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1、如何备考高考英语之新闻类阅读理解新闻类阅读理解技巧点拨斯“网技巧点猿通特点命特点、语篇特点近年来，英美国家主流媒体已经成为全国各省市高考阅读理解命题文章的主流题源，如时代、科学美国人、洛杉矶时 报、卫报等。命题文章话题涵盖广泛，有关于政治经济的时 文报道，有社会生活中发生的大小事件,还有个人成长的经历趣闻。新闻类语篇在写作手法上遵循的原则是“ keep it short and simple”, 简称KISS原则。高考所选取的新闻类文章主要采取“导造(lead) 主建(body) EM (end) ”的结构模式。新闻类语篇有以 下几个特点:(一)主题明确突出新闻类文章的内容围绕某个新闻事件或人
2、物展开，文章主题经常会出现在导语部分。导语一般是文章第一或第一、二段，用简明 表达中心思想的，文章的主旨或写作目的往往出现在文章的首段或 末段，归纳文章中心思想时，尤其要分析文章的结尾，因为很多文 章卒章显志，用简短的议论、抒情揭示文章中心。解题技巧点拨：24题：细节理解题。根据题干的“main cause” 定位到第一段的“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possibl
3、e, but it consumed me. , main cause 与 main root 同义,My perfectionist tendencies 对应 C 选项的 Her desire to be perfect，故选 C , 作者的完美主义倾向是她焦虑的主要根源。25题：推理判断题。根 据题干关键词Grant Brown5s presentation定位到文章第二、三段， 第二段主要讲了 Grant Brown的演讲鼓舞了她，激发了她想要改变 世界的渴望。第三段讲作者受邀参加世界青年野生动物大会，然后 她变得自信加入了两个保护自然的全球组织，所以本题答案为A。 26题:细节理解题
4、。根据第三段的“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.”可知，Alice 加入这些活动后变得 更自信了，故答案为B。27题：主旨归纳题。本题问的是文章主旨， 本文的主旨蕴含在最后一段作者的感悟中，需要考生结合作者的经 历与感悟去理解和概括。上
5、文讲述了作者如何通过参加一系列活动 从为追求完美而焦虑到后来变得自信，作者在最后一段感悟到“one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I cant . I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action ,由此可知，阻止了很多人发挥自己的潜能的是他们 认为自己不行，因此作
6、者认为要抓住每个机会去行动，因为大自然 需要的不是我们的耐心，而是我们的行动，所以答案为C。五、备考建议多读。广泛涉猎主流媒体选取的阅读文章,关注社会、教育、 科技、生活、环保、经济等领域的最新发展和动态，拓宽视野，积 累广博的背景知识。多思。每次阅读练习后，针对语篇特征、命题 意图、考查要点、解题方法等方面反思总结经验，查漏补缺，错误 归因，再针对性强化巩固。多练。做限时训练,在练习中增强阅读 的文体意识、语境意识、题目意识，提升阅读速度和效率。生动的语言将新闻最具价值、最新鲜的内容或典型例子放在开头， 引出文章主题。导语部分通常能全部或部分回答who、what、when、 where、wh
7、y、how等问题。正文主要是对导语部分所提供的主题信 息的相关细节进行解释和深化，此部分以记叙或者说明为主。结尾 再一次总结中心思想，以强调、启发、或号召等方式结束，也有的 新闻文章没有明显的结束语。（二）信息准确客观新闻报道强调客观性，一般以第三人称为主，客观报道事实、 描述事件或陈述观点。所提供的细节信息，如时间、人物、地点、 因果等都有明确的出处或来源。作者一般不表达自己的观点，而是 通过引语，包括直接和间接引语，来陈述相关人士的态度和观点。（三）语言简洁风趣新闻类语篇既要做到观点明确，又要做到表达有力和叙述生动, 因此十分讲究语言的趣味性，用浓缩的语言表达丰富的内容。用词 平实易懂，精
8、炼简洁。二、命题特点细节理解或细节推断题目是主要题型，考查新闻事件的六要素。 细节理解或者细节推断一般侧重文章导语和主体部分的考查，考题 涉及的考点一般与段落顺序对应。主旨归纳和观点推断类题目是难 点和热点。主旨大意题考查学生对文章的概括能力，有助于培养学 生的思维品质。主旨大意题包括文章主旨题、段落大意题和标题归 纳题。近年来高考新闻类文章一般不含标题，而在设题时要求考生 结合新闻事件，选取一个能概括新闻事件主要内容且夺人眼球的最 佳标题J主旨大意题需要考生对导语提供的信息充分理解，有时候 还需要将导语和主体部分提供的故事信息或者事件描述结合起来归 纳总结。由于新闻类文章通常会通过直接引语或
9、者间接引语来阐述 相关人士的观点，高考命题时会要求学生在阅读时区分事实和观点, 学会总结和概括人们对新闻事件的观点和态度，这也符合核心素养 培养框架的要求，有利于学生文化品格的提升。这类题型因为涉及 阐述人们的观点以及支撑细节，有时可能跨越几个段落，所以难度 较大。三、解题策略（一）浏览文章，判断文体考生在做阅读理解题时一定要有“文体意识”，即结合文章体 裁的文体特征，紧扣主旨理解文章。具体到新闻类文体，首先通过 新闻独有的语篇特征，如导语、信息源等，判断是否是新闻类语篇。 然后，根据文章结构特点和题型特点可以去文章相应部分寻找答案， 这样可以节约时间、有的放矢。例如：文章主旨、写作意图题一般
10、 对应文章导语部分。（二）利用导语，掌握核心导语往往包括了新闻最具价值的内容，与主旨密切相关，是对 新闻事件本质、新闻人物的突出特点和社会现象背后的原因等最凝 练的概括，是写作意图题、主旨大意题的重要判断依据。例如：2020全国高考III卷C篇，探讨了英国社会中由于多方 压力,家人几代同堂的现状。第31题“What is the text mainly about?” 就是导语的侧面考查。通过结合下文的例子和数据分析，我们知道 这种选择多是同住一室的家庭越来越多，因此全文讲述的是人们居 住方式的一种新的趋势。（三）深入细节，定位分析细节判断题是新闻类语篇的主要考查题型，做题时考生要有“题 目意
11、识”，即由题干关键词把握命题意图和答题要点，解题时多使 用“同义转换”或者“综合归纳”两种方法。多数情况下，选项会 对原文信息进行同义转换，即原文信息的另外一种表达。相反，选 项中如果出现了原文出现过的词句，应当引起警觉，谨防受到“偷 梁换柱”的迷惑干扰。有时候细节散落在多个句子，或者在不同段 落中都有提到，考生应该分析事件之间的关联、人物与事件的关联、 社会现象背后的原因和结果的关联等等，进行综合归纳。如果是以 记叙为主，则需要抓住“何人、何时、何为、何因、何果”几要素， 这几大要素也是题目的着眼点。（四）结合主旨，理解引语引语是新闻类文章中的点睛之笔，用来体现作者或者文中相关 方面的态度、
12、观点，用来佐证支撑主旨。在答题时要有“语境意识”， 即联系文章主旨和上下文语境分析判断作者的写作意图或者说话人 的情感态度。四、真题演练例1： 2022年新高考I卷阅读C篇The elderly residents （居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity （慈善组织） to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples
13、 well-being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: I used to keep hens when I wa
14、s younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see theyve gone to bed.“Its good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their
15、 children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. Im enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial suppor
16、t to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.Lynn Le
17、wis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities/9 28. What is the purpose of the project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the ag
18、ed.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.30. What do the und
19、erlined words embark on mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.阅读策略点拨：这是一篇典型的新闻报道，主要报
20、道了一些养 老院通过让老人照看母鸡以减少他们的孤独感。文章主题鲜明，结 构清晰，紧紧围绕“老人照看母鸡”展开。全文共八个自然段，第 一段为导语部分，点明新闻事件。第二至第八段为主体部分，其中 第二段详细介绍项目的目的和效果；第三至第五段通过一个代表人 物80-year-old Ruth Xavier现身说法，说明该项目活动的具体内 容、实施情况及参与者的感受；第六段说明该项目的现状。第七、 八段引用相关人士的说法，肯定该项目的作用与意义，表达对该项 目未来发展的期待。解题技巧点拨：28题：细节理解题。根据题干定位第二段中第一、二句“to reduce loneliness and improv
21、e elderly peoples well-being. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind.,综合归纳两个目的后，结合选项中的用词，原文well-being 和D项中的welfare属于同义转换，故选D。29题：细节理解题。本题考查主体部分新闻事件中人物的所做 所感细节信息。根据第五段的“Im enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something use
22、ful.”并结合选项可知，选项 B 中a sense of achievement是对原文信息的综合归纳，故选Bo30题：词义猜测题。用上文所给解题策略中的“语境意识结 合上下文得知Wendy Wilson是养老院经理，首先可以排除B项 oppose （反对）。另外该项目仍处于试行阶段，联系上文“one of the first to，可以排除A项improve （提升）和D项evaluate （评估）, 从而得出正确答案 begin , “one of the first to embark on the project” 即第一批开始该项目的人之一，故选C。31题：推理判断题。文章最后两段
23、分别通过Wendy Wilson和 Lynn Lewis现身说法，言及敬老院老人照看母鸡的益处而非利润, 故排除C ,也即该项目在居民中很受欢迎，且反响不错。注意 creative 不是该项目对于老人们的要求，而是该项目所具有的特征，故选A。例2： 2022年北京卷阅读B篇My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled （肖！J弱）my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a
24、 year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brow
25、n at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him - an idea that had
26、 seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new a
27、nd more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global t
28、eam of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.! am writing this just six months since my journey began and Ive realized that my biggest obstacle （障碍）this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phras
29、e that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I cant. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.24. What was the main cause for Alices anxiet
30、y?A. Her inability to act her age.B. Her habit of consumption.C. Herdesire to be perfect.D. Her lack of inspiration.25. How did Grant Browns presentation influence Alice?A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. S
31、he built up her courage to speak up.26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more.A. intelligentB. confidentC.innovativeD. critical27. What can we learn from this passage?A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.C. Action is worrys worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.阅读策略点拨：快速浏览全文可知，这是一篇故事，属于夹叙 夹议类文体，所以写作特点明显区别于新闻文体。文章按照时间顺 序展开，讲述了主人公Alice通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己 的焦虑的故事。本文共四段，前三段叙事，最后一段作者发表了自 己的看法，总结全文、深化主题。故事类文章是通过记叙一件事来