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1、中考英语宾语从句知识讲解和练习一、宾语从句的概念和结构1.在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。I likemy teacher.(名词作宾语)I enjoyplaying basketball.(动名词作宾语)I decideto study hard.(不定式作宾语)I knowhim. (代词作宾语)I knowMr Li teaches English.(句子作宾语)She askedif the answer was right.(句子作宾语)即当宾语是由一个句子在充当时，这个句子就叫宾语从句。2.结构：主句 + 连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句宾语从句的类型：动词宾语从句：主语 +动词
2、+ 宾语从句此类动词有：say, tell, think, know, see, hear, hope, guess, find, feel 等如：Ihopethat our team will win the match.介词宾语从句：主语 + 谓语 +介词+ 宾语从句如：I agreewithwhat you said just now.形容词宾语从句：主语 + be +形容词+ 宾语从句此类形容词有：afraid, sure, glad, sorry等如：I amsorrythat I have troubled you so long.二、宾语从句三要素（一）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语
3、序为陈述句语序。陈述句语序：主句 +引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分Helen saysthat shewill learnFrench next year. 引导词 主语 谓语【易错点】语序不变的情况：1.疑问句的特殊语序Whats wrong?/ Whats the matter?/ What happened?Which is the way to ?Who引导的特殊疑问句且who做主语I dont knowwhats the matter?Can you tell mewho is over there?2.感叹句You cant imaginehow sad I wasyesterday
4、.【典型例题】1.Excuse me, can you tell me _?A.where is there a good place to liveB.where a good place is to liveC.where is a good place to liveD.where there is a good place to live【答案】D2.Could you tell me _?Sure.Walk straight along this street and youll find it.A.how can I get to the post officeB.where wa
5、s the post officeC.which is the way to the post office D.where the post office was【答案】C3.Do you know when _ today.A.is the bookstore closedB.does the bookstore closeC.the bookstore closesD.is the bookstore closing【答案】C4.You cant imagine _ when they received these Christmas presents.A.how they were e
6、xcitedB.how excited they wereC.how excited were theyD.they were how excited【答案】B5.The manager came up to see _.A.what was the matterB.what the matter was C.what is the matterD.what the matter is【答案】A（二）宾语从句的时态1）主现从不限（需要性原则）主句是一般现在时，从句不限时态，可根据需要选用任何时态。（从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来决定时态）Hesaysthat heisgood at E
7、nglish.Hesaysthat hehas been illfor two days.Idont knowif hewill cometomorrow.2）主过从过(呼应性原则)主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。（引用请注明给力英语公众号）Heaskedme where Ilived.Hesaidthat shehad been illfor two days.Shesaidthat shewould returnsoon.3.特殊情况：1) 当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。The tea
8、chersaid“lighttravelsfaster than sound”.Hesaidthat the earthisround.2)当主句是Could/Would you tell me.? 时，could/would表示语气委婉，不表示过去时态。Could you tell me if youarethe first one to arrive here?【典型例题】1.用所给动词的适当形式填空(1) The radio says it _ (be) cloudy tomorrow.(2) She said that she _ (fly) to Japan in a week.(3
9、) He asked what they _ (do) at eight last night.(4) The teacher told his students that light _ (travel) faster than sound.【答案】will be; would fly; were doing; travels2.Excuse me, do you know _ yesterday?Sure.It closed at 6:00 p.m.yesterday.A.when the bookstore closesB.when does the bookstore closeC.w
10、hen the bookstore closedD.when did the bookstore close【答案】C3.We are glad to hear that the Greens _ to a new flat next week.A.move B.movedC.will move D.have moved【答案】C【解析】句意：我们很高兴听到格林一家下周要搬去新公寓。考查宾语从句和一般将来时的用法。解题思路：这是一个由that引导的宾语从句，主句使用一般将来时，从句可以使用各种时态；由从句中next week可以看出主句要使用一般将来时，故答案选C。4.The police w
11、ondered _.A.whose handbag it isB.whose handbag it wasC.whose handbag is itD.whose handbag was it【答案】B【解析】wonder想知道，实义动词，后面跟的是宾语从句。A.时态不对，根据wondered可知从句也要用过去时；CD.语序不对，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。故选：B。解析：警察想知道它是谁的手提包.（三）宾语从句的连接词连接代词：that，whether/if疑问代词：who，whom, whose，what，which疑问副词：when，where，how，why（1）that引导宾语从句只起连
12、接作用，其本身没有意义，在口语中常可省略：主语+ 谓语+ 宾语从句( that + 陈述句 )I think（that）you should be more careful我觉得你应多加小心。Im afraid（that）he wont come on time我恐怕他不会准时到。（2）whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”：主语+ 谓语+ 宾语从句( whether /if + 陈述句 )I wonderwhether (if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我不知道在农村女儿是否和儿子一样看待。【易错点
13、拨】能用if不能用whether的情况：if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。I wonder if she is a doctor.if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，此时从句遵守“主将从现”原则。Ifit rains tomorrow, I wont come.能用whether不能用if的情况：1.当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if。I want to knowwhetherhe is still living in Beijingor not2.在to do不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if。I dont knowwhether to seemy do
14、ctor today.3.介词后只能用whether。I worryaboutwhetherI hurt her feelings.4.含有宾语从句的复合句同时又包含if引导的条件句时，最好用whether。I dont knowwhetherhe will comeifit doesnt rain tomorrow.（3）疑问代词和疑问副词引导宾语从句疑问代词who，which，what，whose，whom以及疑问副词when，where，how，why均能引导宾语从句，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。疑问代词：* Do you knowwhosedictionary it is? （谁的，作定
15、语）* He askedwhocould give him a hand.（谁，作主语）疑问副词：* Could you tell mewhyyou are late? （为什么，作状语）* He didnt saywhenhe would return.（什么时候，作状语）【注意】疑问代词在从句中做主语的情况：如：I want to knowwhocleaned the classroom.They want to find outwhatcaused the accident.【典型例题】1.Sam,can you tell me_this math problem so fast?Sur
16、e,let me show you.A.how you will work outB.how you worked outC.how will you work outD.how did you work out【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序；由句意“Sam,你能告诉我你是怎样快速算出这道数学题的吗？”可知，Sam解数学题发生在说话之前，应用一般过去时。2.What a nice shirt! Can you tell me _?Sure,at the shopping center near our school.I went there last SundayA.wh
17、ere you bought itB.where did you buy itC.where you will buy itD.where will you buy it【答案】A【解析】句意：一多漂亮的衬衫！你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？一当然，在我们学校附近的购物中心。我上星期天去了那里。根据选项的提示可知此句询问的是在哪里买的，因为此句是宾语从句，语序要用陈述句语序，时态要用一般过去时，故选A。3.Grandma,do you remember _ Beijing?About 20 years ago.A.when you first visitB.when you first visite
18、dC.when do you first visitD.when did you first visit【答案】B【解析】句意：奶奶，你还记得你何时第一次来北京的吗？大约20年前。考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，可排除CD两项。根据答语About 20 years ago.，结合句意语境，可知需用一般过去时，故选B。4.Its an important event in history.Who knows _?A.when does it happenB.when it happensC.when did it happenD.when it happened【答案】D【解析】句意：这是
19、历史上一个重要的事件。谁知道是什么时候发生的？本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句需遵循“陈述语序”原则，因此排除选项A和选项C。根据题干中“in history”确定是一般过去时。选项B为一般现在时；选项D为一般过去时。故正确答案为选项D。5.Can you tell me_?I usually exercise three times a week.A.how often do you exerciseB.how often you exerciseC.how often did you exerciseD.how often you exercised【答案】B【解析】句意：你能告诉我多长时间锻炼
20、-次吗？我通常一周锻炼三次。考查宾语从句语序和时态。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，A和C是疑问句语序，可排除;根据回答I usually exerise three times a week可知询问通常情况，可知从句时态使用一般现在时，B是一般现在时，D是一般过去时，故选B。课后检测1.Could you please tell me _?Its at the east gate of the park.A.where was the parking lotB.where is the parking lotC.where the parking lot wasD.Where the parkin
21、g lot is【答案】D【解析】句意：你能告诉我停车场在哪吗？在公园东门。考查宾语从句语序和时态。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，A和B是疑问句语序，可排除；根据回答，可知从句时态使用一般现在时，C是一般过去时，B是一般现在时，故选D。2.Jane,could you tell me _ the beautiful kite?Oh,I bought it in a shop in Chaoyang Park.A.where did you buyB.where you boughtC.where will you buyD.where you will buy【答案】B【解析】句意：简，你能告诉我
22、你在哪买的漂亮的风筝吗？哦，我在公园附近的一个商店买的它。本题考查的是宾语从句，根据宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除A和C，答句中的Ibought可知，应该用的是一般过去时，故答案选B。3.Mr.Smith,could you please tell us _ the science show?Sure.Next Friday.A.when we attendedB.when we will attendC.when did we attendD.when will we attend【答案】B【解析】句意：-Mr.Smith,你能告诉我们什么时候参加科学展吗？一一当然，下周五。宾语从句需遵循
23、“陈述语序“原则，因此排除选项C和选项D。根据题干中“Next Friday确定是一般将来时。选项A为一般过去时；选项B为一般将来时。这里是一般现在时态，排除A,根据题意，故选B。4.Do you know _ the meeting room early?Because she had a headache.A.why Ann leftB.why Ann will leaveC.why did Ann leaveD.why will Ann leave【答案】A【解析】句意：一你知道Ann为什么离开会议室很早吗？一因为她头痛。问句是含有宾语从句的复合句，主句是一般现在时态，根据语境，从句是表
24、达过去的事实，用一般过去时态的陈述语序，谓语动词用leave的过去式left，B是一般将来时态。CD是疑问语序。故选：A。5.Mrs.Green, could you please tell us _ the film together?Sure.Next Wednesday.A.when we watchedB.when we will watchC.when did we watchD.when will we watch【答案】B【解析】句意：格林太太，你能告诉我们什么时候一起看电影吗？当然。下周三。考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除C和D；根据答语“Sure.Next We
25、dnesday.”可知，从句要用一般将来时态形式，应填when we will watch故排除A，故选B。6.Mr.King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A.when does his son come homeB.when his son comes homeC.when did his son come homeD.when his son came home【答案】D【解析】试题解析：句意：King先生不知道他儿子昨天晚上什么时候回到的家。根据题干解析此题考查的是宾语从句，宾语从句的语序应是陈述语序，所以排除A、C；根据时间状语yesterday ev
26、ening可知，宾语从句的时态应用一般过去时态，故选D。考点：考查宾语从句的用法7.I cant remember _ my schoolbag yesterday.A.where did I putB.where I putC.where will I putD.where I will put【答案】B【解析】句意：我不记得我昨天把书包放哪了。考查宾语从句辨析。where did I put 一般过去时，疑问语序；where I put 一般过去时/一般现在时，陈述语序；where will I put 一般将来时，疑问语序；where I will put 一般将来时，陈述语序。根据句子
27、结构，原句是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。当主句用一般现在时，从句用任何时态。根据时间状语yesterday，从句用一般过去时，所以空格处填where I put。故选B。8.Lily, can you tell me_?I always exercise twice a week.A.how often do you exerciseB.how often you exerciseC.how often did you exerciseD.how often you exercised【答案】B【解析】句意：莉莉，你能告诉我你多久锻炼一次吗？我总是一周锻炼两次。考查宾语从句
28、语序和时态。how often do you exercise疑问语序+一般现在时；how often you exercise陈述语序+一般现在时；how often did you exercise疑问语序+一般过去时；how often you exercised陈述语序+一般过去时。根据can you tell me可知后面接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A和C；根据I always exercise可知，时态是一般现在时，排除D。故选B。9.Did you notice _ in her office?Yes.She was going over our writing.A.wh
29、at was Miss Lin doingB.what Miss Lin was doingC.what does Miss Lin doD.what Miss Lin does【答案】B【解析】句意：你注意林小姐在干什么了吗？是的，她正在检查我们的写作。考查宾语从句。what was Miss Lin doing林小姐在干什么，疑问语序；what Miss Lin was doing陈述语序；what does Miss Lin do林小姐是干什么的；what Miss Lin does陈述语序。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是宾语从句，从句中应用陈述语序，故先排除A和C。根据答语She wa
30、s going over our writing可知，这里问的是过去正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，故选B。10.Could you please tell me _ yesterday?In the bookshop nearby.A.Where you bought the bookB.Where you buy the bookC.Where did you buy the bookD.Where do you buy the book【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我你昨天在哪里买的书吗？在附近的书店。考查宾语从句。根据Could you please tell me可知本题考查宾语从句
31、，宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，所以排除C、D选项；又因为提示词yesterday可知时态用一般过去时，而B选项用的是一般现在时，所以排除；故答案选A。11.Can you tell me _ during this winter holiday?Every day.A.how long did you exerciseB.how long you exercisedC.how often did you exerciseD.how often you exercised【答案】D【解析】句意：你能告诉我这个寒假你多久锻炼一次吗？每天锻炼一次。考查宾语从句，首先宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，那么排除
32、AC。再注意提问词“how long时间多长”“how often多久一次”，再根据回答“every day每天”，可知应该是问频率，故选D。12.Do you know _ yesterday?Yes.He went for the boat race.A.why didnt Peter go to schoolB.why doesnt Peter go to schoolC.why Peter didnt go to schoolD.why Peter doesnt go to school【答案】C【解析】句意：你知道为什么皮特昨天没去上学吗？是的，他去参加划船比赛了。考查一般过去时和宾
33、语从句陈述语序。why didnt Peter go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般过去时，语序为疑问语序；why doesnt Peter go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般现在时，语序为疑问语序；why Peter didnt go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般过去时，语序为陈述语序；why Peter doesnt go to school为什么皮特没有去学校，句中时态为一般现在时，语序为陈述语序。根据问句中yesterday可知，此处时态为一般过去时，所以排除B和D；根据句中you是主语，know是谓语，可知此
34、处缺少宾语，可以使用宾语从句充当宾语，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，所以排除A项。故选C。13.Lily, could you tell me _ last night?Oh, I went to the library.A.where you wentB.where did you goC.where you will goD.where will you go【答案】A【解析】句意：Lily，你能告诉我昨晚去哪里了么？嗯，我去了图书馆。考查宾语从句时态和语序辨析。宾语从句用陈述语序：引导词+主语+谓语，排除BD；last night是过去时间，宾语从句中主句用一般过去式，从句如果不是客观事实或者
35、真理，也要用一般过去式。故选A。14.Do you know _ the meeting?Tomorrow morning.A.when they hadB.when they are going to haveC.when did they haveD.when are they going to have【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道他们什么时候来开会吗？明天早上。此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，C和D是疑问句语序，故排除；根据回答Tomorrow morning可知此句时态是一般将来时，A是一般过去时，B是一般将来时；故选B。15.Mike, do you know _? So
36、meone is looking for him.Maybe he is in the library.A.where is TonyB.where was TonyC.where Tony isD.where Tony was【答案】C【解析】句意：麦克，你知道托尼在哪里吗？有人正在找他。可能他在图书馆。A.where is Tony托尼现在在哪；B.where was Tony托尼过去在哪；C.where Tony is托尼现在在哪；D.where Tony was托尼过去在哪。本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句语序为疑问词加陈述句语序，故排除A和B；根据某人正在找他，可知，现在是找不到他的，问他
37、现在在哪，故选C。16.Sam, can you tell me _ this math problem so fast?Sure,let me show you.A.how you will work outB.how you worked outC.how will you work outD.how did you work out【答案】B【解析】句意：萨姆，你能告诉我你是怎么这么快解出这道数学题的吗？当然，让我给你看看。解析句子结构及选项，上句含有how引导的宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，故排除C、D。根据下句Sure, let me show you.可知，萨姆算出了这道数学题。所以
38、上句中从句应是一般过去时。故选B。17.Do you know _?In 2022.A.when will the next World Cup beginB.when did the next World Cup beginC.when the next World Cup will beginD.when the next World Cup began【答案】C【解析】句意：你知道下一届世界杯将在什么时候开始吗？2022年。考查宾语从句和一般将来时。宾语从句用陈述句语序，因此先排除A、B选项；根据In 2022的回答可知，宾语从句所提到的下一次世界杯将在未来发生，应用一般将来时，故答案选
39、C。18.Can you tell me _ now?In Haidian, Beijing.A.where Jim livesB.where does Jim liveC.where Jim livedD.where did Jim live【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我吉姆现在住在哪里吗？在北京海淀区。根据句子结构可知空缺处作宾语，结合选择可知该句是宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，B、D是疑问句语序，故排除。主句是一般现在时，所以从句根据需要选择时态，根据now可知提问现在吉姆住在哪里，所以用一般现在时，故选A。19.I cant remember _ my schoolbag yes
40、terday.A.where did I putB.where I putC.where will I putD.where I will put【答案】B【解析】句意：我不记得我昨天把书包放哪了。考查宾语从句辨析。where did I put 一般过去时，疑问语序；where I put 一般过去时/一般现在时，陈述语序；where will I put 一般将来时，疑问语序；where I will put 一般将来时，陈述语序。根据句子结构，原句是一个宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。当主句用一般现在时，从句用任何时态。根据时间状语yesterday，从句用一般过去时，所以空
41、格处填where I put。故选B。20.Do you know _?Next Wednesday.A.when will the winter vacation startB.when the winter vacation will startC.when did the winter vacation startD.when the winter vacation started【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道寒假什么时候开始吗？下周三。考查宾语从句。根据句意理解可知，这里是宾语从句，首选宾语从句必须用“陈述句语序”，即引导词+主语+谓语+其他，所以排除A/ C，再由回答Next Wed
42、nesday可知，这里应该用将来时，故选B。21.Could you please tell me _ ?Last Tuesday.A.when we visited the art showB.when will we visit the art showC.when we will visit the art showD.when did we visit the art show【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我我们什么时候参观艺术展吗？上星期二。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序， B和D是疑问句语序，所以排除。本句主句Could you please tell me是一般现在
43、时，could是委婉语气，可知从句时态由从句的语境和时间状语决定。根据回答“Last Tuesday”可知从句的时态是一般过去时，选项A 为一般过去时，选项 C为一般将来时。故选A。22.Do you know _ next Friday?Yes.Theyll go to the Summer Palace.A.where the students wentB.where the students will goC.where did the students goD.where will the students go【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道下星期五学生们要去哪里吗？知道。他们要去颐和
44、园。考查宾语从句。where the students went一般过去时，陈述句的语序；where the students will go一般将来时，陈述句的语序；where did the students go一般过去时，疑问句的语序；where will the students go一般将来时，疑问句的语序；根据时间状语“next Friday”判断句子是一般将来时，所以排除A、C；根据宾语从句要按照陈述句的语序，所以排除D，故选B。23.Alice, could you tell me _ London?Sure.Last SundayA.when Mr.Smith leftB.
45、when Mr.Smith will leaveC.when did Mr.Smith leaveD.when will Mr.Smith leave【答案】A【解析】句意：爱丽丝，你能告诉我史米斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗？当然可以。上星期天。根据could you tell me _? 可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项C/D是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据Last Sunday，可知这里指的是过去的时间，时态用一般过去时。故选A。24.Can you tell me to _ London?Sure.Next month.A.when you will travelB.when will you travelC.when you travelledD.when did you travel【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我什么时候去伦敦旅行好吗？当然可以，下个月。考查宾语从句。由回答中的next month可知用一般将来时态，宾语从句用陈述句语