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1、UNIT4 JOURNEY ACROSS A UNIT4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LANDVAST LANDDiscover useful structureDiscover useful structure过去分词作表语和状语目录：一、过去分词作表语 1意义 2过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 3动词ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别二、过去分词(短语)作状语 1意义 2过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置 3 过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况 4动词ing形式与过去分词作状语的区别观察例句1The girls were amazed to see such an open
2、 country.2Do you feel frightened when going into the wilderness alone?3Seen from the top of the mountain，the scenery was really fascinating.4Finally，the companyheaded by its new managerstarted to make a profit.归纳用法1例句1中的amazed和例句2中的frightened为过去分词作表语。2例句3中的Seen和例句4中的headed为过去分词作状语，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，
3、往往含有完成的意思。一、过去分词作表语1意义位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。She她看上去很失望。looked disappointed2过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The cup杯子碎了。(系表结构)The cup by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)was brokenis broken3动词动词ing形式与
4、过去分词作表语的区别形式与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到的”动词ing形式表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”They became so that they stayed awake all night.他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。The situation became so that something should be done at once.形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。worriedworrying二、过去分词(短语)作状语1意义意义过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时
5、的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。2过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语的句法功能和位置作状语的句法功能和位置(1)过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。When offered help，one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you”Given another chance，I will do it much better.Greatly inspired by what he
6、 did，I joined him in helping others.The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(时间状语时间状语)(条件状语条件状语)(原因状语原因状语)(伴随状语伴随状语)(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。He stood there silently，.to tears，he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。m
7、oved to tearsMoved3过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语的几种情况作状语的几种情况(1)过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain，the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。When it is seen from the top of the moun
8、tainAs he is encouraged by the progress he has made(2)过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room，followed by two students后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。and was followed by two studentsand was locked in his study(3)过去分词作状语可与与
9、之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语。Even if I am invited，I will not take part in the party.即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。Unless you are asked to speak，you should remain silent at the meeting.除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。Even if invitedUnless asked to speak(4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的
10、主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。The test finished，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假了。More time given，we could have done it much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。4动词ing形式与过去分词作状语的区别动词ing形式与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。(1)动词ing形式作状语时，动词ing形式的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是
11、主动关系。动词ing形式动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果动词ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest.完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more att
12、ention，the trees could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，这些树本来能够长得更好一些。Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。.单句语法填空1Both he and I are (satisfy)with the result.2The news was and they were all at it.(excite)3We all felt at the news.(encourage)4When (face)with difficulties，we mus
13、t try to overcome them.5If (give)better attention，the serious accident could have been avoided.satisfied exciting encouraged encouragingexcited facedgiven 6The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，(allow)more patients to be treated.7 (found)in the early 20th century，the school keeps
14、on inspiring childrens love of art.8Much time (spend)sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.9 (absorb)in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.10 (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.allowingAbsorbedFoundedspentRaised