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1、介词短语在句中分析与翻译的实例0336o In 1664 the great English diarist, John Evelyn, published, with the approval of the Royal Society of London, a book Sylva or a Discourse of Forest Trees in which one sees, perhaps for the first time, a realization that trees, then so important in the construction of ships, were
2、indeed becoming sadly depleted and that something urgently needed to be done by way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future.1664.年，英国伟大的日记作家J Evelyn,经伦敦皇家学会批 准出版了一部森林志，即林木论。在这本著作中，人们可以说是 第一次了解到一个现实：当时.，在造船业中如此重要的树木的确正在 悲惨地遭到浩劫；必须采取紧急措施，通过认真植树以便确保未来有 足够的树木。（with. London介词短语作条件状语修饰publi
3、shed, 其宾语是a book。在which定语从句中，one泛指人们。a realization 是谓语sees的宾语。so important in. ship是非限定性定语,用 来修饰trees。句中两个that均引导同位语从句用来揭示 realization的概念内涵。）37. As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized, more and more of its magnetic domains line up, with their north poles all pointing inone direction
4、 and their south poles in the opposite direction.随着材料的磁性变强，材料中越来越多的磁畴便会排列起来，其 N极均指向一个方向，而S极则指向相反的方向。（介词复合结构 with. 一用来对主句中的谓语lineup进行补充说明。）38. Since the earth is slightly flattened at its poles, the distance of its surface at the north pole or south pole from its center is less than that at the equat
5、or.由于地球的两极略为扁平，所以南北两 极地表面离地心的距离比赤道地表面离地心的距离要近一些。 （distancefrom., “离的距离“。that 代替 distance。）39. Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy, particularly since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively clear atmosphere.太阳能似乎比任何其他能
6、源更有希望，尤其是因为这些迫切需要 水的地区离赤道很近，那里有较清洁的大气。（lie和have是两个谓 语，主语是those areaso most in need of water 为介词短语作定 语彳修饰 areaso ） 40. For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of combining various metals into alloys with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes.长期以来，人们一直在寻找把各种金属熔成合金的可
7、能性，其目 的在于为某些用途获得更好的材料。（witho viewto., “以为 目的”，“为起见”，是短语介词，引出的介词短语起目的状语作用。）41. It means reorganising them on democratic lines, with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned, loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating
8、their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole.这意味着：要以民主的方式，由有关工会的工人和技术员所组成 的管理董事会来改组各项工业。这些工人和技术员作为社会改革的一 支力量要忠实于国有化这一观念，同时他们必须按照由作为整体的社 会用民主方法制定的全国性计划来管理各工业。（on. lines, “按 照方针，办法”，作状语。with. concerned介词短语作状语，用来修饰动名词reorganisingo Made up of.过去分词短语作定
9、语修饰boardso loyal. changes为形容词短语修饰workers and technicianso as force for social changes 是 “工人和技术员” 的同位语，operating. as a whole为现在分词短语作定语，也是 用来修饰workers and technidanso它是与形容词短语loyal。.是 并列关系。arrive at作出（决定），得出（结论）等。句中arrived at. whole是过去分词短语作定语修饰plan。）42. Thirty-five seconds into the flight, with the sol
10、id rockets pumping out maximum power, Challengerlike all its predecessorswas undergoing severe aerodynamic stress.“挑战者”号在其固体燃料助推火箭发出最大推力的推动下，飞 行了 35秒后，同以前的航天飞机一样，正在承受着巨大的空气动力 的压力。（with the solid.复合结构用作状语，有条件意味。）43. A gas, such as steam （water vapor） in the cylinder of asteam engine , has neither def
11、tnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and volume of the container.气体，例如蒸汽机汽缸中的水蒸气，既无一定的形状，也无一定 的体积。气体的形状和体积是随着容器的形状和体积的改变而变化的。 （change. with,随而变化“。）44. Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that th
12、e common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into mold, and to the fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals.金属在工业中之所以得到广泛的应用，不仅是由于它们具有上述 这些性能，而且还由于普通的金属可以通过加工和铸造而形成所需要 的制品，同时还由于金属的特性可通过与其他金属熔成合金而显著地 改变。（due to, “由于 o to thes
13、e properties, to the fact, and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中两个that均引出同位语 从句。）45. Newton generalized the idea by supposing that any two particles in the universe gravitate towards each other witha force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly as the product of their masses.宇宙中任意两个质点均以某种力在相互吸引，该力与两质点之间 距离的平方成反比，而与它们质量的乘积成正比，牛顿就是通过这一 假设概括了这种思想。（with a force varying.为介词复合结构， 用作状语，说明 gravitate。vary directly as., “与成正比“。vary inverselyas, “与成反比“。）