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1、雅思写作和口语短语归纳（环境）1dispose of处理掉，扔掉Some waste is disposed of under the sea.一些废物被扔到了海中。disposable一次性的（用品等）It seems efforts to restrain the use of disposable chopsticks face many obstacles.看起来反对使用一次性筷子的计划面临着许多障碍。2vicious circle 恶性循环She got caught in a vicious circle of dieting and weight gain.她陷入到了节食和增重的
2、恶性循环里。adverse effect 负面影响The policy may have adverse effects on the economy.这项政策可能对经济有反作用。destruction of ecosystems or the extinction of wildlife.生态恶化意味着环境的变坏、生态的毁灭和野生动物的灭绝。17oil shortage石油短缺War sometimes creates artificial oil shortages for many countries.战争在很多国家中造成了人为的石油短缺。be in short supply处在短缺状态
3、中Raw materials are in short supply.原材料的供给处于短缺状态。18fossil fuel化石燃料（主要是指媒、石油与天然气）Tempreture climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossi fuel proliferated.在二十世纪，由于化石燃料的大量使用导致温度更快地上升。solar energy 太阳能Many houses started using solar panels in order to utilise solar energy.许多房屋都开始使用太阳
4、能面板来利用太阳能。wind energy 风能Wind energy is clean energy that produces no emissions.风能是一种不排放有害污染物的清洁能源。19noise pollution噪声污染People who live close to airports all understand what noise pollution means because they have been exposed to excessive noise.住在机场附近的人都理解噪声污染，因为他们每天都暴露在噪声中。light pollution 光污染The ad
5、verse effects of light pollution are multiple, some of them may be not known yet.光污染造成的负面影响有很多，有些甚至是不为人知的。20get on ones nerves （琐事、噪声等）让人很心烦The beeping noise from the computer really got on my nerves .电脑发出的哗哗声实在是让我很心烦。is a nuisance令人厌烦的事物The dogs next door are a total nuisance.隔壁的那只狗实在应人厌烦的家伙。3Non-b
6、iodegradable material 生物不可降解材料Non-biodegradable material does not decay or dissolve away by natural forces.由生物不可降解材料制成的物品不会因自然力而腐烂或溶解。reusable / recyclable material可以被重复利用的材料When recyclable material is not disposed of correctly, it may add to the mass of polluting waste.当可回收材料物品被处理不当时，那可能会给污染治理带来更大的
7、麻 烦。pollution reduction 减少污染Long-term traffic and pollution reduction would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.长期的交通和污染的减少取决于教育公众更多地使用公共交通，也取 决于政府使用公共资金去 建立并运行更加有效的公交体系。4use sth wastefully浪费某种资源Ele
8、ctricity is often used wastefully.电能经常被浪费。hydro-electric power 水电Clean sources of energy include solar, wind, hydro-electric and nuclear power.清洁能源包括太阳能、风能、水能和核能。5the biosphere （地球上的）生物圈Scientists are wondering what effects global warming will have on the biosphere.科学家们好奇全球变暖会给生态环境带来怎样的影响。endangered
9、 species 濒危物种40% of the species on Earth are endangered species, which means they are at risk of becoming extinct.地球上40%的物种是濒危物种，这意味着他们正在面临灭绝。equilibrium平衡的较正式表达Destruction of old material and formation of new material are in permanent dynamic.旧成分的破坏与新成分的生成处在一种持续不的动态平衡里。ozone layer 臭氧层Scientists hav
10、e been worried about the hole in the ozonejayer which appeared over Antarctica.科学家们对南极上空出现的臭氧空洞十分担忧。the atmosphere 大气层These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.这些工厂向大气排放了很多有毒气体。7cause irreversible damage导致不可逆转的破坏In some countries, air pollution is causing irreversible damage to t
11、he environirent.在一些国家，大气污染会对环境做出一些不可逆转的破坏。be permanently damaged遭到永久性的破坏The ecosystem that plays a part in natural processes such as climate or the food chain may be permanently damaged.在自然界中一旦食物链或气候发生永久性的破坏，生物系统就要扮演 起重要角色。8global warming 全球变暖Scientists and environmental activists continue to argue
12、over the seriousness of global warming.科学家们和环境主义者们持续讨论着全球变暖对人们所造成的严重 后果。greenhouse effect 温室效应The greenhouse effect is a complicated process by which the earth is becoming progressively warmer.温室效应是一个复杂的过程，它循序渐进地让地球慢慢变暖。9car emissions汽车的尾气排放Cities across the UK are cracking down on air pollution by
13、enforcing strict car emission control.英国的大小城市都在通过实施严格的汽车尾气限制条例来削减大气 污染。exhaust fumes汽车尾气Exhaust fumes contain carbon monoxide and can be extremely dangerous.汽车尾气中含有的一氧化碳是极度危险的气体。respiratory diseases 呼吸系统疾病Britain has the highest death rates from respiratory diseases in Europe. 英国拥有欧洲最高的呼吸系统疾病的死亡率。10
14、soil erosion 土壤侵蚀Accelerated soil erosion by water or wind may affect both agricultural areas and the natural environment.由水或风造成的土壤风化加速可能会同时影响到农业地区的自然环 境。desertification n.沙漠化Desertification is the process by which land changes into desert.沙漠化是指土地不断变成沙漠的过程。groundwater n.地下水Most concern over groundwa
15、ter contamination has centered on pollution caused by human activities.大多数的关于地下水污染的担忧都集中在了对人类行为所造成的污 染上。seawater desalination 海水淡化Seawater desalination involves removing the salt from water to make it drinkable.海水淡化是指去除海水中的盐分，使其可以饮用。11chemical fertiliser 化学肥料，化肥Even though chemical fertilisers can m
16、ake the plants grow well, they may cause health problems for us and reduce our quality of life.尽管化肥能使作物良好生长，但它们同时可以对我们的健康构成 威 胁。pesticide n.杀虫剂Recent studies have linked breast cancer to pesticides used on fruits.最新的研究表明用在水果上的杀虫剂会导致乳腺癌。12acid rain 酸雨Acid rain is causing immense damage to tropical ra
17、in forests.酸雨给热带雨林带来了巨大的损害。be saturated with过度饱和,充斥着The air has been saturated with harmful chemicals, dust and other contaminants.空气中饱含着有害化学物质、尘埃和其他污染物。13upset the ecosystem 扰乱生态系统The Gulf of Mexico oil spill has greatly upset the ecosystem.墨西哥湾漏油事件是对生态系统的一次极大打击。redress the ecological balance 恢复生态平
18、衡In these circumstances, government intervention is important to redress the ecological balance.在这种情况，政府对恢复生态平衡所做出的努力就显得至关重要。14industrial waste 工业废料Despite opposition from environmentalist groups, industrial waste continues to pollute the rivers, lakes and oceans.尽管遭到了环保主义团体的反对，工业废料还是在源源不断地继续 污染着河流、
19、湖泊和大海。discharge v排放Large amounts of industrial waste are discharged daily by the factory. 这家工厂每天都要排放大量的工业废品。15at the expense of sth. / sb.以代价They accused BP of pursuing profit atjheAexpense of the environment.花们指责英国石油公司是在牺牲环境的基础上追求赢利的。at the cost of sth.以为代价Sometimes pets may take up too much of a persons attention at the cost of his/her family life.有些时候宠物会占据主人太多的注意力，以至于主 人以牺牲家庭生 活为代价来宠爱它们。16natural disaster 自然灾害A natural disaster can affect the lives of thousands of people.一次自然灾害影响到上千人的生命。ecological degradation 生态恶化Ecological degradation means the deterioration of the environment, the