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1、Discovering Useful StructuresUNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGELead-inListentoanEnglishsongandtrytofillintheblanks.I_withashadowoverheadI_withacloudabovemybedIhavebeenlonelyforsolongTrappedinthepast,IjustcantseemtomoveonI_allmyhopesanddreamsawayJustincaseIeverneedthemagainsomedayI_asidetimetoclearalittles
2、paceinthecornersofmymindhavebeenlivinghavebeensleepinghavebeenhidinghavebeensettingThePresentPerfectContinuousTenseTimeadverbialContentsThestructureofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseThreeusagesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseThecomparisonbetweenthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseandthethepresentperfe
3、cttenseIndeed,thankstothegoodideasoflotsofpeople,manypeoplearoundtheworldhavebeenenjoyingcitycentrestreetswithoutcarsformanyyears.Hehasbeenfightingwithafriendrecently.Ihavebeenlookingforajobforthreemonths.IhavebeenwritinglettersallthiseveningandIvejustfinishedthem.Youhaventbeendoingyourhomeworkthose
4、days.Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.ObserveanddiscoverThestructureSummarize:(1)现在完成进行时的构成:肯定形式ave/hasbeendoing(句);否定形式have/hasnotbeendoi(句)。(2)现在完成进行时表示动作开始于过去,并一直持续到现在,动作有可能继续进行下去,也可能刚刚结束(句)。(3)现在完成进行时也可以带有某种感情色彩(句)。have/hasbeendoinghave/hasnotbeendoing刚刚结束带有某种感情色彩1.Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanho
5、ur.2.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.3.IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincethreeyearsago.现在完成进行时态表示动作还未结束,还要继续现在完成进行时态表示动作还未结束,还要继续下去。下去。其其动作是否继续下去,则由动作是否继续下去,则由上下文上下文而定。这个时态多用于而定。这个时态多用于动词动词,如如live,learn,lie,stay,sit,wait,stand,rest,study等。等。持续持续延续性延续性Threeusagesofthepresentperfectcontinu
6、oustense(1)动作还将继续下去动作还将继续下去动作发生在过去,刚终止,不再继续下去。动作发生在过去,还将继续下去。补充以下几类动词不能用于现在完成进行时:表示感官、感觉:see,hear,smell等;表示爱憎:love,prefer,mind等;表示希望、意愿:wish,want,desire等;表示相信、猜想:believe,think,suppose等;非延续性动词。1.Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine.2.Hehasbeenpromisingtohelpyou.Hasnthedoneit?3.I_(take)pa
7、rtinracesforaboutfouryears.4.Jack_(phone)Janeeverynightforthelastweek.表示动作并不是一直不停地进行,而是在表示动作并不是一直不停地进行,而是在断断续续地断断续续地 。havebeentakinghasbeenphoning重复重复Threeusagesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense(2)1.Tomhasalwaysbeenworkinghard.2.Youhavebeencoughingalotlately!3.Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?带有带
8、有 ,使语言表达更加生动。,使语言表达更加生动。Whatkindofemotiondoesthewriterexpressinthesesentences?赞许关切不满感情色彩感情色彩Threeusagesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense(3)Hehasbeenwritinganovel,whichwillbefinishednextmonth.Hehaswrittenanovel,whichisbeingpreparedtocomeoutnow.Ihavebeenvisitingmyhometownrecently,anditimpressesmediff
9、erentlyeachtime.Ihavevisitedmyhometownrecently,whosechangeshaveleftadeepimpressiononme.A:比较句子比较句子,_强调强调动作未完成动作未完成(一直一直);而;而_强调动作强调动作已经结束已经结束(已经已经)。hashavebeendoinghashavedoneB:比较句子比较句子,_强调强调动作的重复动作的重复,_可以表示可以表示一次性动作一次性动作。hashavebeendoinghashavedoneThecomparisonbetweenthepresentperfectcontinuoustense
10、andthethepresentperfecttenseC:比较句子比较句子,_表示一种表示一种感情色彩感情色彩;_则则陈述一种事实陈述一种事实。Recentlyshehasalwaysbeenhelpingme.Recentlyshehashelpedmealot.hashavebeendoinghashavedoneD:比较句子比较句子_强调动作行为的强调动作行为的结果、结果、影响影响,而,而_只强调只强调动作行为本身动作行为本身。Therepairmanhasbeenrepairingthecaralltheafternoon.Therepairmanhasrepairedyourcar
11、,andyoucanhaveitnow.hashavebeendoinghashavedonesince/by+过去时间点before+现在时间点for+时间段thesedaysinthepastfewdays/months/years最近:latelyrecently已经:already到目前为止:yet,sofar,uptonow/till,bythetimeof+时间点现在完成时常用的时间状语现在完成进行时+表示“持续”的时间状语:allthetime,thisweek/month,allnight/morning,severaltimes,for,sinceTimeadverbialS
12、ummary现在完成现在完成进行时进行时结构结构用法用法时间时间状语状语现在完成时和现在完成时和现在完成进行现在完成进行时的区别时的区别have/has+been+doing1.表示动作从过去某一时刻开表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直始一直持续到现在持续到现在,甚至将,甚至将来,强调进行的过程来,强调进行的过程。2.表示从过去到现在的一段时表示从过去到现在的一段时间间反复进行反复进行的动作或存在的的动作或存在的状态。状态。allthetimethisweekallnightthesefewdaysfor,since动作延续性动作延续性/完成?完成?动作重复动作重复/一次性一次性结果结果/行为本身
13、行为本身有无感情有无感情3.表示表示感情色彩感情色彩Readeachsituationandrewriteeachsentenceusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.(P41)1.Thedogstartedtobarkabouttwohoursago.Ireallyhopeitwillstopsoon._2.Stevestartedtoplayrugbyattheageofeight.Nowhehasbecomeaprofessionalplayer._Thedoghasbeenbarkingforabouttwohours.狗一直犬吠了大约两个小时。狗
14、一直犬吠了大约两个小时。Stevehasbeenplayingrugbysincetheageofeight.史蒂夫自八岁以来一直打橄榄球。史蒂夫自八岁以来一直打橄榄球。3.Timmyisholdingatabletennisbatandhisshorthairisdampwithsweat.Helooksalittletiredafterplayingtabletennisfortwohours._4.Dianehasntgotmuchsleepthisweek.Shelooksterribletoday._5.Itriedtophoneyouthismorning.Imusthavetri
15、edadozentimesbeforeIcaughtyouhere._Helooksalittletiredbecausehehasbeenplayingtabletennisfortwohours.他看起来有点累因为他一直打乒乓球达两个小时了。他看起来有点累因为他一直打乒乓球达两个小时了。Dianehasntbeensleepingwellthisweek.戴安娜这个星期一直没睡好。戴安娜这个星期一直没睡好。Ihavebeentryingtophoneyouthismorning.我今天早上一直试图给你打电话。我今天早上一直试图给你打电话。Completethesentencesbelowu
16、singthecorrecttensesoftheverbsinbrackets.Thenexplainyourreasonstoyourpartner.1.Forthewholemorning,theboardofthedirectors_(discuss)theresolutiontoincreasewagesinthecomingyear.一整个早上,董事会一直在讨论来年涨工资的决议。一整个早上,董事会一直在讨论来年涨工资的决议。2.Jasonsonlyrecreationispainting.He_(learn)howtopaintforoverfiveyears.贾森唯一的娱乐就是画
17、画。他一直在学如何画画达五年多时间了。贾森唯一的娱乐就是画画。他一直在学如何画画达五年多时间了。3.Eventhoughwelostthegame,weshouldbeproudofourselvesbecausewe_(try)ourbestand_(work)asateam.尽管我们输掉了比赛,我们应该为我们自己自豪,因为我们尽了我们的尽管我们输掉了比赛,我们应该为我们自己自豪,因为我们尽了我们的最大努力和团队进行了合作。最大努力和团队进行了合作。hasbeendiscussinghasbeenlearningtriedworked4.Hefinally_(finish)theresear
18、chpaperunderhistutorsguidance.他终于在他的导师指导之下完成了研究论文。他终于在他的导师指导之下完成了研究论文。5.MynephewSam_(collect)comicbookssincehewasfive.Nowhehasmorethantwohundredofthem.我的侄子萨姆自他五岁以来一直在收集连环画。现在他有超过两百我的侄子萨姆自他五岁以来一直在收集连环画。现在他有超过两百本了。本了。6.Thecompany_/_/_(launch)anadvertisingcampaigntopromoteitscorporateimage.这家公司正在发起这家公司
19、正在发起/已经发起了已经发起了/发起过一个广告活动来提升公司的发起过一个广告活动来提升公司的形象。形象。finishedhasbeencollectingislaunchinghaslaunchedlaunched完成句子Shehasalwaysbeenworkinghardrecently.最近她工作一直很努力。Hereyesarered.Itsobviousthatshehasbeencryingforalongtime.她的眼睛红红的,显然她哭了很长时间。IthasbeensnowingsincelastSunday.从上星期天开始就一直在下雪。Your clothes are cove
20、red with dust.You have been cleaning theclassroom,Ithink.你的衣服满是灰尘,我想你一直在打扫教室吧。MysisterhasbeenlearningEnglishsince2016.自从2016年以来,我姐姐一直在学英语。hasalwaysbeenworkinghardhasbeencryinghasbeensnowingclassroomhavebeencleaningthehasbeenlearningEnglish用所给词的适当形式填空Althoughmanymeasureshavebeentaken(take),theworldse
21、conomyisstillgoingdown.Youshouldgotobed.Youhavebeenwatching(watch)TVfor5hours.Ihavebeencleaning(clean)thewindowssincethismorning.Sorry,butMrSmithhasleft(leave)forBeijing.Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehehasbeenplaying(play)inthemudallthemorning.Bythetimeherealiseshehaswalked(walk)intoatrap,itllbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.havebeentakenhavebeenwatchinghavebeencleaninghaslefthasbeenplayinghaswalked