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1、MiddleSchoolEnglishCourseware-Explanationof目录CONTENTSClassificationofNounsThenumberofnounsThecaseofanounThenatureofnounsUsageofNouns01ClassificationofNouns0102ProperterminologyExample:John,New York,MountEverestProper nouns are names ofspecific persons,places,orthings.Theyarealwayscapitalized.Commonn
2、ounsareusedtorefertoaclassofthingsratherthanaspecificinstance.Example:car,dog,flowerCommonnounCountablenounsarenounsthatcanbecounted.Theyhavesingularandpluralforms.Example:book,cat,appleCountablenounUncountablenounsarenounsthatcannotbecounted.Theydonothaveapluralform.Example:milk,bread,riceUncountab
3、lenoun02ThenumberofnounsAsingularnounisaformofanounthatisusedtorepresentasingleobject,person,oridea.Inthesingularform,thenounisnotaccompaniedbyanysuffixesoradditionalwordstoindicatethatitreferstoonlyoneinstanceoftheobject,person,oridea.Thesingularformisalsousedwhenreferringtoaspecificindividualoruni
4、queentity.singularformThepluralformofanounisusedtorepresentmorethanoneinstanceoftheobject,person,oridea.Toformtheplural,mostnounsadd-sor-estotheendoftheword,dependingonthetypeofnoun.Somenounshaveirregularpluralforms,whichdonotfollowtheregular-sor-espattern.Theseirregularpluralformsmustbelearnedandme
5、morized.PluralformTherearesomenounsthathavespecialpluralformsthatdonotfollowtheregular-sor-espattern.Thesespecialpluralformsareusuallyrelatedtothehistoryororiginoftheword,ortheymaybeinfluencedbyotherfactors.Someexamplesofspecialpluralformsincludeoxen(pluralofox),children(pluralofchild),andwomen(plur
6、alofwoman).Specialformsofplural03Thecaseofanoun NominativecaseNominativecaseisusedwhenthenounisthesubjectofasentence.Itisalsousedwhenthenounisthedirectobjectofaverborpreposition.Example:Thecatsatonthemat.Inthissentence,catisinthenominativecaseasitisthesubjectofthesentence.Possessivecaseisusedtoshowp
7、ossessionorownership.Itisformedbyaddinganapostropheandanstotheendofthenoun.Example:Thecatsmat.Inthisphrase,catsisinthepossessivecaseasitshowspossessionofthematbythecat.PossessivecaseThenominativecaseisusedwhenthenounisthesubjectordirectobjectofasentenceorpreposition,whilethepossessivecaseisusedtosho
8、wpossessionorownership.Thenominativecasedoesnotchangetheformofthenoun,whilethepossessivecaseaddsanapostropheandanstotheendofthenoun.Differencebetweennominativeandpossessivecase04ThenatureofnounsAmasculinenounisanounthatistypicallyassociatedwithmaleindividualsorthings.InEnglish,masculinenounsusuallye
9、ndin-man,-or,or-er.Forexample,policeman,actor,andteacheraremasculinenouns.masculinenounMasculinenounsareoftenassociatedwithstrength,aggression,andleadership.masculinenoun01she-noun02Ashe-nounisanounthatistypicallyassociatedwithfemaleindividualsorthings.InEnglish,she-nounsusuallyendin-ess,-a,or-ie.Fo
10、rexample,actress,lady,andgirlfriendareshe-nouns.03She-nounsareoftenassociatedwithsoftness,delicacy,andnurturing.masculinenounVSAneutralnounisanounthatdoesnothaveaspecificgenderassociation.Itcanbeusedtorefertomale,female,ornon-genderedindividualsorthings.Forexample,person,child,andanimalareneutralnou
11、ns.Neutralnounsareoftenusedincontextswheregenderisnotrelevantordoesnotmatter.Neutralnoun05UsageofNounsSummaryWhenanounisusedasthesubjectofasentence,ittypicallyappearsatthebeginning,followedbytheverb.Itrepresentstheperson,place,thing,orideathatthesentenceisabout.ExampleThecatsatonthemat.Inthissentenc
12、e,catisthesubject,representingtheanimalthatissitting.AsthesubjectWhomisapronounusedastheobjectofaverborpreposition.Itreplacesthenameofapersonorthingandisalwaysintheobjectivecase.Igavethebooktowhom.Inthissentence,whomreplacesJohn,thepersonwhoreceivedthebook.SummaryExampleWhomSummaryWhenanounisusedwit
13、hanadjective,itmodifiesordescribesthenounscharacteristicsorqualities.Theadjectiveappearsbeforeorafterthenoun,dependingonthespecificusage.ExampleThebigcat(adjectivebigmodifyingcat)orThecatisbig(adjectivebigmodifyingthesubjectcat).adjComplementAcomplementisanounornounphrasethatcompletesthemeaningofaverborotherpartofthesentence.Itprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobject.SummarySheisateacher.Inthissentence,teacherisacomplementthatcompletesthemeaningoftheverbis,providinginformationaboutwhatkindofpersonsheis.ExampleTHANKS感谢您的观看