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1、www.readinga-Analyze:Why is the Nile River important to the people of Egypt?Analyze:How does Egypts ancient history affect the country today?Discussion QuestionsVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK ULEVELED BOOK UWritten by Nate LightEgyptA Reading AZ Level U Leveled
2、 BookWord Count:1,288Egyptwww.readinga-EgyptCountries Around the World Level U Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Nate LightAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Kinglau/D;title page:Martin Kemp/iStock/Thinkstock;page 3:Peter Horree/Alamy;page 5:Cobalt88/iStock/Thinks
3、tock;page 6:Picture Hooked/Nigel Downer/Alamy;page 7:B.OKane/Alamy;page 9:JudyDillon/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10:Louis-Marie Preau/Hemis/Corbis;page 11:Stock Connection Blue/Alamy;page 12(top):lexan/iStock Editorial/Thinkstock;page 12(bottom):JoseIgnacioSoto/iStock/Thinkstock;page 13(left):Charles Gib
4、son/iStock/Thinkstock;page 13(top right):hagit berkovich/iStock/Thinkstock;page 13(bottom right):tbkmedia.de/Alamy;page 14:Robert Harding World Imagery/Alamy;page 15(main):Charles&Josette Lenars/Corbis;page 15(inset):KarSol/iStock/Thinkstock Front and back cover:Tourists visit the Pyramids of Giza(G
5、EE-zuh),which are located near Cairo.Title page:Riding in a small sailing boat called a felucca is a popular tourist activity along the Nile River in Egypt.Page 3:Bazaars hold many different types of goods for shoppers in Cairo.Written by Nate LightEgyptCorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading
6、RecoveryDRA34Table of ContentsWhere Is It?4People 6Land 8History 10Landmarks 12Animals 13Conclusion 14Glossary 16Where Is It?The Arab Republic of Egypt is in the northern part of the continent of Africa A small part of Egypt,the Sinai(SEYE-neye)Peninsula,is actually in Asia The Sinai Peninsula share
7、s its eastern border with Israel and the Gaza Strip To the north of Egypt is the Mediterranean(MEH-duh-tuh-RAY-nee-uhn)Sea,and to the east is the Red Sea The country has 2,450 kilometers(1,522 mi)of coastline The country of Sudan is to the south of Egypt To the west is LibyaEgyptSaudi ArabiaJordanLi
8、byaSudanIsraelEgyptCairoMEDITERRANEAN SEARED SEAEUROPEAFRICAASIAAswanLuxorGulf of SuezAlexandriaAswanHigh DamGiza PyramidsEgypt Level U56Cairo(KEYE-roh),the capital of Egypt,is located in the north,along the Nile River It is one of the largest cities in Africa Cairo sits on the same site as it did o
9、ne thousand years ago More than eleven million people live there today Cairo is a mixture of ancient and modern buildings Historic buildings and mosquesplaces of worship for Muslimsstand near other modern buildings Cairo is also a mixture of bustling city streets and grassy areas Skyscrapers jut int
10、o the sky next to lush,green land Because fertile land is so scarce,some of these areas are used for farming In older areas,the streets are narrow and crowded Here,people shop at covered bazaars Tea and coffeehouses provide places for people to enjoy local refreshments PeopleMore than eighty-six mil
11、lion people live in Egypt Many people live along the banks of the Nile River,which runs through the eastern part of the country Many of Egypts cities and towns are located along the Nile,because it provides much of Egypts water People use ground water for cooking,washing,and drinking,and they use ri
12、ver water for irrigating crops The rest of the country contains mainly deserts and a few mountains Many farmers grow cotton for Egypts large textile industry in the fertile land near the Nile Farmers also grow wheat,rice,corn,beans,fruits,and vegetablesIn Egypts cities,many people work in service in
13、dustries such as hotels,restaurants,and banks Tourism is an important part of Egypts economy In addition,people work in factories to produce cloth and process food Western-style hotels and other modern buildings line the banks of the Nile in Cairo.Many farmers along the Nile use animals such as donk
14、eys to help them carry crops and supplies.Egypt Level U78Most people in Egypt speak some form of Arabic Most Egyptians are Arabs descended from people who originally lived in the Arabian Peninsula in Asia The Arabian Peninsula is where Saudi Arabia and several other countries are now located Many di
15、fferent groups of Arabs live in Egypt The form of Arabic they speak depends on where they live Other Egyptians are of African descent Many of these groups have their own languages,tooAlthough most people live near the Nile,a few groups live in the deserts The Bedouins(BEH-duh-wenz)herd animals in th
16、e deserts throughout the country Most Egyptians are Muslims,or followers of the religion of Islam Some Egyptians follow Christian religionsLandDeserts cover most of Egypt The Western Desert covers two thirds of the country The Eastern Desert covers a smaller part The even smaller Sinai Desert covers
17、 the Sinai Peninsula All these deserts are part of the Sahara Desert However,each desert is different The Western Desert looks like a sea of sand dunes with many sharp rocks The Eastern Desert has wadis(WAH-deez),or beds of seasonal rivers Wadis only fill up with water after a heavy rain The Eastern
18、 Desert also includes rugged mountains The Sinai Desert has tall mountains and deep canyons In all three deserts,green oases can be found Muslims attend a sermon at a mosque in Cairo.Egypts LandformsLibyan PlateauSinai PeninsulaMEDITERRANEAN SEARED SEACairoSinai DesertEgyptGulf of SuezQattara Depres
19、sionWestern DesertEastern DesertSahara DesertLake NasserNile RiverMount CatherineEgypt Level U910The fertile Nile River Valley lies between the Western and Eastern deserts The Nile is the longest river in the world It flows from south to north and ends at the Mediterranean Sea Near its mouth,the riv
20、er spreads out into smaller rivers,forming a triangle of fertile land This area of land around the rivers mouth is the Nile Delta It is some of the most fertile land in Egypt The Nile Delta stretches for about 160 kilometers(100 mi)between Cairo and the Mediterranean Sea In the south of Egypt,the Ni
21、le forms a large lake Lake Nasser was created in the 1960s when a dam was built,blocking the flow of the Nile It is one of the worlds largest artificial lakes HistoryEgypt is home to one of the worlds first civilizations The Nile provided rich land for ancient Egyptians As a result,they were among t
22、he first people to grow crops and use a plow For about three thousand years,thirty different dynasties ruled ancient Egypt The kings of Egypt were called pharaohs(FEHR-ohz)The ancient Egyptians believed the pharaohs were living gods During these dynasties,pharaohs built huge stone temples and monume
23、nts Some,such as the Pyramids of Giza,are tombs for the pharaohs Between about 2700 and 1000 bc,Egypt was one of the greatest civilizations in the world The Nile runs through most of Egypts cities and towns,including Aswan,shown here.The Great PyramidThe Great Pyramid of Khufu is the largest and old
24、est of the Pyramids of Giza.It was built around 2589 bc.About 2.3 million blocks of stone were cut and put together to create the giant structure.Branching hallways lead into the pyramid.These hallways end in several different rooms,some of which are burial chambers.Egypt Level U1112Over the centuri
25、es,several outside forces gained control of Egypt In 332 bc,the emperor Alexander the Great took Egypt He founded the city of Alexandria,which still sits on the northern coast Egypt was part of the Greek Empire for more than three hundred years In ad 640,Egypt was conquered by armies from the Arabia
26、n Peninsula The Arabs made Cairo the capital city They also brought the religion of Islam,and many Egyptians became Muslims Some Egyptians remained Christians In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire,an empire that began in Turkey In the eighteenth century,France
27、 tried to take over Egypt This caused the British to become involved in Egypts government because they did not want France to gain control of Egypt At the beginning of World War I(19141918),Egypt came under the control of the British Empire Finally,in 1922,Egypt won partial independence from Britain
28、LandmarksEvery year,millions of people visit Egypt to see its ancient landmarks Some of the most famous ones are the Pyramids of Giza These are located just outside Cairo The Great Sphinx,a figure made out of stone,also sits there Another popular site is the Valley of the Kings in southern Egypt,nea
29、r the city of Luxor Some of Egypts most famous pharaohs were buried there in more than sixty tombs Many of the treasures from the tombs were stolen by robbers long ago The tomb of Tutankhamun(toot-an-KAH-muhn)still had its treasures when it was discovered in 1922 Many of these amazing treasures now
30、sit in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo Near the Valley of the Kings are other ruins of great temples built by the pharaohs The Great Sphinx has the head of a man and the body of a lion.Gold mask of TutankhamunThe Suez Canal in Egypt connects the Mediterranean and the Red seas.The French built the canal
31、 between 1859 and 1869.Egypt Level U1314AnimalsPeople in Egypt raise many animals,such as sheep,goats,donkeys,and water buffalo Some people also raise and use camels for work Some wild animals live in the harsh desert environments Many of them only come out at night when the air is cooler One desert
32、 animal is the fennec,a small fox with large ears The fennec spends most of its day underground in a burrow It comes out at night to find food Many snakes,lizards,and scorpions also live in the desert One type of lizard is the spiny-tailed lizard The ibex(EYE-beks),a type of goat,is another desert a
33、nimal The Nile and its valley are also home to many kinds of animals Fish swim in the river,and crocodiles can be found in the southern part of the NileConclusionEgypt is an amazing country filled with treasures Both animals and people live in its deserts The Nile River cuts through the country,divi
34、ding the deserts into two parts It is a source of water and good farmland for millions of people Millions of tourists visit Egypt each year to learn about its fascinating past and see ancient landmarks This history,along with its people and animals,makes Egypt a fantastic place to learn about Some v
35、illages in southern Egypt have beautiful and colorfully painted buildings.ibexfennec foxspiny-tailed lizardEgypt Level U1516EgyptSource:Central Intelligence Agency(July 2014),World BankGlossarybazaars(n.)markets with rows of small shops(p 5)dunes(n.)hills of sand formed by wind(p 8)dynasties(n.)seri
36、es of rulers from the same family in a country(p 10)empire(n.)a collection of nations or people ruled by one person or government(p 11)irrigating(v.)supplying land with water,especially to help crops grow(p 6)Islam(n.)the monotheistic faith of Muslims,based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad(p
37、 7)oases(n.)fertile places with water in a desert(p 8)peninsula(n.)a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water(p 4)pharaohs(n.)titles given to kings in ancient Egypt(p 10)pyramids(n.)large buildings with three or more sides shaped like a triangle(p 10)textile(n.)fabric that is woven or knitted(p 6)tourism(n.)the business of providing services for people who travel for pleasure (p 6)Population:86,895,099Land:995,450 sq km(622,272 sq.mi.)Capital City:CairoPrimary Language:ArabicPrimary Religions:Islam,ChristianityCurrency:Egyptian PoundEgypt Level U