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1、中考英语知识点归纳最新中考英语知识点归纳1、 must(Dmust表示主观看法,意为“必须”。如:You must stay here until I come backoMust I hand in my homework right now?对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn t或don t have to o如:一Must I finish my homework?一No, you needn to(2)must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。如:The light is on, so he must be at home nowo
2、其否定形式mustn t表示禁止,不许”。如:You mustn, t play with fire。You mustn, t be late。2、 could(l)can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10。(2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?一Could I use your pen?一Yes, you can。(注意回答)3、 mightmight为may的过去式。might表示推测时,表示可能性低于may (此
3、时might没有 过去式的意思),当请求讲时,比may的语气更委婉。He is away from schoolo He might be sick。Might I use your dictionary?4、can(1)表示能力,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。如:She can swim fast, but I can t o(2)表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary。(3)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can,t译为“不可 能”。如:一Can the news be true?一No, it can t be our
4、 teacher。 He is on a visit to the Great Wall。初三英语语法知识一.介词by的用法1 .意为“在旁”,“靠近”。Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。2 .意为“不迟于”,“到时为止”。Your son will be all right by supper time.你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。How many English songs had you learned by the end of la
5、st term?到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?3 .表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。The boy s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。4 .表示“逐个”,“逐批”的意思。One by one
6、 they went past the table in the dark.他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5 .表示“根据”,“按照”的意思。What time is it by your watch?你的表几点了?6 .和take, hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。I took him by the hand.我拉住了他的手。7 .用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)二.动名词(doing)动名词相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。L作主
7、语Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。8 .作宾语Wou1d you mind turning down your radio a little, please?请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?9 .作表语Babysister s job is washing, cooking and taking care of the children. 保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。10 做定语a washing machine 一台洗衣机初中英语语法知识点被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,助动词be
8、有时态,人称和数的 变化。被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态, be动词后面的过去分词不变。1、各种时态的被动语态结构如下:一般现在时的被动语态:主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态:主语+was / were +过去分词现在完成时的被动语态:主语+have / has +been +过去分词一般将来时的被动语态:主语+will +be +过去分词过去将来时的被动语态:主语+would / should + be +过去分词过去进行时的被动语态:主语+was / were + being +过去分词过去完成时的被动语态:主
9、语+had + been +过去分词情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词2、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语。Football is played widely all over the worldo全世界都广泛地踢足球。(2)强调动作的承受者。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon。昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型。It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA。据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。3、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面;如果没必要,可省略。