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1、MiddleSchoolEnglishCourseware-ExplanationofCATALOGUE目录ClassificationofNounsThenumberofnounsThepossessivecaseofnounsUsageofNouns01ClassificationofNouns0102ProperterminologyExample:John,New York,UnitedStates,WorldCupProper nouns are names ofspecificpersons,places,organizations,events,etc.Theyareusuall
2、ycapitalized.Commonnounsareusedtorefertoaclassofthingsorpeoplewithoutspecifyingaparticularindividual.Example:car,dog,teacher,studentCommonnounCountablenounCountablenounsarenounsthatcanbecounted.Theyhavesingularandpluralforms.Example:onecar,twocars;onedog,twodogsUncountablenounUncountablenounsarenoun
3、sthatcannotbecounted.Theydonothaveapluralform.Example:milk,bread,rice,water02ThenumberofnounsCountablenounsarenounsthatcanbecountedormeasured.Theyhaveapluralformandcanbeusedwitharticles(a/an)ornumbers.Forexample,cat,dog,apple,andcarareallcountablenouns.Countablenounscanalsobemodifiedbyadjectivestode
4、scribespecificcharacteristicsorqualities.Forexample,bigcat,redapple,andfastcar.ThenumberofcountablenounsUncountablenounsarenounsthatcannotbecountedormeasured.Theydonothaveapluralformandcannotbeusedwitharticles(a/an)ornumbers.Forexample,milk,bread,rice,andmoneyarealluncountablenouns.Uncountablenounsc
5、anbemodifiedbyadjectives,buttheycannotbeusedwiththeindefinitearticle(a/an).Forexample,goodmilk,freshbread,hotrice,andenoughmoney.ThenumberofuncountablenounsCollectivenounsCollectivenounsareusedtodescribegroupsofpeopleorthings.Theyaresingularinformbutrefertoagroupofindividuals.Forexample,family,team,
6、andgovernment.MaterialnounsMaterialnounsareusedtodescribematerialsorsubstances.Theyareuncountableandcannotbemodifiedbyadjectives.Forexample,wood,metal,andcotton.AbstractnounsAbstractnounsareusedtodescribeideas,concepts,orqualitiesthatcannotbeseenortouched.Theyareuncountableandcannotbemodifiedbyadjec
7、tives.Forexample,happiness,love,andwisdom.Specialformsofnouns03ThepossessivecaseofnounsThepossessivecaseisusedtoshowownershipofsomething.Itisformedbyaddinganstotheendofthenoun.Forexample,JohnscarmeansthatthecarbelongstoJohn.Thepossessivecaseisalsousedwithpluralnounsthatendins.Forexample,thegirlsbike
8、smeansthatthebikesbelongtothegirls.PossessivecaseVSTheprepositionofisoftenusedwiththepossessivecase.Forexample,thehouseoftheSmithsmeansthatthehousebelongstotheSmithfamily.Theuseofofwiththepossessivecasecanbehelpfulinclarifyingownershiportoavoidconfusion.OfpossessivecaseThedoublegenitiveisaconstructi
9、onwheretwogenitivecasesareusedtogether.Forexample,thewifeofthemanmeansthatthewifebelongstotheman.Thedoublegenitiveisoftenusedtoshowpossessioninamoreformalorliterarycontext.Itcanalsobeusedtoemphasizethepossessionortocreateaspecificmeaningoremphasis.doublegenitive04UsageofNounsSummaryWhenanounisusedas
10、thesubjectofasentence,ittypicallyappearsatthebeginning,followedbytheverb.Itrepresentstheperson,place,thing,orideathatisperformingtheactiondescribedbytheverb.ExampleThecatsatonthemat.Inthissentence,catisthesubject,representingtheanimalthatissitting.AsthesubjectWhomisaquestionwordusedtoaskabouttheobje
11、ctofaverborpreposition.Itisalwaysasubjectivecomplementandfollowstheverborpreposition.Imetthemanwhomyourecommended.Inthissentence,whomreferstothemanwhowasrecommendedbythesubject.SummaryExampleWhomSummaryWhenanounisusedwithanadjective,itmodifiesordescribesthenounscharacteristicsorqualities.Theadjectiv
12、eappearsbeforeorafterthenoun,dependingonthecontextandemphasis.要点一要点二ExampleThebigdogchasedthecat.Inthissentence,bigisanadjectivemodifyingdogtodescribeitssize.adjAsanattributiveAnouncanbeusedasanattribute,orcomplement,tomodifyordescribeanothernoun.Itfollowsthemodifiednounandisseparatedbyacommaorotherpunctuationmarks.SummaryThebook,writtenbyJohn,wasabestseller.Inthissentence,writtenbyJohnisanattributemodifyingbooktospecifyitsauthor.ExampleTHANKS感谢观看