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1、第二轮复习 语法梳理 第十四节 主从复合句考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 1 宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句子中相当于一个名词词组,在全句中充当主句的宾语。在中考题中比较常见。主要考查其引导词,语序和时态。1.宾语从句的引导词(1)宾语从句是陈述句,引导词用that,在口语中that可以省略。如:We all think(that)he is hard-working.我们都认为他是勤奋的。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 1 宾语从句宾语从句(2)如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来,其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下,二者可以通用,但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用
2、whether。如:I dont know if/whether he will come here.我不知道他是否将来这儿。Sorry,I dont know whether she will come or not.对不起,我不知道她是否会来。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 1 宾语从句宾语从句(3)宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词就是特殊疑问词。如:Could you tell me where the library is?你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗?The teacher asked the students what they were talking about.老师问学生们他们正在谈论什
3、么。2.宾语从句的时态宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的,一般有几种情况:考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 1 宾语从句宾语从句(1)主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的时间状语用相应的任何时态。如:He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work tomorrow.他说他明天将会叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。(2)主句的时态为过去时态时,从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。Miss Yang said she missed us very much.杨老师说她非常想念我们。考考点点梳梳
4、理理考点考点 1 宾语从句宾语从句(3)从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。He said that the sun is bigger than the moon.他说太阳比月亮大。3.宾语从句的语序(1)在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要使用陈述语序,即“引导词主语谓语其他”。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 1 宾语从句宾语从句I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。(2)有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如:Whats wrong with?Which is the way to?What hap
5、pened to you?Whats the matter/trouble?Who studies the hardest in your class?考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 1 宾语从句宾语从句(3)do you think后接宾语从句时,特殊疑问词即引导词要前置,do you think作为插入语。Who do you think he is talking with?你认为他正在和谁交谈?考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 2 定语从句定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词,代词或某一句子的从句叫做定语从句,其功能相当于一个形容词。中考重点考查由that,which,who引导的定语从句。1.定语从
6、句的关系代词:在定语从句中,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose引导。(1)who,whom,that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 2 定语从句定语从句 Is he the man who/that wants to marry you?他是想娶你的那个人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man(who/whom/that)I hit yesterday.他是昨天我打的那个人。(who/whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)which
7、,that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 2 定语从句定语从句 Betty likes music that/which is sad and gentle.贝蒂喜欢轻柔伤感的音乐。(that/which在从句中作主语)The cup(that/which)I put on the desk is blue.我放桌子上的杯子是蓝色的。(that/which 在从句中作宾语)(3)whose用来指人或物。(只用作定语)Please pass me the book whose cover is red.请把封面是红色的那本书递给我。考考点点
8、梳梳理理考点考点 2 定语从句定语从句 2.关系词只能用that而不用which的情况:(1)当先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。This is one of the most exciting basketball games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场篮球赛。(2)当先行词前有一个序数词修饰时。The first thing that you could do was to calm down.你首先要做的就是冷静。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 2 定语从句定语从句(3)当先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anyt
9、hing,little,much,none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。All that I have to do for my family is worthwhile.我所有要为家族做的事都是值得。I will buy everything that I need.我将会去买我所需要的一切东西。(4)当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等词修饰时。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 2 定语从句定语从句 Thats all that I can do for you.这就是我能为你做的全部。(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。They are talking about t
10、hings and persons that they remembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。3.关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情(1)当先行词为any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如:考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 2 定语从句定语从句 Anyone who breaks the rules in the test will be punished.任何在考试中违规的人都会受到惩罚。(2)当先行词为that,this,those或these且指人时。如:Those who didnt hand in homework need to go to the of
11、fice right now.那些没交作业的人现在都要去办公室。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 2 定语从句定语从句(3)当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时,在口语中用who或whom引导均可,但如直接位于介词后作宾语时,只能用whom。如:The guest(who/whom)Ill first introduce to you is a well-known writer.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位位著名的作家。I met a few students,among whom was my monitor.我遇见几位学生,其中一位是我的班长。考考点点梳梳理理 复合句中,充当状语成分的从句叫做状
12、语从句。中考对状语从句的考查一般都会和从属连词相结合,重点是在状语从句中考查从属连词的运用和辨析。状语从句的几种类型:引导时间状语从句的连接词:when,as,while,after,before,till,until,since,as soon as等;引导原因状语从句的连接词:because,since,as等;考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句引导目的状语从句的连接词:so that,in order that等;引导结果状语从句的连接词:sothat,suchthat等;引导条件状语从句的连接词:if,unless,as long as等;引导
13、让步状语从句的连接词:although,though,even though等;引导比较状语从句的连接词:than,asas,not so/asas等。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句(2)notuntil和until的用法Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.车没停,请勿下车。(get off这个动作直到stop这个结束后才开始。)He waited for his father until(till)his father came back
14、.他一直等到他爸爸回来。(wait这个动作直到爸爸came back时才停止。)考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句2.让步状语从句(1)although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。Although they are poor,(yet)they are kind.尽管他们贫穷,但他们很友善。(2)even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。Even though you hate me,Ill always love you.即使你恨我,我也会总是爱你。考考点点梳梳理
15、理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句3.原因状语从句:because,as,since 因为(1)表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,却又是最直接的原因,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。注:在回答why的问句时,只用because回答。because与so不能同时用在同一个句子中。You want to know why Im leaving?你想知道我为什么离开吗?考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句Im leaving because Im bored.我离开是因为我厌倦了。(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种
16、原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反。Seeing all of the children already seated,he said,“Since everyone is here,lets start.”考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句4.目的状语从句:that,so that,in order that 为了;为的是He studies hard so that/in order that he can go to Peking University.他努力学习为的是考
17、上北京大学。注:目的状语从句不可置于句首,常跟may,might,can,could,would等情态动词连用。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句5.结果状语从句:that,so that,sothat,suchthat 太/如此 以至于常用句式:so+形容词/副词+that从句;such+名词+that从句。He ran so quickly that I couldnt catch up with him.他跑得如此之快我无法追上他。She is so kind that everyone likes her.她是如此友善,以至于每个人都喜欢她。Tom is such a go
18、od boy that I cant forget him.汤姆是个这么好的男孩以至于我无法忘记他。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句They are such excellent children that their parents feel proud of them.他们是如此优秀的小孩,他们的父母都引以为傲。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句6.比较状语从句:than,asas,not so/asasJenny finished this task much better than you(did).这项任务珍妮完成得比你好。The little boy ra
19、n as fast as his father did in his early age.这个小男孩跟他爸爸年轻时跑得一样快。I cannot eat as much as you do.我不能和你吃得一样多。考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句7.条件状语从句:if如果,unless(=ifnot)除非,so(as)long as只要,once一旦He will go home if he is free.如果他有空,他会回家。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)You will fail the test unless you study hard.=You will fail the test if you dont study hard.除非你努力学习,否则你将会考试不及格。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)考考点点梳梳理理考点考点 3 状语从句状语从句 As long as you win the game,you will get everything you want.只要你赢得这场比赛,你将会获得你所想要的一切。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)Once you go out of this house,you will have nothing.一旦你走出这个家,你会一无所有。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)