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1、Past paticipleThis is a polluted river.The river is polluted.(过去分词作表语)过去分词作表语)(过去分词作定语)(过去分词作定语)The village is flooded.It is a flooded village.It is an injured tiger.The tiger is injured.I.I.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1.1.单个过去分词作定语单个过去分词作定语,通常前置通常前置a.及物动词的过去分词,具有被动和完成的意义。及物动词的过去分词,具有被动和完成的意义。a broken cupa wounde
2、d soldieran uninvited guestthe excited crowd A cup which is broken A soldier who was woundedA guest who is uninvitedThe crowd who were excitedc)有有时通通过一个名一个名词或数或数词加另一个名加另一个名词的的过去分去分词可以构成生可以构成生动形象的复合形形象的复合形容容词。*a three-legged table *a one-eyed general *an honest-faced man a grown womana retired office
3、rA woman who has grownA officer who has retiredb)不及物动词的过去分词,具有主动和完成意义。不及物动词的过去分词,具有主动和完成意义。2.过去分词短语过去分词短语作定语:通常后置,其作用相作定语:通常后置,其作用相当于定语从句。当于定语从句。a letter written in pencilthe book borrowed by Jackthe machines produced last year=a letter which was written in pencil=the book which was borrowed by Jack
4、=the machines which were produced last year过去分词与现在分词的区别:过去分词与现在分词的区别:1 语态不同:现在分词表示主动,及物动词语态不同:现在分词表示主动,及物动词的过去分词表示被动的过去分词表示被动注:不及物动词的过去注:不及物动词的过去分词只有分词只有“完成完成”含义,而不表示被动含义,而不表示被动an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的演说鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众受到鼓舞的观众The falling leaves the fallen leaves落叶(正往下落的)落叶(正往下落的)
5、落叶(已经落到地面的)落叶(已经落到地面的)2 时间关系不同:现在分词作定语,多表示时间关系不同:现在分词作定语,多表示“动作正在动作正在进行进行”或或“与谓语同时进行与谓语同时进行”或或“经常性经常性”。过去分词作定语,则多表示分词动作过去分词作定语,则多表示分词动作“先于位语动词表先于位语动词表示的动作示的动作”或或“没有一定的时间性没有一定的时间性”1.Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?2.“Cant you read?”Mary said angrily _(point)to the notice.3 The woman _(se
6、ll)vegetables has gone.4.The wheat is watered by water _(pump)from a pond.5.He is a leader_(respect)by the people.3 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(done)与与现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示都可以表示“被动被动”,但前者多,但前者多表示一个表示一个完成了的动作完成了的动作,而后者则,而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作表示一个正在进行的动作.the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being di
7、scussed 4.过去分词(过去分词(done)与与现在分词的完成被动式现在分词的完成被动式(having been done)都表示都表示“完成完成”和和“被动被动”,但但前者的时间性不变前者的时间性不变,而后者,而后者更加强调分词动作明更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作。显先于谓语动作。1.He is a teacher _(respect)by all.2._(advise)to stay in Beijing,the boy decided not to returned to his village.II.过去分词做表语过去分词做表语1 过去分词(短语)作表语时,其作用相当于过去分词
8、(短语)作表语时,其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态说明的是主语的状态All the windows are broken.This article is well written.2 过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别(1)现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质或特征,)现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质或特征,意为意为“令人怎样。令人怎样。”,有主动的意思。如:,有主动的意思。如:exciting,moving,amusing,astonishing,frightening,shocking,surprising,tiring etc.(2)过去分词作表语多
9、表示主语所处的状态,意为过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态,意为“对什么对什么感到到怎样感到到怎样”.如:如:moved,astonished,frightened,tired etc.eg,They got very excited.(3).过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似,过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意思明显不同,前者说明但两者表达的意思明显不同,前者说明主语的特主语的特点及所处的状态,点及所处的状态,而后者而后者强调动作强调动作。The glass is broken.The glass is broken by my little brother.过去分去分词常用于某些固定的常用于某些固定的词组中中be interested in sth./doing sth.be closed to sth./sb.(接近接近)be engaged in sth./doing sth.be prepared to do sth.be/get used to sth./doing sth.