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1、www.readinga-Written by David L.DreierLEVELED BOOK VEclipsesEclipsesA Reading AZ Level V Leveled BookWord Count:1,589Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.EclipsesLevel V Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by David L.DreierIllustrated by Craig FrederickAll rights reserved.www.reading
2、a-CorrelationLEVEL VR4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAWritten by David L.Dreierwww.readinga-EclipsesPhoto Credits:Front cover,page 13(top):iS cover:Frank Zullo/Photo Researchers,Inc.;title page:Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis;page 3:REUTERS/Andrew Biraj;page 4:Joe Petersburger/National Geographic Stock;
3、page 5:REUTERS/David Gray;pages 7(left),9(top left):courtesy of ESA/NASA/SOHO;page 6:Signe Nordin/Learning AZ;pages 7(center),9(top center),13(bottom left):iS Rysavy;pages 7(right),9(top right),13(bottom right):courtesy of NASA;page 8:iS Putchenko;pages 9(bottom),10:iS Tuchan;page 11:Jim Craigmyle/C
4、orbis;page 12:Jay Pasachoff/Science Faction/Corbis;page 14:Astrofoto/Peter Arnold Images/Photolibrary;page 15:Centre National dEtudes Spatiales/NASA;page 16:World History Archive/Alamy Images;page 17:Jean-Leon Huens/National Geographic Stock;page 18:Mohammed Zaatari/AP Images;page 20:REUTERS/Russell
5、 Boyce;page 21:NASAHubble Space Telescope/Science Faction/Corbis;pages 2223:Larry Landolfi/Photo Researchers,Inc.Back cover:Composite photo of an annular solar eclipse over Franklin Mountains State Park near El Paso,TexasTitle page:A total solar eclipse in the sky over the W.M.Keck Observatory in Ha
6、waiiEclipses Level V2324Glossaryaccuracy(n.)the state or quality of being precise,correct,or exact(p.16)astronomers(n.)scientists who study planets,stars,galaxies,and other objects in space(p.16)coincidence(n.)a situation in which similar or related things happen at the same time by accident(p.12)co
7、smic(adj.)of or relating to the space beyond Earth(p.21)light filters(n.)transparent materials that block light of certain wavelengths (p.20)obscured(adj.)concealed or covered(p.12)omens(n.)events believed to be signs about the future(p.5)orbited(v.)revolved around another object(p.17)partial(adj.)o
8、f or relating to a part rather than the whole(p.13)predict(v.)to say what is going to happen in the future,based on the past or present(p.16)theory(n.)a possible explanation that has not been proven true(p.17)To learn more about eclipses and find out when you can view one in your area,go to http:/ec
9、lipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html.EclipsesLevel V Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by David L.DreierIllustrated by Craig FrederickAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL VR4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAWritten by David L.Dreierwww.readinga-EclipsesPhoto Credits:Front cover,page 13(to
10、p):iS cover:Frank Zullo/Photo Researchers,Inc.;title page:Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis;page 3:REUTERS/Andrew Biraj;page 4:Joe Petersburger/National Geographic Stock;page 5:REUTERS/David Gray;pages 7(left),9(top left):courtesy of ESA/NASA/SOHO;page 6:Signe Nordin/Learning AZ;pages 7(center),9(top center),1
11、3(bottom left):iS Rysavy;pages 7(right),9(top right),13(bottom right):courtesy of NASA;page 8:iS Putchenko;pages 9(bottom),10:iS Tuchan;page 11:Jim Craigmyle/Corbis;page 12:Jay Pasachoff/Science Faction/Corbis;page 14:Astrofoto/Peter Arnold Images/Photolibrary;page 15:Centre National dEtudes Spatial
12、es/NASA;page 16:World History Archive/Alamy Images;page 17:Jean-Leon Huens/National Geographic Stock;page 18:Mohammed Zaatari/AP Images;page 20:REUTERS/Russell Boyce;page 21:NASAHubble Space Telescope/Science Faction/Corbis;pages 2223:Larry Landolfi/Photo Researchers,Inc.Back cover:Composite photo o
13、f an annular solar eclipse over Franklin Mountains State Park near El Paso,TexasTitle page:A total solar eclipse in the sky over the W.M.Keck Observatory in HawaiiEclipses Level V2324Glossaryaccuracy(n.)the state or quality of being precise,correct,or exact(p.16)astronomers(n.)scientists who study p
14、lanets,stars,galaxies,and other objects in space(p.16)coincidence(n.)a situation in which similar or related things happen at the same time by accident(p.12)cosmic(adj.)of or relating to the space beyond Earth(p.21)light filters(n.)transparent materials that block light of certain wavelengths (p.20)
15、obscured(adj.)concealed or covered(p.12)omens(n.)events believed to be signs about the future(p.5)orbited(v.)revolved around another object(p.17)partial(adj.)of or relating to a part rather than the whole(p.13)predict(v.)to say what is going to happen in the future,based on the past or present(p.16)
16、theory(n.)a possible explanation that has not been proven true(p.17)To learn more about eclipses and find out when you can view one in your area,go to http:/eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html.Eclipses Level V2122ConclusionEclipses are impressive cosmic events that still inspire awe in people of all
17、ages around the world.Thanks to science,we now understand the causes of eclipses and can predict them with amazing accuracy.But eclipses will probably always feel a little mysterious and magical to those who watch them,just as they did to people thousands of years ago.A small moon casts a shadow on
18、the surface of Jupiter as it orbits the giant planet.This special photograph shows how the Moon looked every five minutes during a lunar eclipse over upstate New York.Eclipses Level V34Table of ContentsDarkness at Noon or Midnight .4Eclipses in History .5Eclipses Are All About Shadows.7Why the Moon
19、Turns Red .8The Sun Blotted Out .12Predicting Eclipses .16How to View a Solar Eclipse Safely.18Conclusion.21Glossary.24A girl prepares to watch a solar eclipse in Bangladesh.Darkness at Noon or Midnight Imagine being outside on a sunny day at noon and seeing the world become dark all around you,even
20、 though theres not a single cloud in the sky.Or imagine watching a full moon slowly change from milky white to a spooky blood-red color.Strange events such as these happen during eclipses.Eclipses are amazing events that have caused wonder,fear,and excitement throughout history.During a solar eclips
21、e,the Moon blocks out the Sun.During a lunar eclipse,the Moon changes color as it passes through Earths shadow.The Moon blocks part of the setting Sun during a solar eclipse.Eclipses Level V34Table of ContentsDarkness at Noon or Midnight .4Eclipses in History .5Eclipses Are All About Shadows.7Why th
22、e Moon Turns Red .8The Sun Blotted Out .12Predicting Eclipses .16How to View a Solar Eclipse Safely.18Conclusion.21Glossary.24A girl prepares to watch a solar eclipse in Bangladesh.Darkness at Noon or Midnight Imagine being outside on a sunny day at noon and seeing the world become dark all around y
23、ou,even though theres not a single cloud in the sky.Or imagine watching a full moon slowly change from milky white to a spooky blood-red color.Strange events such as these happen during eclipses.Eclipses are amazing events that have caused wonder,fear,and excitement throughout history.During a solar
24、 eclipse,the Moon blocks out the Sun.During a lunar eclipse,the Moon changes color as it passes through Earths shadow.The Moon blocks part of the setting Sun during a solar eclipse.Eclipses Level V2122ConclusionEclipses are impressive cosmic events that still inspire awe in people of all ages around
25、 the world.Thanks to science,we now understand the causes of eclipses and can predict them with amazing accuracy.But eclipses will probably always feel a little mysterious and magical to those who watch them,just as they did to people thousands of years ago.A small moon casts a shadow on the surface
26、 of Jupiter as it orbits the giant planet.This special photograph shows how the Moon looked every five minutes during a lunar eclipse over upstate New York.Eclipses Level V1920The safest way to view a solar eclipse is indirectly,using a pinhole projector.This simple device focuses the Suns rays onto
27、 a flat surface,where they can be viewed safely.WarningDo not view a solar eclipse with unprotected eyes or regular sunglasses,and never look at a solar eclipse with a telescope or binoculars.Devices that magnify what youre looking at will also magnify the damage done to your eyes.Small image of par
28、tially eclipsed SunWhite paper taped to inside endViewing windowPoint this end toward SunPinhole ProjectorAluminum foil with pinholeLook through hole cut in side of box to see eclipse image SunlightIt also is possible to view a solar eclipse safely using special light filters,such as inexpensive ecl
29、ipse-viewing safety glasses.Even when using these special glasses,you shouldnt look at the Sun for very long.Look for a few seconds and then turn away for a few seconds.Be sure to use these glasses only in the company of an adult.You cant be too careful when looking at the Sun.A crowd practices usin
30、g protective glasses before an eclipse in the United Kingdom in 1999.Eclipses Level V56Some eclipses may even have changed the course of history.One such event occurred in the Middle East in the sixth century bc.Two groups of people,the Lydians and the Medes,had been fighting a war for five years.On
31、 May 28,585 bc,their armies were engaged in a fierce battle when suddenly a total eclipse turned day into night.The armies were so frightened by the eclipse that they laid down their weapons and agreed to make peace.Ancient peoples such as the Chinese,Greeks,Babylonians,and Egyptians studied eclipse
32、s.They eventually learned that eclipses were natural events.There were no dragons or other monsters involved.However,knowledge about what really caused eclipses spread slowly.Eclipses in History Eclipses can be frightening events if you dont know what causes them.Long ago,people were afraid of eclip
33、ses and considered them to be bad omens.People in ancient China thought the Sun was being eaten by a dragon during a solar eclipse.They banged on drums and pots to scare the dragon away.Some ancient people in Greece thought there might be a connection between earthquakes and eclipses.But there is no
34、 link between the two events.A solar eclipse darkens the daytime sky over China.Eclipses Level V56Some eclipses may even have changed the course of history.One such event occurred in the Middle East in the sixth century bc.Two groups of people,the Lydians and the Medes,had been fighting a war for fi
35、ve years.On May 28,585 bc,their armies were engaged in a fierce battle when suddenly a total eclipse turned day into night.The armies were so frightened by the eclipse that they laid down their weapons and agreed to make peace.Ancient peoples such as the Chinese,Greeks,Babylonians,and Egyptians stud
36、ied eclipses.They eventually learned that eclipses were natural events.There were no dragons or other monsters involved.However,knowledge about what really caused eclipses spread slowly.Eclipses in History Eclipses can be frightening events if you dont know what causes them.Long ago,people were afra
37、id of eclipses and considered them to be bad omens.People in ancient China thought the Sun was being eaten by a dragon during a solar eclipse.They banged on drums and pots to scare the dragon away.Some ancient people in Greece thought there might be a connection between earthquakes and eclipses.But
38、there is no link between the two events.A solar eclipse darkens the daytime sky over China.Eclipses Level V1920The safest way to view a solar eclipse is indirectly,using a pinhole projector.This simple device focuses the Suns rays onto a flat surface,where they can be viewed safely.WarningDo not vie
39、w a solar eclipse with unprotected eyes or regular sunglasses,and never look at a solar eclipse with a telescope or binoculars.Devices that magnify what youre looking at will also magnify the damage done to your eyes.Small image of partially eclipsed SunWhite paper taped to inside endViewing windowP
40、oint this end toward SunPinhole ProjectorAluminum foil with pinholeLook through hole cut in side of box to see eclipse image SunlightIt also is possible to view a solar eclipse safely using special light filters,such as inexpensive eclipse-viewing safety glasses.Even when using these special glasses
41、,you shouldnt look at the Sun for very long.Look for a few seconds and then turn away for a few seconds.Be sure to use these glasses only in the company of an adult.You cant be too careful when looking at the Sun.A crowd practices using protective glasses before an eclipse in the United Kingdom in 1
42、999.Eclipses Level V1718The first scientist to accurately predict solar eclipses was an English astronomer named Edmond Halley.During his lifetime in the early ad 1700s,people knew that Earth orbited the Sun.Knowing the correct positions of the Sun,Earth,and Moon made eclipse prediction simpler.But
43、it was still difficult.Another English scientist,Isaac Newton,made it easier to predict eclipses.Newton discovered how objects in the solar system move.He developed a very detailed theory of gravity.Halley used Newtons findings to calculate future eclipses.By using computers programmed with Newtons
44、laws of gravity,scientists can now predict eclipses far into the future.Isaac Newtons ideas about gravity and mathematics changed our understanding of the universe.How to View a Solar Eclipse SafelyOnce youve figured out where you need to be to see a solar eclipse,your work is not quite done.You nee
45、d to take some steps to make sure you can watch the eclipse safely because looking directly at the Sun can damage your eyes.Normally,the Sun is too bright to look at for very long,and pain makes you look away.But during an eclipse,the brightness dims,and its possible to look at the Sun without feeli
46、ng any pain,even while severely damaging your eyes.For this reason,you should NEVER look directly at the Sun during an eclipse or at any other time.A shepherd boy and his goat watch a solar eclipse in Lebanon.Eclipses Level V78Earths atmosphere filters and scatters some of the sunlight that passes t
47、hrough it.Why the Moon Turns RedIf Earth had no atmosphere,the Moon would go completely dark during a total lunar eclipse.But Earth does have an atmosphere,and light from the Sun passes through it.Most of that light strikes Earths surface and is blocked.But some light rays pass through the atmospher
48、e without hitting the planets surface.Eclipses Are All About ShadowsWe now know that eclipses happen when Earth,its moon,and the Sun line up in space.An eclipse is nothing more than a really big shadow.Just as you cast a shadow on the ground when you stand outside on a sunny day,Earth and its moon c
49、ast shadows in space.What an eclipse looks like depends on where you watch it from.If you were standing on the surface of the Moon during a lunar eclipse,you would see the Earth ringed by red light as it blocked out the Sun.But from Earth,a lunar eclipse looks much different.If you watch a lunar ecl
50、ipse from Earth,you will see the full moon slowly go dark as it passes through Earths shadow.Thats because the Moon is only bright when it reflects the light of the Sunsomething it cant do when Earth gets in the way.MoonEarthEarths shadowPositions of the Sun,Earth,and Moon during a lunar eclipseSunE