythingwhentemperaturesarestubbornlybelowfreezing,andwatershouldalreadybeintheformofice?Thatswherecarshelpclearthei
22、rownwaybycreatingfrictionand,inturn,heat.Thefrictionallowsfortheicethathasalreadyfrozentomeltalittlebit,makingitunlikelytofreeze.Beyondrocksaltsabilitytoclearicystreets,itcanalsobedestructive.Chlorideions(氯离子)cancausewearandtearonvehiclesandfacilities.IncreasingchloridedensitiesinNorthAmerican lakes
23、 couldbegintoupsetlocalecologyanddegradesourcesofdrinking water.Manylocalgovernmentsarelookingforalternativestorocksalt.Othersaltssuchasmagnesiumchlorideandcalciumchlorideworkinthesamewayasrocksalt,andtheyreperhapsevenmoreefficient.Someexperimentsaretestingotherice-preventingsolutions,includingthose
24、thatcontainsugarsinsteadoforinadditiontosalts.Anotherapproachreliesmoreheavilyonsand,whichcanmechanicallymakeroadssafer.AllofthisexperimentationisaimedatensuringpeoplecantravelinanyweatherconditionaHerculeantaskwhenwinterbringsitsworst.Paraphrasing：disturb损耗赫拉克勒斯的任务：困难的Paraphrasing：guarantee技巧点拨技巧点拨
25、7 7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段：关注中心词及首段，结尾段技巧点拨技巧点拨1 1：同义替换表达：同义替换表达技巧点拨技巧点拨5 5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系推理判断题细节理解题词义猜测题主旨大意题28.WhatsthepurposeofthefirstsentenceinParagraph2?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Togivesomeevidence.C.Todefinethephenomenon.D.Torevealthemisconception.29.Howdoessaltworktodisturbtheprocessoff
26、reezing?A.Byloweringthetemperature.B.Bymeltingandsplittingitself.C.Bylininguptoformasolidstructure.D.Bystoppingtheformationofthestructure.30Whatdoestheunderlinedword“densities”inParagraph4mean?A.Concentrations.B.Weights.C.Qualities.D.Salts.31.Whatsthelastparagraphmainlytalkingabout?A.Othersaltswontd
27、isturblocalecology.B.Effortsarebeingmadetoguaranteesafetravels.C.Manyalternativesareavailabletosolvetheproblem.D.Bitterwintermakeitimpossibletosecureroadsafety.an idea that is not correctCharacteristics of expository writing语篇结构：语篇结构：1 1）介绍描述类）介绍描述类被介绍对象被介绍对象+特征特征1+1+特征特征2+2+特征特征3+3+总结总结2 2）研究报告类：）研
28、究报告类：研研究究报报告告的的主主题题（第第一一二二段段：问问题题/现现象象/旧旧研研究究-新新研研究究）+（过程、方法、发现、应用）（过程、方法、发现、应用）+专家评议专家评议3)3)新鲜科技类新鲜科技类新鲜科技的独特性新鲜科技的独特性+过程过程+原理原理+用途用途+前景前景技巧点拨技巧点拨1 1：同义替换表达：同义替换表达技巧点拨技巧点拨2 2：关注代词和冒号的用法：关注代词和冒号的用法技巧点拨技巧点拨3 3：分析词汇的上下义词：分析词汇的上下义词技巧点拨技巧点拨4 4：长难句分析，化繁为简：长难句分析，化繁为简技巧点拨技巧点拨5 5：关注信号词，分析句际、段际关系：关注信号词，分析句际、
29、段际关系技巧点拨技巧点拨6 6：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度：积累观点态度词，明确作者观点态度技巧点拨技巧点拨7 7：关注中心词及首段，结尾段：关注中心词及首段，结尾段赞成positive 积极的supportive 支持的approving 赞成的favorable 赞许的反对negative 消极的disapproving 不赞成的dissatisfied 不满意的critical 批判的worried 担忧的doubtful 怀疑的中立objective客观的neutral中立的indifferent 漠不关心的作者的态度：Whats the authors attitude（态度）
30、towards.?不清楚的unclear 消极的vague 模糊分ambiguous模棱两可的语篇4AbouttenyearsagologgingintoFacebook,Twitter,orInstagramwouldmostlyshowpostsfromfriendsandfamilyintheordertheywereposted.Today,theseplatformspresentamixofcontent,tailoredbyalgorithms(算法)tomatchusersinterests,whetheritsplants,sports,cats,orpolitics.Kyl
31、eChayka,awriterforTheNewYorker,discussesthistopicinhisbook,Filterworld.Heexplainsthatalgorithmsanalyzeuserdatatopredictandinfluencewhattheywilllikelyengagewith.Thismeansthatinsteadofasimple,chronologicalfeed,usersencounteradynamicstream,constantlyadaptingtotheirpreferences.Chaykaexamineshowthesealgo
32、rithmicrecommendationscontrolwhatweconsume,frommusicandmoviestofoodandtraveldestinations.Hearguesthatthismachine-drivenselectionprocesshasturnedusintopassiveconsumers,makingourpreferencesandtastesmoresimilar.Chaykapointsoutthatalgorithmsmakeuspassivebyalwaysshowinguscontentthatwereunlikelytoclickawa
33、yfrombutwontfindtoounexpectedorchallenging.Thisconstantstreamofrecommendationsreducesourexposuretodiverseorchallengingcontent,subtlyshapingourpreferencesandbehaviors.Moreover,Chaykapointsoutthatalgorithmsalsopressurecontentcreators,likemusiciansandartists,totailortheirworktofitthesedigitalplatforms.
34、Forinstance,musiciansonSpotifyorTikTokmightfocusoncreatingcatchyhooksatthebeginningoftheirsongstograbthelistenersattention.Despitethestrongpresenceofthesealgorithms,Chaykabelievesthatregulationcouldreducetheirinfluence.HesuggeststhatifMeta,theparentcompanyofFacebook,wererequiredtoseparateitsvariouss
35、ervices,likeInstagramorWhatsApp,andmakethemcompetewitheachother,itcouldgiveusersmorecontrolandchoiceovertheirdigitalconsumption.Insummary,thechangefromsimple,time-orderedsocial.mediapoststoalgorithm-drivencontenthasabigimpactonboththeviewersandthecreators,influencingwhatwesee,hear,andeventhink.Chayk
36、asinsightshighlighttheneedforgreaterawarenessandpotentiallymoreregulationinourincreasinglydigitalworld.Paraphrasing:makeadjustmentstosatisfy技巧点拨技巧点拨1 1：同义替换表达：同义替换表达32.Accordingtothetexthowhavesocialmediaplatformschangedinthepasttenyears?A.Theyshowpostsinatime-basedorder.B.Theyprioritizepostsfromfri
37、endsandfamily.C.Theymakeadjustmentstosatisfyusersneeds.D.Theyprovidemorecontenttomeetdifferentneeds.33.WhatdoesKyleChaykathinkofalgorithmicrecommendations?A.Theymakeusersmoreactiveconsumers.B.Theyshapeuserspreferencesandbehaviors.C.Theyreducetheinfluenceofcontentcreators.D.Theyexposeuserstodiversean
38、dchallengingcontent.34.Howdoalgorithmsinfluencemusiciansworkondigitalplatforms?A.Byencouragingmusicianstocreatelongersongs.B.Bydiscouragingmusiciansfromusingcatchyhooks.C.Bygivingmusiciansmorecontrolandchoiceovertheirmusic.D.Byrequiringmusicianstocreatetheirworktofittheplatforms.35.Whatcanbeconclude
39、dfromthetext?A.Techcompaniesshouldhavemoredepartments.B.Socialmediaalgorithmsgivecontentcreatorslessopportunities.C.Socialmediaalgorithmsflattenourculturebymakingdecisionsforus.D.Networkplatformshaveincreasedthecommonrecommendationsfor10years.细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题推理判断题阻止某人做某事Characteristics of seven-optio
40、n items七选五阅读材料特征主题语境主题语境人与自我人与自我人与社会（常考）人与社会（常考）人与自然人与自然语篇结构语篇结构文章一般无标题，段落标题或标志有时有文章一般无标题，段落标题或标志有时有总总分分(总总)结构结构常见常见短文长度短文长度 约约300词词(230320)主要考查考主要考查考生对文章的生对文章的整体内容整体内容和和结构结构以及以及上上下文逻辑意下文逻辑意义义的理解和的理解和把握。（考把握。（考试说明）试说明）通常五六段，有时三四段通常五六段，有时三四段语篇类型语篇类型说明文说明文(常考常考)记叙文记叙文/议论文议论文(偶尔考偶尔考)解题步骤1：分析文章结构（较为常见）2
41、.总-分-总1.总-分语篇结构：解题步骤2:关注选项特点选项特点，重点关注核心词 名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词正确选项的结构特点：1.小标题：句式结构与各段一致，与段落主题内容贴合度高；2.主题句（段首题优先做）：与本段段落内容贴合度高；段落与段落之间的过渡句（难题）3.段尾（段尾题优先做）与空格前一句有句间逻辑关系（此类较多）对本段进行小结（较少）段落之间衔接（较少）所选选项要与本段内容贴合度高选项词汇特点1.同词/近义词/同根词/同畴词（上下义词）复现2.逻辑词（选项中的逻辑词或空格后的句子有逻辑词）或考生利用上中下三个句子的关系，推断句间逻辑关系（该类题难度较大）3.代词 选项
42、中出现代词（主语或宾语或介宾）原文空格后出现代词 注意1：正确选项可能为：逻辑词+词汇复现 逻辑词+代词注意2：正确选项代入原文后，上下句的协同性可以通过词汇复现来体现，使上下句出现某一意义的重叠。解题步骤2:关注选项特点选项特点，重点关注核心词 名词，形容词，动词，逻辑词，连词，代词冗余选项特点1.有两个相似的句式（祈使句有出现多个的情况）（可能产生冗余选项）2.有两个选项出现相同的名词，形容词或动词等 （可能产生冗余选项）3.选项没有特别鲜明的特征，该句子仍然会出现的核心词汇，但有可能核心词汇与空格所在段落无关或者语义与原文相悖或截然相反。（要准确理解选项句意）解题步骤3:冗余选项如何排除
43、语篇5How to Protect Against Undue Influence OnlineThepotentialforundueinfluencehasbecomeincreasinglysignificantinthiseraofdigitalinterconnectivity.Undueinfluencecanaffectourperceptionsandinfluenceourdecisions.Itmayevenendangerourautonomy(自主)andmentalhealth._36_Understand what undue influence isThefirs
44、tsteptoprotectingyourselfisunderstandingwhatundueinfluenceis.Undueinfluencereferstoasituationinwhichanindividualorgroupemploysunreasonablecontroloveranotherpersonsbehaviorinformation,thoughts,andemotions._37_Disinformationcampaigns,persuasiveadvertising,andevencontentdesignedtocausefear,uncertainty,
45、ordependencymayoftenappearonline.Develop media literacy skillsInanageoffakenews,itiscrucialtodevelopmedia literacy skills._38_Becomeaconsumerwhocantellthequalityofinformation,identifythesource,checkforcredibility,andlookforyourunconsciousassumptionsandpreferences._39_Deleteasmuchdataasyoucanaboutyou
46、rself.Be mindful of what information you share online,andalwaysensurethatyouronlineactivitiesaresecuredthroughreliablesources.Reviewallpoliciesonplatforms,especially“free”ones.Ifyouarentpaying,thenyouaretheproduct,asinmanycases,theyaresellingyourdata.Byincludingthesestepsintoyourdigitallife,youcanpr
47、otectyourselffromundueinfluenceintheonlineworld,ensuringthatyoucanthinkandactindependently,freefromillcontrol._40_ It isyourmind.Onlyyoushouldcontrolit!GDFAEunreasonable文章结构：总分总G.Herearesomeessentialstrategiesforyoutoprotectyourselfonlinefromundueinfluence.D.Inthedigitalworld,undueinfluencecantakema
48、nyforms.F.Theyinvolveanalyzing,evaluating,andcreatingmediainvariousforms.A.PrioritizeprivacyE.Everyonedeservestherighttolivefreefromundueinfluence.A.PrioritizeprivacyB.BemindfuloffreeonesC.ItsvitaltohaveahealthyInternetandreal-lifebalance.D.Inthedigitalworld,undueinfluencecantakemanyforms.E.Everyone
49、deservestherighttolivefreefromundueinfluence.F.Theyinvolveanalyzing,evaluating,andcreatingmediainvariousforms.G.Herearesomeessentialstrategiesforyoutoprotectyourselfonlinefromundueinfluence.注意Characteristics of Cloze 1.1.体裁上体裁上：主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文三种体裁。但大多以叙为主主要有记叙文、说明文和议论文三种体裁。但大多以叙为主,叙议结合叙议结合;2.2.内容上内容上
50、：讲述一个贴近考生实际生活故事，讲述一个贴近考生实际生活故事，首段首段交代交代故事重要信息故事重要信息，末尾末尾进行进行升华升华，揭示，揭示人生的道理人生的道理,富有思想性教育性富有思想性教育性;3.考点上：考点上：考察重点多为考察重点多为实词实词:名名/代代/动词动词/形容形容/副词副词/连词等；关注语境背景知识连词等；关注语境背景知识,侧重侧重上下文上下文段衔接段衔接；考察篇章；考察篇章整体理解整体理解，还原，还原完善文章信息完善文章信息的语言能力以及的语言能力以及逻辑思维与判断能力逻辑思维与判断能力。1.通览速读全文，把握大意2.试填紧扣文意，瞻前顾后3.复核全面检查，连贯准确 行文逻辑