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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.American Football A Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,545WritingDo you believe American football is too rough for children under age fourteen?Why or why not?Write a persuasive essay using information from the book to support your ans
2、wer.MathResearch the Super Bowl winners from the beginning of the competition to today.Graph the results to determine which team has won the most Super Bowls.What conclusions can you draw about the team on the basis of your graph?Share your conclusions.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Kira FreedAm
3、erican FootballLEVELED BOOK XLEVELED BOOK Xwww.readinga-What makes American football the most popular sport in the United States?Focus QuestionWritten by Kira FreedAmerican Football American Football Spectacular Sports Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kira FreedAll rights reserved.www.read
4、inga-advocatedamateurdominatesend zoneoffensive lineplatoonpossessionspecializedspectatorsstrategiesultimatevyingWords to KnowFront cover:A New Orleans Saints player(black and gold)makes a catch as the Philadelphia Eagles(green and white)try to block it in 2009.Back cover:Tampa Bay and San Francisco
5、 compete at RaymondJames Stadium in Tampa,Florida.Page 3:Kansas City Chiefs defense(red)apply pressure to the San Diego Chargers quarterback(blue),who throws the ball to avoid being tackled.Photo Credits:Front cover:PCN Photography/Alamy;back cover:Bill Bachmann/Alamy;title page:Willard/iStock/Think
6、stock;page 3:David Eulitt/Kansas City Star/MCT/Alamy Live News;page 4:Bettmann/Corbis;page 5:Americanspirit/D;page 7:Pongphan Ruengchai/iStock/Thinkstock;page 8:Roberto E.Rosales/Albuquerque Journal/Zuma Wire/Alamy Live News;page 9(left):Gizelka/iStock/Thinkstock;page 9(right):numb/Alamy;page 10:Her
7、bert Kratky/123RF;page 11:Eugene_Onischenko/iStock/Thinkstock;page 13:Everett Collection Inc/Alamy;page 14(left):Zuma Press,Inc./Alamy;page 14(center,right):Jerry Coli/D;page 15(left):Bo Bridges/Corbis;page 15(right):David Stluka/AP PhotoCorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15Ame
8、rican Football Level XFootball FansThere are many ways for students to play football.Communities or schools often have youth leagues where students compete in tackle football.There are also other forms of the game,such as touch football and flag football,that arent as physically rough as tackle foot
9、ball.Many fans of the sport would rather remain spectators.Football fans have many ways of showing their love of the game.Some bundle up and endure below-freezing temperatures to watch their team play.Others dress in outrageous clothes or paint their faces in their teams colors.Fans may also wear it
10、ems that match their teams theme,such as a cowboy hat for the Dallas Cowboys or a yellow beak and feathery red crest for the Arizona Cardinals.Whether youre a fan or a player,this beloved American sport offers great fun and plenty of excitement for everyone.Football fans show their dedication to the
11、ir favorite team.16Glossaryadvocated(v.)supported or recommended(p.13)amateur(adj.)not professional;done as a hobby(p.5)dominates(v.)has continuing power or a commanding presence over something or someone(p.5)end zone(n.)the area at the end of an American football field between the goal line and the
12、 end line(p.4)offensive line(n.)part of a football team that blocks the defense so the ball carrier can score (p.8)platoon(n.)a group of players on a team who work together for a specific purpose,such as offense or defense in American football(p.8)possession(n.)control or ownership of something (p.8
13、)specialized(adj.)created,designed,and made to perform a certain task(p.10)spectators(n.)people who watch an event without taking part(p.15)strategies(n.)careful plans for solving problems or achieving goals(p.11)ultimate(adj.)the best or greatest;coming or taking place at the end(p.4)vying(v.)compe
14、ting(p.4)www.readinga-What makes American football the most popular sport in the United States?Focus QuestionWritten by Kira FreedAmerican Football American Football Spectacular Sports Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kira FreedAll rights reserved.www.readinga-advocatedamateurdominatesend
15、zoneoffensive lineplatoonpossessionspecializedspectatorsstrategiesultimatevyingWords to KnowFront cover:A New Orleans Saints player(black and gold)makes a catch as the Philadelphia Eagles(green and white)try to block it in 2009.Back cover:Tampa Bay and San Francisco compete at RaymondJames Stadium i
16、n Tampa,Florida.Page 3:Kansas City Chiefs defense(red)apply pressure to the San Diego Chargers quarterback(blue),who throws the ball to avoid being tackled.Photo Credits:Front cover:PCN Photography/Alamy;back cover:Bill Bachmann/Alamy;title page:Willard/iStock/Thinkstock;page 3:David Eulitt/Kansas C
17、ity Star/MCT/Alamy Live News;page 4:Bettmann/Corbis;page 5:Americanspirit/D;page 7:Pongphan Ruengchai/iStock/Thinkstock;page 8:Roberto E.Rosales/Albuquerque Journal/Zuma Wire/Alamy Live News;page 9(left):Gizelka/iStock/Thinkstock;page 9(right):numb/Alamy;page 10:Herbert Kratky/123RF;page 11:Eugene_O
18、nischenko/iStock/Thinkstock;page 13:Everett Collection Inc/Alamy;page 14(left):Zuma Press,Inc./Alamy;page 14(center,right):Jerry Coli/D;page 15(left):Bo Bridges/Corbis;page 15(right):David Stluka/AP PhotoCorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15American Football Level XFootball Fan
19、sThere are many ways for students to play football.Communities or schools often have youth leagues where students compete in tackle football.There are also other forms of the game,such as touch football and flag football,that arent as physically rough as tackle football.Many fans of the sport would
20、rather remain spectators.Football fans have many ways of showing their love of the game.Some bundle up and endure below-freezing temperatures to watch their team play.Others dress in outrageous clothes or paint their faces in their teams colors.Fans may also wear items that match their teams theme,s
21、uch as a cowboy hat for the Dallas Cowboys or a yellow beak and feathery red crest for the Arizona Cardinals.Whether youre a fan or a player,this beloved American sport offers great fun and plenty of excitement for everyone.Football fans show their dedication to their favorite team.16Glossaryadvocat
22、ed(v.)supported or recommended(p.13)amateur(adj.)not professional;done as a hobby(p.5)dominates(v.)has continuing power or a commanding presence over something or someone(p.5)end zone(n.)the area at the end of an American football field between the goal line and the end line(p.4)offensive line(n.)pa
23、rt of a football team that blocks the defense so the ball carrier can score (p.8)platoon(n.)a group of players on a team who work together for a specific purpose,such as offense or defense in American football(p.8)possession(n.)control or ownership of something (p.8)specialized(adj.)created,designed
24、,and made to perform a certain task(p.10)spectators(n.)people who watch an event without taking part(p.15)strategies(n.)careful plans for solving problems or achieving goals(p.11)ultimate(adj.)the best or greatest;coming or taking place at the end(p.4)vying(v.)competing(p.4)13American Football Level
25、 XThe Birth of American FootballAmerican football began in the late nineteenth century at several North American universities.The game was related to two English games:soccer(otherwise known as association football)and rugby(short for rugby football),which is somewhat similar to soccer but played wi
26、th hands as well as feet.Two New Jersey universitiesPrinceton(then called the College of New Jersey)and Rutgersplayed a soccer-like game that other northeastern universities also started to play.However,Harvard University preferred a game that was more like rugby,and that style spread to Yale Univer
27、sity and beyond.Walter Camp,a Yale student from 1876 to 1881,is considered the“Father of American Football.”He was Yales team captain and an important member of the Intercollegiate Football Association.Camp advocated rule changes that eventually transformed the game into todays American football.At
28、first,the same players on a team played both offense and defense.The two-platoon system began in the 1940s and later became the standard.Walter Camp is the“Father of American Football.”14Football LegendsJerry Rice,the best wide receiver in football history,played for twenty seasons starting in 1985.
29、He won three Super Bowls playing for the San Francisco 49ers and set close to forty NFL records.Joe Montana,possibly footballs most gifted quarterback ever,began his NFL career in 1979 with the 49ers.When Jerry Rice joined the team in 1985,the pair made the 49ers a dominant force in the NFL for seve
30、ral years.Montana led the 49ers to four Super Bowl wins and retired after the 1994 season with numerous playoff records.Running back Walter Payton of the Chicago Bears played for thirteen seasons beginning in 1975.Chosen to play in nine Pro Bowl all-star games,Payton helped his team win the 1986 Sup
31、er Bowl.At one time,he held NFL records for most career touchdowns,rushing yards,and many other categories.Jerry RiceJoe MontanaWalter Payton3American Football Level XTable of ContentsThe Catch .4Americas Number One Sport .5Football Around the World .6Playing the Game .8The Birth of American Footbal
32、l .13Football Legends .14Football Fans .15Glossary .164The CatchThe date is January 10,1982.The Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers are playing in the National Football Conference(NFC)Championship Game,vying for a spot in the Super Bowl,American footballs ultimate game.The 49ers are down 27-2
33、1 with fifty-eight seconds left.Quarterback Joe Montana sends the ball high in the air toward the back of the end zone.Teammate Dwight Clark leaps well above the defenders and grabs it.Not only do the 49ers win the game,but they go on to win the Super Bowl championship that year,along with three add
34、itional championships over the next eight years.Thrilling last-second moments like this are why thousands of people pack stadiums and millions of fans are glued to their televisions during football season.Football is a spectacular game with fierce competitors and devoted fans.Dwight Clark makes a su
35、perhuman catch for the San Francisco 49ers in one of the all-time great moments in American football history.3American Football Level XTable of ContentsThe Catch .4Americas Number One Sport .5Football Around the World .6Playing the Game .8The Birth of American Football .13Football Legends .14Footbal
36、l Fans .15Glossary .164The CatchThe date is January 10,1982.The Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers are playing in the National Football Conference(NFC)Championship Game,vying for a spot in the Super Bowl,American footballs ultimate game.The 49ers are down 27-21 with fifty-eight seconds left.
37、Quarterback Joe Montana sends the ball high in the air toward the back of the end zone.Teammate Dwight Clark leaps well above the defenders and grabs it.Not only do the 49ers win the game,but they go on to win the Super Bowl championship that year,along with three additional championships over the n
38、ext eight years.Thrilling last-second moments like this are why thousands of people pack stadiums and millions of fans are glued to their televisions during football season.Football is a spectacular game with fierce competitors and devoted fans.Dwight Clark makes a superhuman catch for the San Franc
39、isco 49ers in one of the all-time great moments in American football history.13American Football Level XThe Birth of American FootballAmerican football began in the late nineteenth century at several North American universities.The game was related to two English games:soccer(otherwise known as asso
40、ciation football)and rugby(short for rugby football),which is somewhat similar to soccer but played with hands as well as feet.Two New Jersey universitiesPrinceton(then called the College of New Jersey)and Rutgersplayed a soccer-like game that other northeastern universities also started to play.How
41、ever,Harvard University preferred a game that was more like rugby,and that style spread to Yale University and beyond.Walter Camp,a Yale student from 1876 to 1881,is considered the“Father of American Football.”He was Yales team captain and an important member of the Intercollegiate Football Associat
42、ion.Camp advocated rule changes that eventually transformed the game into todays American football.At first,the same players on a team played both offense and defense.The two-platoon system began in the 1940s and later became the standard.Walter Camp is the“Father of American Football.”14Football Le
43、gendsJerry Rice,the best wide receiver in football history,played for twenty seasons starting in 1985.He won three Super Bowls playing for the San Francisco 49ers and set close to forty NFL records.Joe Montana,possibly footballs most gifted quarterback ever,began his NFL career in 1979 with the 49er
44、s.When Jerry Rice joined the team in 1985,the pair made the 49ers a dominant force in the NFL for several years.Montana led the 49ers to four Super Bowl wins and retired after the 1994 season with numerous playoff records.Running back Walter Payton of the Chicago Bears played for thirteen seasons be
45、ginning in 1975.Chosen to play in nine Pro Bowl all-star games,Payton helped his team win the 1986 Super Bowl.At one time,he held NFL records for most career touchdowns,rushing yards,and many other categories.Jerry RiceJoe MontanaWalter Payton11American Football Level XFootball GearFootball Gearknee
46、 padsThe defensive team uses two main strategies to stop the offensive team from scoring.Defensive players try to tackle the ball carrier,and they attempt to force fumbles and interceptions to gain possession of the ball.In order for a player to be tackled,one or both knees must touch the ground,whi
47、ch ends the play.Running out of bounds also ends the play.In both professional and college football games,actual playing time lasts for sixty minutes,which is broken into two halves and four quarters.(The playing time of high school games is shorterforty-eight minutes.)If the score is tied at the en
48、d of the sixty minutes,a fifteen-minute overtime period is added.An actual football game usually lasts around three hours;the additional time is taken up by stoppages when a player goes out of bounds,a penalty is called,or a pass is incomplete.Protective pads under players uniforms help prevent inju
49、ries.thigh padship padsshoulder padspantssocksshoes(cleats)helmetchin strapjerseygloves12CBSSLBLBLBCBDEDTDTDEWRWRRBRBQBTGGTTECDefenseOffenseline of scrimmageFootball players have specialized positions.The quarterbackthe leader of the offensive teamcalls the play while the team is in a huddle.Then,wh
50、en the team lines up,the center passes the ball backward between his legs to the quarterback.This maneuver is called the snap or hiking the ball.The quarterback then either runs with the ball,passes it,or hands it off.The diagram on this page shows offensive and defensive positions.A football game a