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1、www.readinga-Written by Louanne SilverVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK UUnderground CitiesA Reading AZ Level U Leveled BookWord Count:1,177Underground Citieswww.readinga-Underground CitiesLevel U Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Louanne SilverAll rights reserve
2、d.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover,back cover,page 5:REX USA/Patrick Frilet;title page:CuboImages srl/Alamy;page 3:Vito Arcomano/Marka/age fotostock;page 4:J.Jarvis/Visuals Unlimited,Inc.;page 7:Gavin Hellier/Alamy;page 8:eye35 stock/Ala
3、my;page 9:Ekaterina Fribus/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10(main):REX USA/Brendan Beirne;pages 10(inset),11:David Wall/Alamy;page 12:Hunt Midwest;page 13(main):Mike Booth/Alamy;page 13(inset):Medioimages/Photodisc/Thinkstock;page 14(top):Luong Thai Linh/epa/Corbis;page 14(center right):Walter Bibikow/JAI/C
4、orbis;page 14(bottom right):Photo Japan/AlamyIllustration credits:Page 6:Learning A-Z/Signe NordinFront and back cover,title page,page 3:Caves and passages in the underground city of Derinkuyu in Cappadocia,Turkey.Written by Louanne SilverUnderground Cities1516Future Underground CitiesAlthough many
5、underground shopping areas exist around the world,no new large underground cities are being built today.However,individuals in many countries are building subterranean homes.Underground dwellers say that their homes use less energy,cost less to maintain,and offer more privacy than aboveground homes.
6、Because of skyscrapers,todays cities seem to be growing up toward the sky.In the future,they may instead grow down.Glossaryarchaeologists(n.)scientists who study the remains of ancient cultures(p.5)circulation(n.)the movement of air or water through a system(p.10)complex(n.)a group of buildings clos
7、e to one another,used for a common purpose(p.12)dwellings(n.)buildings or shelters in which people live;residences(p.4)engineering(n.)the work of designing and building things using science and math(p.5)excavated(v.)uncovered or dug out(p.5)humidity(n.)the amount of moisture in the air(p.13)mine(n.)
8、a place where minerals are taken from the ground by digging or blasting(p.9)pillars(n.)posts or columns used for support,usually made of stone,wood,or metal(p.6)preserved(adj.)kept in the same condition;protected from harm(p.8)residents(n.)people or other animals that live in a place(p.4)subterranea
9、n(adj.)underground(p.9)1 Derinkuyu,Turkey2 City of Caves,Nottingham,England3 Wieliczka,Poland4 Coober Pedy,Australia5 SubTropolis,Kansas City,Missouri,United States6 Dover,England7 Vincom Mega Mall Royal City,Hanoi,Vietnam8 Okhotny Ryad,Moscow,Russia9 Umeda District,Osaka,Japan526381794ATLANTIC OCEA
10、NSOUTH AMERICANORTH AMERICAASIAAFRICAAUSTRALIAEUROPEINDIAN OCEANA World View:Underground Cities and Shopping CentersUnderground Cities Level Uwww.readinga-Underground CitiesLevel U Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Louanne SilverAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL UQ4040Fountas&Pinnel
11、lReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover,back cover,page 5:REX USA/Patrick Frilet;title page:CuboImages srl/Alamy;page 3:Vito Arcomano/Marka/age fotostock;page 4:J.Jarvis/Visuals Unlimited,Inc.;page 7:Gavin Hellier/Alamy;page 8:eye35 stock/Alamy;page 9:Ekaterina Fribus/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10
12、(main):REX USA/Brendan Beirne;pages 10(inset),11:David Wall/Alamy;page 12:Hunt Midwest;page 13(main):Mike Booth/Alamy;page 13(inset):Medioimages/Photodisc/Thinkstock;page 14(top):Luong Thai Linh/epa/Corbis;page 14(center right):Walter Bibikow/JAI/Corbis;page 14(bottom right):Photo Japan/AlamyIllustr
13、ation credits:Page 6:Learning A-Z/Signe NordinFront and back cover,title page,page 3:Caves and passages in the underground city of Derinkuyu in Cappadocia,Turkey.Written by Louanne SilverUnderground Cities1516Future Underground CitiesAlthough many underground shopping areas exist around the world,no
14、 new large underground cities are being built today.However,individuals in many countries are building subterranean homes.Underground dwellers say that their homes use less energy,cost less to maintain,and offer more privacy than aboveground homes.Because of skyscrapers,todays cities seem to be grow
15、ing up toward the sky.In the future,they may instead grow down.Glossaryarchaeologists(n.)scientists who study the remains of ancient cultures(p.5)circulation(n.)the movement of air or water through a system(p.10)complex(n.)a group of buildings close to one another,used for a common purpose(p.12)dwel
16、lings(n.)buildings or shelters in which people live;residences(p.4)engineering(n.)the work of designing and building things using science and math(p.5)excavated(v.)uncovered or dug out(p.5)humidity(n.)the amount of moisture in the air(p.13)mine(n.)a place where minerals are taken from the ground by
17、digging or blasting(p.9)pillars(n.)posts or columns used for support,usually made of stone,wood,or metal(p.6)preserved(adj.)kept in the same condition;protected from harm(p.8)residents(n.)people or other animals that live in a place(p.4)subterranean(adj.)underground(p.9)1 Derinkuyu,Turkey2 City of C
18、aves,Nottingham,England3 Wieliczka,Poland4 Coober Pedy,Australia5 SubTropolis,Kansas City,Missouri,United States6 Dover,England7 Vincom Mega Mall Royal City,Hanoi,Vietnam8 Okhotny Ryad,Moscow,Russia9 Umeda District,Osaka,Japan526381794ATLANTIC OCEANSOUTH AMERICANORTH AMERICAASIAAFRICAAUSTRALIAEUROPE
19、INDIAN OCEANA World View:Underground Cities and Shopping CentersUnderground Cities Level U1314Underground temperatures and humidity are constant.As a result,businesses use roughly one-quarter of the electricity that they would aboveground,and theres no problem with moisture build-up.Because of this
20、minimal use of electricity,one tenant calls SubTropolis truly environmentally friendly.Also,due to the constant climate underground,many treasures are safely stored in SubTropolis.These include millions of U.S.Postal Service collectable stamps and old,original film reels from classic movies and TV s
21、hows.The first tunnels under Dover Castle were built in the thirteenth century for soldiers to launch surprise attacks on invading enemies.During the Napoleonic Wars(17931815),seven more tunnels were added to accommodate up to two thousand troops.The tunnels were used as recently as World War II as
22、a military command center(pictured above).They are the only underground barracks ever built in Britain.Dover CastleUnderground Shopping Around the WorldMany places around the world have large underground districts.Here are some:Vincom Mega Mall Royal City(top)in Hanoi,Vietnam,is an entertainment com
23、plex as well as an underground mall.It contains over six hundred shops,a water park,an ice-skating rink,and game centers.Instead of a food court,it has a food street with roughly two hundred restaurants.Okhotny Ryad in Moscow,Russia,is a three-story underground shopping mall that connects to a subwa
24、y station.To protect neighboring buildings during construction,the stations walls were built aboveground and then lowered into the ground.Japans largest underground shopping district is the Umeda underground mall in the city of Osaka.The mall connects with several subway stations next to hotels,bank
25、s,and high-rise office buildings.A giant red Ferris wheel sits atop a nine-story building.Underground Cities Level U34Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Ancient Cities .5 Derinkuyu,Turkey .5 City of Caves,Nottingham,England .7Modern Cities .9 Coober Pedy,Australia .9 SubTropolis,Kansas City,Missouri,Un
26、ited States .12Future Underground Cities .15Glossary .16IntroductionYouve probably heard about animals that live underground.Ants,moles,groundhogs,and prairie dogs are just a few examples.But did you ever hear of people living underground?People around the world have lived underground for hundreds,a
27、nd in some cases,thousands of years.In some places,they still do.Visiting some of these places reveals many different reasons for choosing these unusual dwellings.Residents may have been seeking protection from enemies or weather,an affordable way to live,or simply more living space.Whatever the rea
28、son,underground cities are found all over the world.The naked mole rat is one of many types of animals that live underground.Underground Cities Level U34Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Ancient Cities .5 Derinkuyu,Turkey .5 City of Caves,Nottingham,England .7Modern Cities .9 Coober Pedy,Australia .9
29、SubTropolis,Kansas City,Missouri,United States .12Future Underground Cities .15Glossary .16IntroductionYouve probably heard about animals that live underground.Ants,moles,groundhogs,and prairie dogs are just a few examples.But did you ever hear of people living underground?People around the world ha
30、ve lived underground for hundreds,and in some cases,thousands of years.In some places,they still do.Visiting some of these places reveals many different reasons for choosing these unusual dwellings.Residents may have been seeking protection from enemies or weather,an affordable way to live,or simply
31、 more living space.Whatever the reason,underground cities are found all over the world.The naked mole rat is one of many types of animals that live underground.Underground Cities Level U1314Underground temperatures and humidity are constant.As a result,businesses use roughly one-quarter of the elect
32、ricity that they would aboveground,and theres no problem with moisture build-up.Because of this minimal use of electricity,one tenant calls SubTropolis truly environmentally friendly.Also,due to the constant climate underground,many treasures are safely stored in SubTropolis.These include millions o
33、f U.S.Postal Service collectable stamps and old,original film reels from classic movies and TV shows.The first tunnels under Dover Castle were built in the thirteenth century for soldiers to launch surprise attacks on invading enemies.During the Napoleonic Wars(17931815),seven more tunnels were adde
34、d to accommodate up to two thousand troops.The tunnels were used as recently as World War II as a military command center(pictured above).They are the only underground barracks ever built in Britain.Dover CastleUnderground Shopping Around the WorldMany places around the world have large underground
35、districts.Here are some:Vincom Mega Mall Royal City(top)in Hanoi,Vietnam,is an entertainment complex as well as an underground mall.It contains over six hundred shops,a water park,an ice-skating rink,and game centers.Instead of a food court,it has a food street with roughly two hundred restaurants.O
36、khotny Ryad in Moscow,Russia,is a three-story underground shopping mall that connects to a subway station.To protect neighboring buildings during construction,the stations walls were built aboveground and then lowered into the ground.Japans largest underground shopping district is the Umeda undergro
37、und mall in the city of Osaka.The mall connects with several subway stations next to hotels,banks,and high-rise office buildings.A giant red Ferris wheel sits atop a nine-story building.Underground Cities Level U1112“The temperature is a constant 2325 degrees Celsius(73F77F)year round,so there are n
38、o heating or cooling costs.One room has an airshaft that lets in a circle of light.Other rooms are pitch black until you turn on the light.“Older dugouts in Coober Pedy were dug by hand with a pick.Some residents leave the pick marks on the walls as reminders of how hard it was to dig there in the e
39、arly days.Others paint their dugouts,usually white to make them brighter and lighter.There is very little dust inside.Dugouts are soundproof,blocking out traffic and neighbor noise.I think Im pretty lucky to be living in such a unique home,so full of character.”SubTropolisKansas City,Missouri,United
40、 StatesLying below the Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun theme parks in Kansas City,Missouri,is a different kind of world known as SubTropolis.SubTropolis calls itself“the worlds largest underground business complex.”Originally a limestone mine,the enormous underground space is now rented out to a var
41、iety of businesses for storage,manufacturing,printing,and other purposes.The complex is completely protected from the outdoors,so its tenants never have to worry about rain,snow,ice,wind,or other rough weather conditions.Even though the employees dont look up and see the sky in SubTropolis,the inter
42、ior is painted white,which makes it seem light and bright.Originally a one-room home,Fayes Historic Underground House was converted into a full house,including a swimming pool.A semi-truck drives along 11.3 kilometers(7 mi.)of paved underground roads in SubTropolis.Underground Cities Level U56Ancien
43、t CitiesDerinkuyu,TurkeyThe Cappadocia(kap-uh-DOH-shee-yuh)region of central Turkey is known for its ancient underground cities.More than two hundred multilevel underground cities have been discovered in the area.One of the best known is Derinkuyu(deh-rin-KOO-yoo).This ancient city was carved into t
44、he soft,volcanic rock that is common in the region.This city includes caves and other land features that were first formed naturally by wind and water.As a result,archaeologists have no way of knowing exactly when it was built.Building Derinkuyu was an amazing feat of engineering.The city was at lea
45、st eleven stories deep,though only eight stories have been excavated.Thousands of air shafts made breathing possible at the deepest levels.Scientists say that in order to construct the city,the original builders must have known a lot about engineering.Because the rock is so soft,the pillars needed t
46、o be very strong so the tunnels wouldnt collapse.This approach worked well because no evidence of collapses has yet been found.Derinkuyu had room for about twenty thousand people as well as their food and livestock.Stone doors weighing 454 kilograms(1,000 lbs.)could close off the entire city from th
47、e inside,and each floor could be closed off from the other floors.Evidence suggests that Derinkuyu was built underground to hide people and supplies during invasions.The city included homes,stables,storage rooms,a school,and a supply of freshwater.A tunnel 9 kilometers(6 mi.)long connects Derinkuyu
48、with Kaymakli,another underground city.A local Cappadocian resident accidentally discovered the city while breaking through a wall to expand his own cave home in 1963.This carved rock interior of a cave house is found on the fourth floor underground in Derinkuyu.1The Underground City of Derinkuyu21
49、Entrance2 Exit Area open to publicKEYUnderground Cities Level U56Ancient CitiesDerinkuyu,TurkeyThe Cappadocia(kap-uh-DOH-shee-yuh)region of central Turkey is known for its ancient underground cities.More than two hundred multilevel underground cities have been discovered in the area.One of the best
50、known is Derinkuyu(deh-rin-KOO-yoo).This ancient city was carved into the soft,volcanic rock that is common in the region.This city includes caves and other land features that were first formed naturally by wind and water.As a result,archaeologists have no way of knowing exactly when it was built.Bu